Help, Care For

עָבַד290 vb. work, serve (Old Aramaic עבד do, make, especially Nab. Palm. (often), Lzb331 f. Cook86, so 𝔗 עֲבַד, Syriac ܥܒܰܕ (very often); but also Old Aramaic Ph. עבד slave, vassal (and in many n.pr.), 𝔗 עַבְדָּא, Syriac ܥܰܒܕܳܐ id.; Assyrian abdu, id. (rare); NH עָבַד serve, perform acts of worship (c. acc. cogn.), and deriv.; Arabic عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); cf. WeSkizzen iii. 165; Heid. 141, ii. enslave; عَبْدٌ slave, worshipper; Sab. עבד id. DHMSudar. Alt. p. 18; GerberVerb. Denom.14 ff. thinks be slave, serve (Qal) and enslave (Hiph.) are denom., cf. also NöZMG xi (1886), 741);— Qal272 Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Ez 29:18 +; sf. עֲבָדוֹ Mal 3:18 +; 3 mpl. עָֽבְדוּ Dt 7:4; עָבָ֑דוּ Nu 4:26, + 64 times Pf.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲבֹד Gn 25:23 +; sf. יַעַבְדֵ֫נִי Ex 4:23; יַעַבְדֶ֫נּוּ ψ 22:31 2 K 10:18; 3 mpl. יַעַבְדוּ Dt 12:30 +; יַעֲבֹ֑דוּ Gn 15:14 (Dr§ 103) Jb 36:11; 2 mpl. תַּעַבְדוּן Ex 3:12, תַּעֲבֹד֑וּן Jos 24:15, + 99 times Impf.; (תָּעָבְדֵם, נָֽעָבְדֵם v. Hoph.); Imv. עֲבֹד 1 S 26:19; sf. עָבְדֵהוּ 1 Ch 28:9; עִבְדוּ Ex 5:18 + 15 times; עֲבֹ֑דוּ Ez 20:39; sf. עִבְדֻהוּ 1 S 7:3; Inf. cstr. עֲבֹד Mal 3:14 +; עֲבָד־ Je 34:9, 10; sf. עָבְדוֹ Je 27:6 +, etc.; Pt. עֹבֵד Gn 4:2 +; pl. עֹבְדִים Nu 18:21 +; cstr. עֹבְדֵי ψ 97:7 +; sf. עֹבְדָיו 2 K 10:19; עֹבְדֵיהֶם Zc 2:13;— †1. labour, work, do work: abs. Ex 20:9 = 34:21 = Dt 5:13 (4th word); Ex 5:18 (E) Ec 5:11; c. acc. rei, till the ground Gn 2:5; 3:23; 4:2, 12 (J), 2 S 9:10; Is 30:24; Je 27:11; Zc 13:5; Pr 12:11; 28:19; obj. om. Dt 15:19; Ez 48:19; vineyard Dt 28:39; garden Gn 2:15 (J); עֹבְדֵי פִשְׁתִּים Is 19:9 workers in flax; עֹבְדֵ(י) הָעִיר Ez 48:18, 19 labourers of the city; ע׳ עֲבֹדָתוֹ Is 28:21 work his work (only here of God, ‖ עשׂה מַעֲשֵׂהוּ); ע׳ עבדה על Ez 29:18 serve a military service against. †2. work for another, serve him by labour: abs. Ex 21:2 (E); c. acc. pers. Gn 29:15; 31:6; Ex 21:6 (E) Dt 15:12, 18; Mal 3:17; Je 34:14, king his people 1 K 12:7; subj. animals Je 27:6; Jb 39:9; c. acc. pers. et rei Gn 30:26(×2), 29 (J); c. לְ pers. 2 S 16:19; עִם Gn 29:25, 30 (E) Lv 25:40 (P); עִמָּדִי Gn 29:27 (E); לִפְנֵי 2 S 16:19(×2); c. בְּ of price Gn 29:18, 20, 25; 31:41 (E) Ho 12:13; Ez 29:20; c. בְּ pers. work by means of another, use him as slave, Ex 1:14; Lv 25:39, 46 (P) Je 22:13; 30:8; 34:9, 10; cf. Dt 15:19. 3. serve as subjects: usually c. acc., their own rulers Ju 9:28(×2), 38 1 S 11:1; 1 K 5:1 +; other kings, by tribute ψ 18:44 = 2 S 22:44; Je 27:7; 28:14; 2 K 25:24 +, other nations 2 S 10:19; Je 40:9; Zc 2:13 +, kings other kings 2 K 18:7 +, c. לְ, 1 S 4:9(×2); †מַס עֹבֵד Gn 49:15 (J) Jos 16:10; 1 K 9:21 (see מַס); †c. בְּ pers., work with, i.e. use as subjects, impose tribute upon, Je 25:14; 27:7; Ez 34:27. 4. serve God: a. c. acc. י׳, Ex 3:12; 4:23; 7:16, 26 (JE), ψ 22:31; Jb 21:15; Mal 3:14 +; c. acc. pers. et rei Ex 10:26 (E); acc. pers. om., Je 2:20 (read אֶעֱבוֹד Kt), עבד זבח ומנחה Is 19:21 serve with peace-offering and grain-offering; עבד עֲבֹדָה Ex 13:5 (of מַצֹּת). b. other gods, c. acc. א׳ †Dt 7:16; 12:2, 30 †; אלהים אחרים 7:4; 8:19; 11:16; 13:7, 14; 17:3; 28:14, 36, 64; 29:25; 30:17; 31:20; Jos 23:16; 24:2, 16; Ju 2:19; 10:13; 1 S 8:8; 26:19; 1 K 9:6, 9; 2 K 17:35; 2 Ch 7:19, 22; Je 11:10; 13:10; 16:11, 13; 22:9; 25:6; 35:15 (all D and Je); אֱלֹהֵי הַגּוֹיִם Dt 29:17; זָרִים Je 5:19; ��כל צבא השׁמים Dt 4:19; 2 K 21:3; 2 Ch 33:3; Je 8:2; †הבעל(ים) Ju 2:11; 3:7; 10:6, 10; 1 S 12:10; 1 K 16:31; 22:54; 2 K 10:18(×2), 19(×2), 21, 22, 23(×2); 17:16; †אלהי נֵכָר Jos 24:20; Je 5:19; †(הַ)גִּלּוּלִים 2 K 17:12; 21:21(×2) Ez 20:39; †האשׁרים 2 Ch 24:18; עצבים ψ 106:36; †פסיל(ים) 2 Ch 33:22; 2 K 17:41; פסל ψ 97:7; c. לְ, †לבעל Ju 2:13; †לאלהים אחרים Je 44:3. 5. serve י׳ with Levitical service (all P; cf. RSSem i. 69): c. acc. עבד עֲבֹדָה (v. עֲבֹדָה) Nu 3:7, 8; 4:23, 30, 47; 7:5; 8:11, 19, 22, 26; 16:9; 18:6, 21, 23; Jos 22:27; acc. om. Nu 4:24, 26, 37, 41; 8:15 (but Sam 𝔊 עבדה), v 25 18:7. †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעְבָּ֑ד Ec 5:8; 2 mpl. נֶעֱבַדְתֶּם Ez 36:9; Impf. 3 ms. יֵעָבֵד Dt 21:4; 3 fs. תֵּעָבֵד Ez 36:34;— 1. be tilled, of land Dt 21:4; Ez 36:9, 34. 2. Ec 5:8 מֶלָךְ לְשָׂדֶה נֶעְבָּ֑ד dub.: a king for (devoted to) the cultivated field (Hi); a king that maketh himself servant to the field (devoted to agriculture), De: v. Comm., especially De. †Pual Pf. 3 ms. עֻבַּד Dt 21:3; Is 14:3; pass. of Qal, c. בְּ: impers. Dt 21:3 of a calf with which it has not been worked; hard service with which it was worked with captives Is 14:3. †Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הֶעֱבִיד Ez 29:18; 2 ms. sf. הֶעֱבַדְתַּ֫נִי Is 43:24, הֶעֱבַדְתִּיךָ v 23, וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ Je 17:4 Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעֲבֵד 2 Ch 34:33; 3 mpl. יַעֲבִדוּ Ex 1:13; Inf. cstr. הַעֲבִיד 2 Ch 2:17; Pt. pl. מַעֲבִדִים Ex 6:5;— 1. compel to labour as slaves Ex 1:13; 6:5 (P) 2 Ch 2:17, + Gn 47:21 (reading הֶעֱבִיד לַעֲבָדִים), 2 S 12:31 (reading וְהֶעֱבִיד, + בְּ at; on both these v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.); cause to serve, of army’s service against, c. acc. + (על)אל Ez 29:18; cause to labour, weary, c. בְּ of means Is 43:23, 24 (perhaps play on meanings2, 3). 2. make to serve as subjects, c. 2 acc. Je 17:4, + Je 15:14 (read וְהַעֲבַדְתִּיךָ, v. עבר Hiph. ad fin.). 3. cause to serve God 2 Ch 34:33. Hoph. Impf. 2 ms. sf. תָּֽעָבְדֵם Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9; Ex 23:24; 1 pl. sf. נָֽעָבְדֵם Dt 13:3 (Köi. 259 Sta§ 549 g Thes; Marg. 12 f. Qal anom. pointed (cf. WAG. ed. 2, i. 62 n. Fl Kl. Schr. i. 98); Ges§ 60, R. 1 Dr Qal falsely pointed as Hoph.);—be led or enticed to serve other gods Ex 20:5 = Dt 5:9; Ex 23:24; Dt 13:3.

