This verb centers on the concept of paying back what is owed—whether debt, compensation, or restitution. Homer uses it for repaying honor to the Argives or making atonement for wrongdoing against Patroclus. Classical legal contexts distinguish 'suffer or pay'—personal punishment versus pecuniary restitution. Paul employs it in his letter to Philemon regarding Onesimus, offering to personally repay any debt the runaway slave might owe his master—a remarkable gesture bridging financial obligation and spiritual reconciliation.