ἀποσυν-άγωγος G0656
expelled from the synagogue, excommunicated from Jewish worship community
This adjective, unique to John's Gospel, describes those banned from synagogue fellowship. The Jews agreed that anyone confessing Jesus as Messiah would be 'put out of the synagogue' (John 9:22; 12:42). Jesus warns disciples they will be made 'outcasts from the synagogue,' even to the point where killers think they offer service to God (16:2). This represents formal excommunication from the covenant community—a devastating social and religious penalty in first-century Judaism. The term captures the cost of following Jesus in that context.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Exclusively Johannine, denoting formal exclusion from synagogue community for confessing Jesus. John 9:22 explains the Jewish leaders' agreement to make 'expelled from the synagogue' (ἀποσυνάγωγον) anyone confessing Christ as Messiah. John 12:42 notes many leaders believed but wouldn't confess, lest they become 'expelled from the synagogue' (ἀποσυνάγωγοι). John 16:2 predicts disciples will be made 'outcasts from the synagogue' (ἀποσυναγώγους). The compound nature (ἀπο + συναγωγή) makes the meaning transparent: separated from the assembly. 3×
AR["مَطرود-مِن-المَجمَع", "مَطْرُودِينَ-مِنَ-الْمَجْمَعِ"]·ben["সমাজচ্যুত", "সমাজভ্রষ্ট"]·DE["aus-der-Synagoge"]·EN["expelled-from-synagogue"]·FR["exclu-de-la-synagogue"]·heb["מְנֻדִּים־מִבֵּית-הַכְּנֶסֶת", "מְנֻדֶּה", "מֵחֻץ־לַבַּתֵּי־כְנֵסֶת"]·HI["आराधनालय-से-निकाला", "आराधनालय-से-निकाले", "आराधनालय-से-निकाले-हुए"]·ID["Dikucilkan-dari-sinagoge", "dikeluarkan-dari-sinagoge", "dikucilkan-dari-sinagoge"]·IT["aposunagogoi", "aposunagogos", "aposunagogous"]·jav["Dipunbucal-saking-sinagogé", "dipun-bucal-saking-sinagoge", "dipunsebrataken-saking-sinagogé"]·KO["회당-에서-쫓겨난-자들로", "회당에서-쫓겨나지", "회당에서-쫓겨남"]·PT["expulso-da-sinagoga", "expulsos-da-sinagoga"]·RU["отлучены-от-синагоги", "отлучённым-от-синагоги", "отлучёнными-от-синагоги"]·ES["Expulsados-de-sinagoga", "expulsado-de-la-sinagoga", "expulsados-de-sinagoga"]·SW["atafukuzwa-sinagogini", "waliofukuzwa-sinagogini"]·TR["Havra-dışı", "havra-dışı", "havradan-atma"]·urd["خارج", "عبادت-خانے-سے-خارج", "عبادتخانے سے نکالے"]
Related Senses
H1129 1. Qal: build, construct (316×)H2691a 1. court, courtyard, enclosure (142×)G4864 1. synagogue, place of Jewish assembly (56×)G5438 1. prison, place of confinement (41×)H4013 1. fortress, stronghold (37×)H0875 1. well, cistern (dug water source) (35×)H0352b 1. pillar or jamb of gateway (32×)H2474 1. window, opening in wall (32×)H1406 1. roof / rooftop (31×)H4609b 1. steps, stairs, stairway (31×)H1129 2. Nifal: be built, be established (30×)H0361 1. portico, porch (architectural structure) (27×)H1129 3. Qal participle: builder (27×)H1219 1. fortified, inaccessible (25×)H4581 1. fortress, stronghold (25×)H3805 1. capital of a pillar (24×)H4350 1. stand, base, pedestal (24×)H0759 1. palace, royal residence (21×)H4692 1. siege, besiegement (20×)G3618 1. build or construct physically (19×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀποσυν-άγωγος [ᾰγ], ον, expelled from the synagogue, NT