I. עָזַב213 vb. leave, forsake, loose (NH id. (rare); Arabic عَرَبَ be remote, absent, depart, Assyrian ezêbu, leave, Shaph. ušezib, rescue, cf. Biblical Aramaic שֵׁיזֵב;—Ethiopic ማዕሰብ widowed Di 973);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ע׳ Gn 24:27 +, sf. עֲזָבַנִי Is 49:14 ψ 38:11; 3 fs. עָזָבָ֑ה Ez 23:8; 1 s. sf. עֲזַבְתִּיךְ Is 54:7; 2 fpl. עֲזַבְתֶּן Ex 2:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲזֹב Is 55:7 +, יַעֲזָב־ Gn 2:24, sf. 1 s. וַיַּעַזְבֵנִי 1 S 30:13, etc.; Imv. עֲזֹב ψ 37:8, עָזְבָה Je 49:11, עִזְבוּ Je 48:28; Pr 9:6, etc.; Inf. abs. עָזוֹב Je 14:5, עָזֹב Ex 23:5; cstr. עֲזֹב Gn 44:22 +, sf. עָזְבֵךְ Je 2:17 +, etc.; Pt. act. עֹזֵב Pr 10:17 +, cstr. עֹזְבִי (Ges§ 90 l); f. cstr. עֹזֶבֶת Pr 2:17 etc.; pass. עָזוּב Dt 32:26 +, etc.;— †1. leave, c. acc. (on order of meanings cf. NöZMG xl (1886), 726); a. = depart from, acc. pers. Gn 44:22(×2) (J), 2 K 2:2, 4, 6; 4:30; Nu 10:31 (P), Ru 1:16 Je 9:1 (‖ הָלַךְ מֵאֵת); acc. loc. 1 K 8:6 Je 25:28 (י׳ as lion leaving lair); c. מִן loc. intrans. (strangely) Je 18:14 (of snow). b. leave behind, acc. pers. Ex 2:20 (J), 2 S 15:16 (+ inf.), Ez 24:21; acc. rei + בְּיַד Gn 39:12, 13, + אֶצְלִי v 15, 18 (all J); + ב loc. 50:8 (J); acc. pers. et rei Ex 9:21 (J). c. leave in the presence of (לִפְנֵי) 1 Ch 16:37 (ל of accus., cf. ל 3 b supr.), 2 Ch 28:14. d. leave in safety, וְאָ֫נָה תַעַזְבוּ כְּבוֹדְכֶם Is 10:3. e. leave in a given condition, situation, ע׳ אֹתוֹ בְמַחֲלֻיִים 2 Ch 24:25 they left him in great suffering; c. adv. acc. Ez 23:29; a city פְּתוּחָה Jos 8:17. f. leave undisturbed, let alone Ru 2:16. g. leave unexercised, Gn 24:27 pregn. he hath not left his kindness and his faithfulness from (being) with (מֵעִם) my master; so ע׳ חַסְדּוֹ אֶת־ Ru 2:20 (both of י׳); ע׳ חֵמָה ψ 37:8 (‖ הֶרֶף מֵאַף). h. leave in the hand of, entrust to, acc. rei + בְּיַד Gn 39:6 (J), + אֶל־ Jb 39:11 (‖ בָּטַח בְּ), + עַל־ ψ 10:14 (acc. om., his cause).—So also poss. (c. לְ) Ne 3:34 (reading לֵאלֹהִים for MT לָהֶם), but text prob. otherwise corrupt. i. leave to (ל) one (unaided), וְחָדַלְתָּ֫ מֵעֲזֹב לוֹ Ex 23:5a (E) thou shalt refrain from leaving it (sc. the affair) to him; cf. תַּעֲזֹב לָאָרֶץ בֵּיצֶיהָ Jb 39:14 (of ostrich). j. leave over, remaining, acc. pers. Ju 2:21 (JE); acc. rei + לְ pers. Lv 19:10; 23:22 (H), Mal 3:19. k. leave = have nothing to do with Pr 9:6. 2. leave, abandon, forsake: †a. abandon, acc. rei: (1) land, house, city, tent, etc., 1 S 31:7 = 1 Ch 10:7; 2 K 7:7; Je 9:18; 48:28; 51:9; 2 Ch 11:14; Is 17:9 (+ מִפְּנֵי of enemy); pt. pass. of cities v 2 Je 4:29; Zp 2:4, cf. עֲזוּבָה" dir="rtl" >עֲזוּבָה Is 17:9 pt. = subst. = deserted region. (2) oxen 1 K 19:20; idol-images (+ שָׁם) 2 S 5:21 = 1 Ch 14:12; flock Zc 11:17; pt. pass. of eggs Is 10:14. †b. forsake, (1) human subj. and obj.: Gn 2:24 (J; a man his + parents), 1 S 30:13; Jos 22:3 (D), Je 49:11 ψ 27:10 (parent a child), Pr 2:17 (wife her husband, אַלּוּף), cf. אִשָּׁה²" dir="rtl" >אִשָּׁה עֲזוּבָה Is 54:6, and ע׳ of personif. Zion Is 60:15; 62:4. (2) an animal its young Je 14:5 (obj. om.). †c. = neglect, Levite Dt 12:19; 14:27, poor Jb 20:19. d. especially (1) fig. of forsaking God (י׳), apostatizing, Ju 10:10; Dt 28:20; 31:16 Je 1:16 + 38 times (often Je and later); + Jon 2:9 (obj. חַסְדָּם, i.e. God, v. חֶסֶד II); c. ל + inf. only אֶת־י׳ עָֽזְבוּ לִשְׁמֹר Ho 4:10 (Oort We Now doubt לִשְׁמֹר). (2) obj. י׳’s law, commands, covenant, etc., Dt 29:24; 1 K 19:10, 14 + 14 times; house of י׳ 2 Ch 24:18; Ne 10:40. †(3) forsake, fail to follow, obey advice, instruction, wisdom, reproof: 1 K 12:8, 13 = 2 Ch 10:8, 13; Pr 2:13; 4:2, 6; 10:17; 15:10; 27:10. †(4) but also of forsaking idols Ez 20:8, sins of various kinds 23:8 Is 55:7; Pr 28:13 (obj. om.; + מוֹדֶה confess); הַמַּשָּׁא usury Ne 5:10. e. of God’s forsaking, abandoning men: Dt 31:17; Is 41:17; 49:14; 54:7; 2 Ch 12:5; Ezr 9:9 ψ 9:11; 22:2 + 8 times ψψ; + בְּיַד Ne 9:28; ψ 37:33; ψ 16:10 thou wilt not abandon my soul לִשְׁאוֹל; of temporary abandonment 2 Ch 32:31 (+ inf. of purpose); etc. (34 times in all); + Je 12:7 (י׳ abandoning his house). †f. of God’s leaving, i.e. ceasing to regard, the earth, thus giving impunity to crime, Ez 8:12; 9:9. †g. of strength (כֹּחַ) forsaking one ψ 38:11, courage (לֵב) 40:13, kindness and faithfulness (חֶסֶד וֶאֱמֶת) Pr 3:3. †3. let loose, set free, let go עָזֹב תַּעֲזֹב עִמּוֹ Ex 23:5b (E) thou shalt by all means free it (sc. the beast) with him, (aid him to set it free; on sense, cf. Dt 22:4; DHM sub ii. עזב); עָצוּר וְעָזוּב shut up and freed, proverb. phr., = all classes of people Dt 32:36; 1 K 14:10; 21:21; 2 K 9:8; 14:26 (exact meaning dub.; prob. either = bond and free, or [v. RSSem i. 437, 2nd ed. 456] under taboo and free from it); let go Jb 20:13 (c. acc. of wickedness as morsel in mouth); let loose my complaint Jb 10:1 (עָלַי apud me, cf. עַל II 1 d); אֶעֶזְבָה פָנַי Jb 9:27 I will loosen, relax, my face, (cf. Thes De Me Stu Di BuhlLex Bu; > abandon my [gloomy] countenance AV RV SS BaeKau Du). †Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נֶעֱזַב Ne 13:11; 3 fs. נֶעֱזָבָ֑ה Is 62:12; Impf. 3 fs. תֵּעָזֵב Is 7:16; Lv 26:43, תֵּעָ֣זַב Jb 18:4; 3 mpl. יֵעָֽזְבוּ Is 18:6; Pt. נֶעֱזָב Is 27:10 ψ 37:25; fpl. נֶעֱזָבוֹת Ez 36:4;— 1. be left to (לְ), i.e. to the possession of, Is 18:6. 2. be forsaken, of house of God Ne 13:11, a city Ez 36:4; Is 27:10 (‖ מְשֻׁלָּח), 62:12; the earth Jb 18:4, land Is 7:16; Lv 26:43 (+ מִן of exiles); of man ψ 37:25. †Pu. (or Qal pass., v. Ges§ 52 e) be deserted, of city: Pf. 3 ms. הֲמוֹן עִיר עֻזָּ֑ב Is 32:14 (‖ נֻטָ֔שׁ); 3 fs. עֻזְּבָה Je 49:25.

