ἀνθ-ίστημι G0436
resist, oppose, withstand — to set oneself against an adversary, whether human, spiritual, or divine
Anthistemi is built from anti ('against') and histemi ('to stand'), yielding the vivid image of planting one's feet and refusing to give ground. In the New Testament it covers the full spectrum of opposition: Paul withstanding Peter to his face over the inclusion of Gentiles (Gal 2:11), Elymas the sorcerer opposing the apostolic mission (Acts 13:8), believers being urged to resist the devil (Jas 4:7, 1 Pet 5:9), and the solemn warning that whoever resists governing authority resists God's ordinance (Rom 13:2). Even Jesus invokes it in the radical command not to resist the evildoer (Matt 5:39). Spanish 'resistir,' French 'resister,' and German 'widerstehen' all preserve the core confrontational force.
Senses
1. to resist, oppose, withstand — To set oneself in opposition to a force, authority, or adversary, standing firm rather than yielding. The NT applies this to interpersonal confrontation (Paul opposing Peter, Gal 2:11), spiritual warfare (resisting the devil, Jas 4:7; 1 Pet 5:9), resistance to apostolic testimony (Acts 6:10, 13:8; 2 Tim 3:8; 4:15), and rebellion against divinely established order (Rom 9:19; 13:2). Jesus' injunction in Matt 5:39 not to 'resist the evildoer' plays on the same martial imagery, subverting it. All 14 occurrences share the sense of deliberate, active opposition. 14×
AR["أَن-تُقاوِموا", "تُقَاوِمُوا", "قاوَما", "قاوَمتُهُ", "قاوَمَ", "قاوَمَهُم", "قاوِموا", "قَاوَمَ", "قَاوَمُوا", "يُقاوِموا", "يُقاوِمونَ", "يُقَاوِمُوا"]·ben["প্রতিরোধ-কর", "প্রতিরোধ-করতে", "প্রতিরোধ-করলাম,", "প্রতিরোধ-করো", "বিরুদ্ধে-দাঁড়ানোরা,", "বিরুদ্ধে-দাঁড়িয়েছে;", "বিরোধ-করেছে", "বিরোধিতা-করছে", "বিরোধিতা-করল", "বিরোধিতা-করেছিল", "বিরোধিতা-করেছে"]·DE["widerstehen", "ἀνθίστατο", "ἀντιστῆναι"]·EN["I-opposed", "Resist", "has-resisted", "having-resisted", "he-opposed", "oppose", "opposed", "resist", "to-resist", "to-withstand", "was-opposing"]·FR["résister"]·heb["הִתְנַגְּדוּ", "הִתְנַגֵּד", "הַעוֹמְדִים-נֶגֶד", "לְהִתְנַגֵּד", "לְהִתְקוֹמֵם", "לַעֲמֹד", "מִתְנַגְּדִים", "עָמַד-נֶגֶד", "עָמַדְתִּי-נֶגְדּוֹ", "עוֹמֵד-נֶגֶד"]·HI["मैने-विरोध-किय,", "विरोध-कर-सका-है", "विरोध-करता-था", "विरोध-करता-है", "विरोध-करते", "विरोध-करन", "विरोध-करना", "विरोध-करने-वाले", "विरोध-किय", "विरोध-किये", "सामना-करना", "सामना-करो"]·ID["Lawanlah", "aku-menentang", "dapat-menentang", "dia-melawan", "lawanlah", "melawan", "menentang", "menentang,", "menentang;"]·IT["antistenai", "resistere"]·jav["Nglawan", "ingkang-nglawan,", "kula-nglawan,", "nglawan", "nglawan,", "nglawan;", "nglawana", "nglawana,", "saged-nglawan?"]·KO["대적하다", "대적하라", "대적한다", "대적했다", "대항하기-를", "대항하기를", "대항하는-것이요", "대항하는-자들은", "대항하였느냐", "대항했노라,"]·PT["Resistia", "resiste;", "resisti", "resistindo,", "resistir", "resistiu?"]·RU["Противостоял", "осуждение", "противиться", "противостал", "противостали", "противостаньте", "противостаньте,", "противостать", "противостоять", "противятся"]·ES["ha-resistido", "que-se-oponen", "resisten", "resistid", "resistieron", "resistir", "resistí", "resistía", "se-ha-opuesto", "se-opuso"]·SW["alipinga", "amepinga", "amepinga;", "kupinga", "mpinge", "mpingeni", "nilimpinga", "waliompinga", "waliyo-pinga,", "wanaupinga"]·TR["-a", "direnmek", "karşı-duranlar", "karşı-durdum", "karşı-durmaya", "karşı-durun", "karşı-durur", "karşı-duruyordu", "karşı-geldi", "karşı-koydu", "karşı-koymak", "karşı-koyuyor"]·urd["مخالفت-کرتے-ہیں", "مخالفت-کی", "مزاحمت-کرتا-ہے", "مزاحمت-کرنے-والے", "مقابلہ-کرتا-تھا", "مقابلہ-کرتا-ہے؟", "مقابلہ-کرنا", "مقابلہ-کرنے", "مقابلہ-کرنے-کو", "مقابلہ-کرو", "مقابلہ-کرو،"]
Related Senses
H4421 1. war, battle, armed conflict (319×)H0341 1. enemy, adversary, foe (284×)H3898a 1. Nifal: to fight, wage war (167×)H2026 1. kill, slay (active) (146×)H2451 1. wisdom, discernment (146×)H5483b 1. horse (the animal) (138×)H0006 1. to perish, be destroyed (105×)H7843 1. Hifil: destroy, annihilate (83×)H2491a 1. slain, fatally pierced (74×)H6862c 1. adversary, enemy, foe (69×)H8045 1. destroy, exterminate (69×)G0615 1. kill, put to death (60×)H6571b 1. horseman, cavalryman (52×)H8077a 1. desolation, waste (abstract state) (52×)G4678 1. of wisdom (51×)G4717 1. crucify, fasten to a cross (46×)H2763a 1. utterly destroy (Hifil active) (44×)G0622 1. perish, be destroyed (intransitive) (41×)H0006 2. to destroy, annihilate (Piel) (38×)H8074 1. be desolate, lie waste (36×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀνθ-ίστημι, set against, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τροπαῖον set up a trophy in opposition, Refs 5th c.BC+; weigh against, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τινὸς τὴν ὁλκήν outweigh him, LXX __2 match with, compare, ἀντιστῆσαι καὶ παραβαλεῖνRefs 1st c.AD+ __II Refs 8th c.BC+passive, with intransitive aorist 2 ἀντέστην. aorist 1 passive ἀντεστάθηνRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect ἀνθέστηκαNT; Attic dialect contraction participle…