ἀναφέρω G0399
To carry upward; offer up (sacrifice or praise); bear (sins) upon oneself as a substitute
A verb of upward movement that gains its theological weight from what is being carried. In worship contexts it means to offer up sacrifices or praise to God, as in Hebrews 13:15 and 1 Peter 2:5. When applied to persons, it describes physically leading someone up to a high place, as Jesus brings Peter, James, and John up the mountain of transfiguration (Matt 17:1). Most strikingly, in Hebrews 9:28 and 1 Peter 2:24, it takes on vicarious force: Christ bore our sins upward onto the cross. Spanish captures the distinction well, using 'ofrecer' for sacrifice but 'llevar' for sin-bearing, revealing the word's dual semantic pull between cultic offering and substitutionary burden.
Senses
1. to offer up (sacrifice) — To present a sacrifice or offering to God, whether the literal animal offerings of the old covenant or the spiritual sacrifices of praise and good works under the new. The Spanish 'ofrezcamos' and German 'hinaufbringen' both capture the upward directionality of cultic presentation. Key passages: Heb 7:27 (Christ's once-for-all offering), 1 Pet 2:5 (believers as a holy priesthood offering spiritual sacrifices), Heb 13:15 (the sacrifice of praise). 5×
AR["أَنْ-يُقَدِّمَ", "قَدَّمَ", "لِتُقَدِّموا", "لِنُقَدِّمْ", "مُصعِدًا"]·ben["আমরা-উত্সর্গ-করি", "উৎসর্গ-করতে", "উৎসর্গ-করে"]·DE["hinaufbringen"]·EN["having-offered", "let-us-offer", "then", "to-offer"]·FR["offrir"]·heb["הֶעֱלָה", "לְהַעֲלוֹת", "לְהַקְרִיב", "נַעֲלֶה"]·HI["चढ़ाएं", "चढ़ाकर", "चढ़ाकर।", "चढ़ाने,", "चढ़ाने-के-लिए"]·ID["dengan-mempersembahkan", "marilah-mempersembahkan", "mempersembahkan", "untuk-mempersembahkan"]·IT["offrire"]·jav["ngaturaken", "nyaosaken", "sampun-nyaosaken", "sumangga-kita-nyaosaken"]·KO["드렸을-때", "드리기를", "드리라", "드리셔서", "우리가-드리자"]·PT["oferecer", "ofereçamos", "para-oferecer", "tendo-oferecido"]·RU["будем-возносить", "вознёсший", "приносить", "принёсший"]·ES["habiendo-ofrecido", "ofrecer", "ofrezcamos"]·SW["akijitoa", "alipomtoa", "kutoa", "tutoe"]·TR["sunalım", "sunarak", "sunmak", "sunmaya"]·urd["پیش-کرنے-کو", "چڑھا-کر", "چڑھائیں", "چڑھانا"]
2. to bring up, lead up (physically) — To lead or bring someone physically upward to a higher location. Used of Jesus bringing his three closest disciples up a high mountain for the Transfiguration (Matt 17:1; Mark 9:2), and of Christ's ascension into heaven (Luke 24:51). Spanish distinguishes this from the cultic sense with 'lleva arriba,' while French collapses both into 'offrir,' suggesting the physical ascent was already metaphorically charged for Greek readers. 3×
AR["رُفِعَ", "صَعِدَ-بِهِمْ", "يُصْعِدُهُمْ"]·ben["তিনি-তুলে-নেওয়া-হলেন", "নিয়ে-যান"]·DE["hinaufbringen", "ἀναφέρει", "ἀνεφέρετο"]·EN["brings-up", "was-carried-up"]·FR["offrir"]·heb["הֶעֱלָה", "מַעֲלֶה", "נִשְׂא"]·HI["उठाया-जाता-था", "ले-जअत-है", "ले-जाता-है"]·ID["Dia-terangkat", "membawa-naik"]·IT["anapherei", "anephereto"]·jav["dipun-angkat", "mbekta", "ngirid"]·KO["데려간다", "올려-가신다", "올리워졌다"]·PT["leva"]·RU["возводит", "возносился"]·ES["fue-llevado-arriba", "lleva-arriba"]·SW["alipandishwa", "anawapandisha"]·TR["yukarı-taşınıyordu", "çıkarıyor"]·urd["اٹھایا-گیا", "لے-جاتا-ہے", "لے-گیا"]
3. to bear, carry (sins) — To bear or carry sins upon oneself in substitutionary atonement. In Heb 9:28 Christ 'bore the sins of many,' echoing Isaiah 53:12, and in 1 Pet 2:24 he 'bore our sins in his body on the tree.' Spanish shifts to 'llevar/llevo' (carry, bore), marking a clear semantic break from the sacrificial 'ofrecer.' This sense merges the upward movement of the cross with the theological weight of vicarious sin-bearing. 2×
AR["أَنْ-يَحْمِلَ", "حَمَلَ"]·ben["বহন-করতে", "বহন-করে-নিয়ে-গেলেন"]·DE["hinaufbringen"]·EN["bore", "to-bear"]·FR["offrir"]·heb["הֶעֱלָה", "לָשֵׂאת"]·HI["उठा-लिया", "उठाने"]·ID["menanggung"]·IT["offrire"]·jav["mbekta", "nanggung"]·KO["지기를", "지셨으니"]·PT["levar", "levou"]·RU["вознести", "вознёс"]·ES["llevar", "llevó"]·SW["alizibeba", "kubeba"]·TR["taşıdı", "taşımak"]·urd["اُٹھانے-کو", "اُٹھایا"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀναφέρω, poetry ἀμφ-, future ἀνοίσω: aorist ἀνήνεγκα, Ionic dialect ἀνήνεικα, also infinitive ἀνοῖσαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __I bring, carry up, [Κέρβερον] ἐξ ἈΐδαοRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀ. τινὰ εἰς Ὄλυμπον, εἰς θεούς, Refs 5th c.BC+; in historical writers, carry up the country, especially into Central Asia, Refs 5th c.BC+; raise up, εἰς τὸ ἄνωRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. πόδα lift it, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, carry up to…