[שָׁרַת97] vb. Pi. minister, serve (cf. NH שֵׁרוּת (temple-) ministry, Ph. משרת ministry, and perhaps vb. שרת minister);— Pi. Pf. 3 ms. שֵׁרֵת Nu 8:26; Dt 18:7; 3 mpl. שֵׁרְתוּ Nu 3:6; Impf. 3 ms. וַיְשָׁ֫רֶת Gn 39:4, 3 mpl. יְשָֽׁרְתוּ Nu 3:31 +, etc.; Inf. cstr. לְשָׁרֵת Ex 28:35 +, לְשָׁ֫רֶת שָׁם Dt 17:12, etc.; Pt. מְשָׁרֵת Nu 11:28 + (2 S 13:9 v. מַשְׂרֵת, p. 602a), f. מְשָׁרַת 1 K 1:15; etc.;—serve: 1. of ministerial service (opp. menial, עבד): a. higher domestic service: Joseph Gn 39:4; 40:4 (JE), Elisha’s chief servant 2 K 4:43; 6:15, royal domestics 2 S 13:17, 18 1 K 10:5; 2 Ch 9:4; Est 2:2; 6:3, Abishag 1 K 1:4, 15. b. of royal officers (late) 1 Ch 27:1; 28:1; 2 Ch 17:19; 22:8; Est 1:10; Pr 29:12. c. Joshua as chief assistant to Moses Ex 24:13; 13:11 (E), Nu 11:28 (J), Jos 1:1 (D), Elisha to Elijah 1 K 19:21, d. of angels to י׳ ψ 103:21, cf. 104:4. e. of kings of nations in proph. Is 60:10. 2. usually of special service in worship: a. of Levit. priests, abs. 1 K 8:11 = 2 Ch 5:14; c. acc. י׳ Dt 10:8; 17:12; 21:5; Je 33:21 + (strangely) מְשָֽׁרְתֵי אֹתִי v 22; also Is 60:7 of animals put fig. for those sacrificing them; of foreigners admitted to priesthood Is 61:6, cf. 56:6; so prob. Samuel conceived as priest 1 S 2:11; 3:1, את פני י׳ 2:18 (פני prob. acc., cf. 𝔊 τῷ προσώπῳ v 11), שׁ׳ בְּשֵׁם י׳ Dt 18:5, 7. b. Levites (P, and late); c. acc. of Aaronic priests Nu 3:6; 8:26; 18:2, c. acc. of י׳ 1 Ch 15:2; 2 Ch 29:11a; prob. also in ref. to Lev. singer ψ 101:6; c. acc. tabern. Nu 1:50 (P), congregation 16:9 (P), people Ez 44:11 + v 12 (of idolatry); abs. 1 Ch 16:4; 2 Ch 23:6; 29:11b; 31:2 Ezr 8:17 (pt. as subst., ministers); שׁ׳ לִפְנֵי אֲרוֹן בְּרִית י׳ 1 Ch 16:37, שׁ׳ נֶגֶד הַכֹּהֲנִים 2 Ch 8:14; שׁ׳ c. ב loc. 1 Ch 26:12; especially c. בְּ, of sacred vessels Nu 3:31; 4:9, 12, 14; 2 K 25:14 = Je 52:18; בַּשִּׁיר 1 Ch 6:17. c. Zadokite priests (Ez), abs. Ez 42:14; 44:17, 19, 27, c. acc. י׳ 40:46; 43:19; 44:15, 16; 45:4, cstr. מְשָׁרֲתֵי before place 45:4, 5; 46:24. d. Aaronic priests, abs. Ex 28:35 + 4 times P; c. acc. י׳ 1 Ch 23:13; לי׳ 2 Ch 13:10; מְשָֽׁרְתֵי י׳ Jo 1:9, 13; 2:17, מְשָֽׁרְתֵי מזבח Jo 1:13, c. בַּקֹּדֶשׁ Ex 28:43 + 4 times P. e. of idolatry, c. acc. עץ ואבן Ez 20:32.

