ἀνα-παύω G0373
To rest or cause to rest; cease from labor, refresh another, or be refreshed oneself.
A verb of deep comfort woven through the New Testament's most tender invitations. In Matthew 11:28, Jesus uses it to promise rest to the weary — 'Come to me, and I will give you rest' — where the active voice carries causative force: He Himself refreshes the burdened soul. Elsewhere it appears intransitively, as when Jesus tells the disciples to 'rest a while' (Mark 6:31), or eschatologically, when the blessed dead 'rest from their labors' (Rev 14:13). Paul treasures this word for the mutual refreshment believers bring one another (1 Cor 16:18; Phlm 1:7), where Spanish 'refrescar' and German 'erquicken' capture the revitalizing nuance better than a simple 'rest.'
Senses
1. rest, take one's rest — To cease from activity and take rest oneself — the intransitive middle/passive use describing personal rest or respite. Jesus tells the disciples 'Come away and rest a while' (Mark 6:31), and in Gethsemane says with sorrowful irony, 'Sleep on now and take your rest' (Matt 26:45). Spanish 'descansad' and French 'reposer' consistently render this sense of voluntary cessation. 7×
AR["اسْتَريحوا", "اسْتَرِيحُوا", "اِسْتَرِيحِي", "عَلَيكُم", "يَستَريحوا"]·ben["তারা-বিশ্রাম-করবে", "বিশ্রাম-কর", "বিশ্রাম-নাও", "বিশ্রাম-নেয়", "বিশ্রাম-পাবে"]·DE["ruhen", "ἀναπαύεσθε", "ἀναπαύου"]·EN["rest", "rests", "they-should-rest", "they-will-rest"]·FR["reposer"]·heb["הִנָּפְשִׁי", "יָנוּחוּ", "נָחִים", "נָחָה", "נוּחוּ", "שֶׁיָנוּחוּ"]·HI["आराम-कर", "ठहरता-है", "थोड़ा", "विश्राम-करते-हो", "विश्राम-करो", "वे-विश्राम-करें", "वे-विश्राम-पाएं"]·ID["beristirahatlah", "bersemayam", "mereka-beristirahat"]·IT["riposare"]·jav["kang-lerem;", "ngaso", "ngasoa", "ngasoha", "piyambakipun-istirahat", "piyambakipun-sedaya-lerem"]·KO["쉬도록", "쉬라", "쉬리니", "쉬시니라", "쉬어라"]·PT["descansai", "descansais", "descansassem", "descansem", "repousa;"]·RU["отдохните", "отдыхай", "отдыхайте", "почивает;", "упокоились", "успокоились"]·ES["descansa", "descansad", "descansarán", "descansen", "reposa"]·SW["anapumzika", "kupumzika", "mpumzike", "pumzika", "pumzikeni", "wapumzike"]·TR["dinlenecekler", "dinlenin", "dinlenir", "dinlensinler", "rahat-et"]·urd["آرام-کر", "آرام-کرتی-ہے؛", "آرام-کرتے-ہو", "آرام-کرو", "آرام-کریں", "آرام-کریں-گے"]
2. refresh, give rest to — To refresh or give rest to another — the causative active sense, where one person restores another. The great invitation of Matt 11:28, 'I will give you rest,' is the paradigm. Paul praises Stephanas's household because 'they refreshed my spirit' (1 Cor 16:18). Multilingual glosses split here: Spanish uses 'daré descanso' for the promise and 'refresca' for interpersonal refreshment, revealing the dual register of divine gift and human care. 3×
AR["أَرَاحُوا", "أَرِحْ", "أُريحُكُم"]·ben["বিশ্রাম-দাও", "বিশ্রাম-দিয়েছে", "বিশ্রাম-দেব"]·DE["ruhen", "ἀναπαύσω"]·EN["refresh", "they-refreshed", "will-give-rest"]·FR["reposer"]·heb["אָנִיחַ", "הֵנִיחוּ", "הָנַח"]·HI["उन्होंने-विश्राम-दिया", "तअज़अ-कर", "विश्रम-दुनग"]·ID["Mereka-menyegarkan", "akan-memberi-istirahat", "segarkan"]·IT["far-riposare", "riposare"]·jav["badhé-maringi-katis", "nyegeraken", "piyambakipun-sampun-nyegeraken"]·KO["쉬게-하였으니", "쉬게-해다오", "쉼게-하리라"]·PT["reconforta", "vos-darei-descanso"]·RU["успокоили", "успокой", "успокою"]·ES["daré-descanso", "descansaron", "refresca"]·SW["kupumzika", "nitawapumzisha", "waliburudisha"]·TR["dinlendireceğim", "rahatlat", "rahatlaştılar"]·urd["آرام-دوں-گا", "آرام-دے", "تازہ-دم-کیا"]
3. be refreshed, receive rest — To be in a state of having been refreshed — the perfect passive indicating completed refreshment received from another. Titus's spirit 'has been refreshed' by the Corinthians (2 Cor 7:13), and Philemon's love has 'refreshed the hearts of the saints' (Phlm 1:7). Spanish 'ha sido refrescado' and the German rendering both preserve this resultative, stative nuance distinct from the active giving or the voluntary resting. 2×
AR["استَراحَت", "استَراحَتْ"]·ben["বিশ্রাম-পেয়েছে", "শান্ত-হয়েছে"]·DE["ruhen"]·EN["has-been-refreshed", "have-been-refreshed"]·FR["reposer"]·heb["נָחָה", "נָחוּ"]·HI["विश्राम-पाया-है", "विस्त्रित-हुइ-है"]·ID["telah-disegarkan"]·IT["far-riposare", "riposare"]·jav["kasegeraken", "sampun-kasegeraké"]·KO["쉬었다"]·PT["foi-refrigerado", "têm-sido-reconfortadas"]·RU["успокоен", "успокоены"]·ES["ha-sido-refrescado", "han-sido-refrescadas"]·SW["imepumzishwa", "kupumzika"]·TR["rahatlanmıştır", "rahatlatıldı"]·urd["آرام-پائے-ہیں", "آرام-پایا"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ἀνα-παύω, poetry and Ionic dialect ἀμπ-, future middle ἀναπαύσομαι: aorist ἀνεπαυσάμην Attic dialect and Hellenistic (but ἀνεπαύθημενLXX: later, aorist passive ἀναπάηRefsfuture passive ἀναπαήσομαι variant NT: present middle ἀναπάεταιRefs:—make to cease, stop or hinder from a thing, χειμῶνος.. ὅς ῥά τε ἔργων ἀνθρώπους ἀνέπαυσενRefs 8th c.BC+; ἀ. τινὰ τοῦ πλάνου give him rest from wandering, Refs…