I. [עָזַר82] vb. help, succour (NH n. עֶזְרָה help; Ph. in deriv. and cpds. Lzb338 f.; Arabic عَذَرَ excuse, exculpate, also aid; Aramaic ܥܕܰܪ help, Palm. עדר, rarely עזר Lzb338 Cook89.90);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. עֲזָרָ֑נִי ψ 118:13, עֲזָֽרְךָ 1 Ch 12:19; 3 pl. sf. עֲזָרֻם 1 Ch 12:20, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲזָר־ Is 50:7, 9, sf. יַעְזְרֶךָּ Is 44:2; 3 mpl. יַעְזֹ֑רוּ Is 30:7; 41:6, וַיַּעְזְרוּ 1 K 1:7, sf. יַעַזְרֻנִי ψ 119:175, etc.; Imv. ms. sf. עָזְרֵנִי ψ 109:26; 119:86 + Jos 10:4 Kt, mpl. sf. עִזְרֻנִי Qr; etc.; Inf. cstr. לַעֲזֹר 1 Ch 22:17, לַעֲזוֹר 18:5, לַעְזֹר Jos 10:33 + 5 times, לַעְזוֹר 2 Ch 25:8 + 2 S 18:3 Qr (> Kt לַעֲזִיר Hiph.); sf. לְעָזְרֵנִי 1 Ch 12:17 + 2 times, etc.; Pt. act. עֹזֵר 1 K 20:16 +, etc.; pass. עָזֻר Is 31:3;—help, c. acc. pers. 1 K 20:16; Jos 1:14 (D), Is 41:6 + 2 Ch 28:23 reading עֹזְרִים Ges§ 53 o, for MT מַעְזְרִים, appar. Hiph.; subj. false gods); c. acc. loc. (city) Jos 10:33 (D); especially c. sf. pers. Jos 10:4, 6 (+ הוֹשִׁיעַ; both JE), 1 Ch 12:18, 20, 23 (van d. H. v 17, 19, 22), 2 Ch 32:3; Ezr 8:22 (+ מִן of enemy), 10:15; Dn 10:13 (subj. Michael); subj. often God (י׳), c. acc. pers. ψ 10:14; 1 Ch 15:26, usually sf. Gn 49:25 (poem in J), 1 S 7:12; Is 41:10, 13, 14 + 12 times + 2 Ch 26:7 (c. עַל against), ψ 37:40 (+ פִּלֵּט), 46:6 (sf. of city), 109:26 (‖ הוֹשִׁיעַ); subj. false gods Dt 32:8; 2 Ch 28:23; c. לְ pers. 2 S 8:5 + 1 Ch 18:5 + 4 times + 2 S 18:3 (read Qr לַעֲזוֹר, or לְעֹזֵר? cf. HPS); subj. י׳ Is 50:7, 9; c. עִם pers. 1 Ch 12:22 (van d. H. v 21; + עַל against); c. אַחֲרֵי pers. (constr. praegn.) 1 K 1:7; c. בְּ pers. against whom 2 Ch 20:23 (+ inf.); c. בֵּין … לְ, of י׳, 2 Ch 14:10; abs. Is 30:7; 2 Ch 26:13 (+ עַל against), 28:16; ע׳ לְרָעָה Zc 1:15 they helped, with evil result; י׳ subj., 2 Ch 25:8 (opp. הַכְשִׁיל); also pt. c. sf. Ez 30:8 + 3 times; c. לְ pers. 2 K 14:26 + 5 times; of י׳ ψ 30:11; 54:6; abs. Is 31:3; 63:5 Je 47:4 ψ 22:12; 107:12; cstr. עֹזְרֵי הַמִּלְחָמָה 1 Ch 12:1, עֹזְרֵי רָ֑הַב Jb 9:13 (v. רַהַב); Pt. pass. abs. as subst. he who is helped Is 31:3. †Niph. Pf. וְנֶעֱזָרְ֑תִּי ψ 28:7 I am helped (sc. by י׳); Impf. 3 mpl. וַיֵּעָֽזְרוּ 1 Ch 5:20 (sc. id.; + עַל against), c. n. cogn. יֵעָֽזְרוּ עֵזֶר מְעָט Dn 11:34; Inf. cstr. הִפְלִיא לְהֵעָזֵר 2 Ch 26:15 he was wonderfully helped (lit. made wonderful to be helped). †Hiph. dub.: Inf. cstr. 2 S 18:3 Kt, Pt. pl. מַעְזְרִים 2 Ch 28:23, v. Qal.

παρίστημι, __A causal in present, imperfect, future, and aorist 1; later perfect παρέστᾰκα in same sense, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.I cause to stand, place beside, π. τοὺς ἱππεῖς ἐφ᾽ ἑκάτερον τὸ κέρας Refs 2nd c.BC+; παραστήσας τὰ ὅπλα having brought his arms into view, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. τινὰ φυλάττειν set one near a thing to guard it, variant in Refs __A.II set before the mind, present, ὑπόθεσιν.. οὐ χὶ τὴν οὖσαν παριστάντες ὑμῖν Refs 4th c.BC+; τοῦτο π. τοὺς θεοὺς ὑμῖν that they may put this into your minds, Refs; π. ἐλπίδας, ὁτιοῦν τῶν δεινοτάτων, Refs; arouse, inspire, οὐ γὰρ ἡ πληγὴ παρέστησε τὴν ὀργὴν ἀλλ᾽ ἡ ἀτιμία Refs; π. φόβον καὶ ἀπορίαν ταῖς πόλεσι Refs 2nd c.BC+; π. ὁ κίνδυνος διαλογισμόν, μὴ.. Refs 4th c.BC+ prompt you to that decision, Refs 4th c.BC+; π. τινὶ θαρρεῖν give one confidence, variant in Refs 4th c.BC+; π. τινί with infinitive, put it into his head to.., Refs 2nd c.AD+; also π. τινὶ ὅτι or ὡς.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.2 dispose a person, πρὸς μελαγχολίας Refs 1st c.BC+:—also in passive, V. Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.3 of a Poet, represent, describe, τὸν Νέστορα παρέστησε [ὁ ποιητὴς] πείθοντα Refs 1st c.BC+ —passive, παριστάσθω ὅτι.. let it be stated that.., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.II.4 furnish, supply, deliver, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __A.II.5 make good, prove, show, τι πολλοῖς τεκμηρίοις NT+5th c.BC+ __A.II.6 with accusative person, present, offer, ἑαυτοὺς τῷ θεῷ, ἑαυτοὺς δούλους εἰς ὑπακοήν, NT __A.II.6.b commend, βρῶμα ἡμᾶς οὐ παραστήσει τῷ θεῷ NT __A.II.7 render, [ἡ πίσσα] τὸν οἶνον ἔὔποτον παρίστησι ταχέως Refs 1st c.AD+ __A.II.8 in later Greek, as in middle (V. C. 1), produce in court, etc., Refs 2nd c.AD+, etc.:—passive, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __A.III set side by side, compare, [πόλεις] μικρὰς μεγάλαις Refs 5th c.BC+ — The use of these active tenses occurs in Pl.[same place], but first becomes common in Oratt. __B passive, with aorist 2, perfect and pluperfect active, intransitive: __B.I stand by, beside, or near, θέων δέ οἱ ἄγχι παρέστη Refs 8th c.BC+; ἑξείης πάντεσσι παρίστασαι, of a beggar,Refs 8th c.BC+; ζωγράφῳ παρεστηκυῖα, of a painter's model, Refs 5th c.BC+participle παραστάς with a Verb, εἶπε παραστάς Refs 8th c.BC+; παρασταθείς, variant for{κατασταθείς}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.I.2 stand by, i.e. help, defend, τινι Refs 8th c.BC+; βοηθοὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.II more frequently in past tenses, to have come, δεῦρο παρέστης Refs 8th c.BC+; to be at hand, νῆες δ᾽ ἐκ Λήμνοιο παρέστασαν Refs __B.II.2 of events, to be near, be at hand, ἀλλά τοι ἤδη ἄγχι παρέστηκεν θάνατος Refs 8th c.BC+: in future middle, σοὶ..παραστήσεσθαι ἔμελλεν μοῖρ᾽ ὀλοή Refs 4th c.BC+, compare 73: frequently in perfect, παρέστηχ᾽ ὡς ἔοικ᾽ ἀγὼν μέγας Refs 5th c.BC+; in participle, τὸ χρῶμα τὸ παρεστηκός Refs 5th c.BC+: in Attic dialect form παρεστώς, ῶσα, ός, th=s parestw/shs no/sou Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ π. θέρουςRefs 5th c.BC+; τὰ παρεστῶτα present circumstances, τὰ λῷστα, κράτιστα τῶν π., Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III come to the side of another, come over to his opinion, παραστῆναι ἐς τῶν Περσέων τὴν γνώμην Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, come to terms, surrender, submit, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.IV happen to one, τῷ δὴ λέγουσι.. θῶμα μέγιστον παραστῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+; especially come into one's head, occur to one, τὼς νόος ἀνθρώποισι παριστᾶται Refs 5th c.BC+; δόξα π. τινὶ ὥστε.. Refs 5th c.BC+; σοὶ τοῦτο παρέστηκεν, ὡς.. Refs; π. θαῦμα, γνώμη, Refs 5th c.BC+ it occurs to me; τῷ οὐ παραστήσεται.. τεθνάναι βούλεσθαι to whom it will not occur to wish for death, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, Refs 4th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+; participle, τὸ παριστάμενον that which comes into one's head, a thought, Refs 2nd c.AD+; ἐκ τοῦ π. λέγειν speak offhand, Refs 1st c.AD+ __B.V to be disposed, πρὸς τὰς πράξεις Refs 1st c.BC+ __B.V.2 collect oneself, παραστῆναι πρὸς τὸν κίνδυνον Refs 1st c.BC+; τῷ θυμῷ παραστάςRefs 1st c.AD+ __B.V.3 metaphorically, οἶνος παρίσταται the wine improves, becomes fit for drinking, opposed to ἐξίσταται, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.V.3.b of a crop, to be ripe, ὅταν ὁ πρώϊμος σπόρος παραστῇ Refs 3rd c.BC+; so probably ἡ γῆ παρέστηκεν Refs 3rd c.BC+ __B.VI παρεστηκέναι φρενῶν to be beside oneself, lose one's wits, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ἐπὶ τοσοῦτον π. Refs __B.VI.2 to be passionately devoted to, ἵπποισι παρεστεῶτες Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.VII absolutely, παρεστηκός, ={παρόν}, since it was in their power, since the opportunity offered, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C Some tenses of middle, present and imperfect sometimes, future and aorist I almost always (for exceptions, see above Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.I set by one's side, bring forward, produce, π. ἱερεῖα Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in a court of justice, τοὺς παῖδας παραστησάμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+; παιδία παραστήσεται (of a culprit) Refs 4th c.BC+; παραστήσασθαί τινα produce him as witness, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.I.2 commend, τινί τινα Refs 1st c.AD+ __C.II bring to one's side, bring over by force, bring to terms, ἀέκοντας παραστήσασθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.II.2 generally, dispose for one's own views or purposes, τινὰ παραστήσασθαι οὕτως ὥστε.. so to dispose a person that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; dispose, induce a person, πρὸς τὸ κοινωνεῖν Refs: with accusative et infinitive, Refs 4th c.BC+

διᾱκον-έω, Ionic dialect διηκ-, imperfect ἐδιακόνουν NT+7th c.BC+: future -ήσωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist διηκόνησα Refs 1st c.AD+; infinitive -ῆσαιRefs 5th c.BC+: perfect δεδιακόνηκα Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, imperfect διηκονούμην Refs 2nd c.AD+: future -ήσομαιRefs: aorist διηκονησάμην Refs:—passive, future δεδιακονήσομαι Refs 1st c.AD+: aorist ἐδιακονήθην Refs 4th c.BC+perfect δεδιακόνημαι, see below 11: (διάκονος):—minister, do service, absolutely, Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative person, serve Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. ὑποθήκαις τινός Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. παρὰ τῷ δεσπότῃ Refs 3rd c.BC+; δ. πρὸς ὠνήν τε καὶ πρᾶσιν Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, minister to one's own needs, serve oneself, Refs 5th c.BC+; διακονοῦντες καὶ διακονούμενοι ἑαυτοῖς acting as servants and serving themselves, Refs 5th c.BC+: also simply like active, οἶνον ἡμῖν χρυσίῳ διακονούμενοι Refs 2nd c.AD+:—passive, to be served, οὐκ ἦλθε διακονηθῆναι ἀλλὰ διακονῆσαι NT __2 to be a deacon, NT __II c.accusative of things, render a service, τινὶ ὅ τι ἂν δεηθῇ Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be supplied, τῇ πόλει ἐδιακονήθησαν [αἱ πράξεις] Refs 4th c.BC+

† I. עֶזְרָה, עֶזְרָת, עֶזְרָ֫תָה n.f. help, succour, assistance;—abs. ע׳ Is 10:3 +, עֶזְרָת ψ 60:13; 108:13 (Ges§ 80 g), עֶזְרָ֫תָה ψ 63:8 + 2 times; cstr. עֶזְרַת Is 31:2 +; sf. עֶזְרָתִי ψ 22:20 +, etc.;— 1. help, succour Is 10:3; 20:6 (+ לְהִנָּצֵל), 31:1; Je 37:7;La 4:17; Jb 6:13; 2 Ch 28:21; ע׳ פֹּעֲלֵי אָ֑וֶן Is 31:2 help from, etc.; ע׳ י׳ Ju 5:23(×2) help of (for) י׳; from י׳ ψ 22:20, 38:23; 40:14 (‖ לְהַצִּילֵנִי), 70:2 (‖ id.), 71:12, + מִצָּ֑ר 60:13 (‖ תְּשׁוּעָה) = 108:13. 2. concr., embodied help, one who helps (cf. i. עֵזֶר 2): a. coll. Jb 31:21 when I saw my help (assistance, support) in the gate; בְּע׳ (v. i. עֵזֶר 2) Na 3:9. b. of י׳ ψ 27:9; 40:18 (+ מְפַלֵּט), 46:2 (‖ מַחֲסֶה, עֹז), 44:27; 63:8; 94:17; בְּע׳ 35:2.

δουλ-εύω, (δοῦλος) to be a slave, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 serve, be subject, τό τ᾽ ἄρχειν καὶ τὸ δ. δίχα Refs 4th c.BC+; δ. ζεύγλαιςRefs 5th c.BC+; δ. γαστρί, ὕπνῳ, λαγνείᾳ, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῇ γῇ δ. make oneself a slave to one's land, i. e. give up rights that one may keep it, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τῷ καιρῷ accommodate oneself to the occasion, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 render a service, τινά Refs 6th c.AD+

† I. [חָרַשׁ] vb. cut in, engrave, plough, devise (NH id., plough, so Ethiopic ሐረሰ Ph. חרש, Aramaic (rare) חֲרַת engrave, ܚܪܰܬ cleave, plough, Arabic حَرَثَ plough)— Qal Pf. חָֽרְשׁוּ ψ 129:3, חֲרַשְׁתֶּם Ju 14:18 Ho 10:13; Impf. יַחֲרֹשׁ Is 28:24 Pr 20:4; יַחֲרוֹשׁ Ho 10:11 + Am 6:12 (v. infr.); 2 ms. תַּחֲרֹשׁ Dt 22:10 Pr. 3:29; Inf. cstr. חֲרֹשׁ 1 S 8:12; Pt. חֹרֵשׁ Gn 4:22 + 5 times; חוֹרֵשׁ Am 9:13; pl. חֹרְשִׁים ψ 129:3, חֹרְשֵׁי Jb 4:8 + 3 times, fpl. abs. חֹרְשׁוֹת Jb 1:14; pass. חֲרוּשָׁה Je 17:1:— 1. cut in, engrave, of worker in metals ח׳ נְחֹשֶׁת וּבַרְזֶל Gn 4:22 (J), ח׳ נחשׁת 1 K 7:14; fig. ח׳ עַל־לוּחַ לִבָּם Je 17:1 engraved on the tablet of their heart. 2. plough, lit., human subj. (animal usually c. בְּ), no obj. expr. 1 K 19:19 Dt 22:10 Is 28:24, so יַחֲרוֹשׁ בבקרים Am 6:12 (but read prob. יֵחָרֵשׁ בבקר יָם, v. We al.); c. acc. cogn. ח׳ חֲרִישׁוֹ 1 S 8:12 plough his ploughing (= do his ploughing), Pr 20:4; fig. Ju 14:18 Ho 10:11; with ethical ref. ח׳ רֶשַׁע v 13 (‖ קצר), ח׳ אָוֶן Jb 4:8 (‖ זרע, קצר); עַל־גַּבִּי חָֽרְשׁוּ חֹרְשִׁים ψ 129:3 upon my back have ploughmen ploughed (fig. of oppression by wicked); חֹרֵשׁ = ploughman Is 28:24, Am 9:13 (‖ קוֹצֵר); ח׳ with oxen subj. only Jb 1:14. 3. devise (as one who works in, practises), usually bad sense, obj. רָעָה Pr 3:29, רַע 6:14; מַחְשְׁבוֹת אָוֶן v 18, חֹרְשֵׁי רַע Pr 12:20; 14:22; but also חֹרְשֵׁי טוֹב v 22. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. צִיּוֹן שָׂדֶה תֵּחָרֵשׁ Mi 3:12 Zion, as a field she shall be ploughed = Je 26:18. Hiph. Pt. מַחֲרִישׁ רָעָה עַל־ 1 S 23:9 fabricating mischief against (v. Dr, and cf. We).

† I. עֵ֫זֶר n.m. ψ 121:1 help, succour;—ע׳ abs. Gn 2:18 +, sf. עֶזְרִי Ex 18:4, עֶזְרֹה Ez 12:14, etc.;— 1. help, succour Is 30:5 (‖ הוֹעִיל, opp. בּשֶׁת, חֶרְפָּה), Dn 11:34; from י׳ ψ 20:3; 121:1, 2; 124:8; in 89:20 read; נֵזֶר for ע׳ Dy Gr Kau (עֹז Bi Che), cf. Hup; מָגֵן עֶזְר֑ךָ Dt 33:29) = י׳). 2. concr. = one who helps (cf. i. עֶזְרָה 2) בְּע׳ (בְּ essent., v. ב I 7 b, Ges§ 119 h, i) Gn 2:18, 20 (J) + Ho 13:9 (read מִי בְע׳ Che We GuKau Now); coll. (without בְּ) Ez 12:14 (si vera l.; Co עֹזְרָיו); especially of י׳ ע׳ מִצָּרָיו Dt 33:7 (poem), ע׳ + מָגֵן ψ 33:20; 115:9, 10, 11, + מְפַלֵּט 70:6; בְּע׳ (v. supr.) Ex 18:4 (E), Dt 33:26 (poem), ψ 146:4. אֶבֶן הָעֵזֶר v. אֶ֫בֶן" dir="rtl" >אֶבֶן (9).

λατρ-εύω, Elean λατρείω (which see), work for hire or pay, Refs 6th c.BC+: to be in servitude, serve, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 λ. τινί to be subject or enslaved to, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative person, serve, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. νόμοις obey, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. καιρῷ, = Latin temporibus inservire, Refs 1st c.AD+; τῷ κάλλει λ. to be devoted to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 serve the gods with prayers and sacrifices, λ. Φοίβῳ Refs 5th c.BC+ render due service, Refs; πόνον.. τόνδ᾽ ἐλάτρευσα θεᾷ Refs

† נְתִינִים n.m.pl. Nethînîm (proposes those given to the service of the sanctuary, as Levites are called נְתוּנִים Nu 3:9, 8:16, 19);—only 1 Ch 9:2 (where disting. from priests and Levites) + 16 times Ezr Ne (often disting. from priests, Levites and porters; Ezr 8:17 Kt has הנתונים, Qr הַנְּתִינִים), viz.: Ezr 2:43, 58, 70 = Ne 7:46, 60, 72 (so Baer, Ginsb; van d. H. v 73), Ezr 7:7; 8:17, 20 (appointment ascribed to David, cf. 1 Ch 9:2), v 20 Ne 10:29; 11:3; living on the Ophel 3:26; 11:21, with their own overseers v 21, having a house known (in part) by their name 3:31.—On נ׳ v. further BauPriesterthum 100, 142 f.

† [אָשַׁר] vb. go straight, go on, advance (Assyrian ašâru ZimBP 11; Arabic Aramaic in deriv.)— Qal Imv. אִשְׁרוּ Pr 9:6 אִשְׁרוּ בְדֶרֶךְ בִּינָה go straight on in the way of understanding. Pi. Pf. אִשְּׁרוּ Mal 3:12 Gn 30:13; Impf. תְּאַשֵּׁר Pr 4:14 + 4 times; Imv. אַשֵּׁר Pr 23:19; Pt. pl. מְאַשְּׁרִים Mal 3:15 + 2 times;— 1. intensive go straight on, advance Pr 4:14. 2. causative lead on Pr 23:19 Is 3:12; 9:15. 3. set right, righten Is 1:17. 4. pronounce happy, call blessed Gn 30:13 (J) Jb 29:11 ψ 72:17 Pr 31:28 Ct 6:9 Mal 3:12, 15. Pu. Impf. Kt יְאֻשַּׁר Qr וְאֻשַּׁר ψ 41:3; Pt. מְאֻשָּׁר Pr 3:18 Is 9:15. 1. be led on Is 9:15. 2. be made happy, blessed ψ 41:3 Pr 3:18.

† [צָבָא] vb. wage war, serve (Sab. צֿבא wage war with, also n. army, campaign HomChrest. 125 CIS iv. 299, 1. 2 DHM VOJ i. 28; Ethiopic ጸብአ: (> ፀብአ:) wage war; Assyrian ṣâbu, man, soldier; NöZMG xl (1886), 726 al. cp. (on account of Sab. Ethiopic ץֿ) Arabic ضَبَأَ conceal oneself, hence lie in wait; this is phonetically suitable, but better in meaning would be صَبَأَ go or come forth (against one), etc., so Thes LagBN 21; Frä232 cp. صَبِىٌّ young man);— Qal Pf. 3 mpl. צָֽבְאוּ Ex 38:8 Zc 14:12; Impf. 3 mpl. יִצְבְּאוּ Nu 31:7; Inf. cstr. לִצְבֹּא Is 31:4; לִצְבֹא Nu 4:23; 8:24; Pt. pl. צֹבְאִים Nu 31:42; Is 29:7, 8; sf. צֹבֶיהָ Is 29:7 (Ges§ 75 oo; Di צָרֶיהָ); fpl. צֹבְאֹת Ex 38:8; צֹבְאוֹת 1 S 2:22;— 1. wage war, fight, c. עַל against, Nu 31:7 (P) Is 29:7, 8; 31:4; Zc 14:12, c. sf. Is 29:7 (?); abs. Nu 31:42 (P). 2. serve at sacred tent, Levites, c. acc. צָבָא Nu 4:23; 8:24 (P); women Ex 38:8(×2) (P) 1 S 2:22. Hiph. Pt. הַמַּצְבִּא אֶת־עַם וגו׳ 2 K 25:19 = Je 52:25 muster.

προσκαρτερ-έω, Doric dialect ποτι- Refs 2nd c.BC+:— persist obstinately in, τῇ πολιορκίᾳ NT+5th c.BC+; καίπερ ἀχθόμενοι τῇ καθέδρᾳ π. Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 adhere firmly to a man, be faithful to him, τινι NT+2nd c.BC+; of servants, remain in one's service, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a κοσμητής, Refs __2.b remain in attendance at a law-court, τῷ βήματι, τῷ κριτηρίῳ, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2.c devote oneself to an office or occupation, τῇ στρατηγίᾳ Refs 3rd c.AD+; τῇ ἑαυτῶν γεωργίᾳ Refs 2nd c.AD+ __3 passive, ὁ προσκαρτερούμενος χρόνος time diligently employed, Refs 1st c.BC+ __4 wait for a person, Φιλέᾳ Refs 3rd c.BC+

† [פְּלַח] vb. pay reverence to, serve (deity) (cf. Assyrian palâḫu, fear, revere (and BH יָרֵא, פָּחַד etc.); Egyptian Aramaic פלח worship Lzb 351; 𝔗 פְּלַח serve, Syriac ܦܠܰܚ; Palm. פלחא soldier);— Pe. 1. pay reverence to deity (usually ל acc.): Impf. 3 mpl. יִפְלְחוּן Dn 3:28; 7:14, 27; so Pt. act. פָּלַח 6:17, 21, pl. פָּֽלְחִין 3:12, 14, 18, and (acc. dei) v 17. 2. pl. cstr. as n. פָּֽלְחֵי בֵית אֱלָהָא Ezr 7:24 servants of the house of God (+ priests, Nethinim, etc.).

βοηθ-έω (sometimes written βοιηθέω, Refs 4th c.BC+, Ionic dialect βωθέω, only Refs 5th c.BC+, compare βοηθήσω Refs 4th c.BC+; Doric dialect βοᾱθοέω Refs; Aeolic dialect βαθόημι (which see):—middle, future -ήσομαιRefs 4th c.AD+:—come to aid, succour, assist, aid, with dative, τῇ σφετέρῃ Refs 5th c.BC+; ναυσὶ β. τινί πολιορκουμένῳRefs; β. τοῖς τῶν προγόνων ἀτυχήμασιν Refs 5th c.BC+; β. τῷ θεῷ maintain his rights, Epist. Philipp. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; of a physician, β. τῷ θερμῷ ἐπὶ τὸ ψυχρόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 absolutely, come to the rescue, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπί τινα against one, Refs 5th c.BC+; β. ἐς.. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ.. Refs 5th c.BC+; β. πρός τι contribute to an object, see reading in Refs 4th c.BC+, or keep it off, Refs; χρήμασι with money, Refs it is an antidote to.., Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 passive, to be assisted, receive help, παρά τινος LXX+4th c.BC+; ἐβοήθηνLXX+2nd c.AD+; especially of patients, derive benefit, Refs 5th c.BC+

συμβάλλω, future -βᾰλῶ: aorist -έβᾰλον, infinitive -βᾰλεῖν: perfect -βέβληκα: aorist 1 passive -εβλήθην:—of these tenses Refs 8th c.BC+present active, aorist active and middle, but most commonly Epic dialect intransitive aorist forms συμβλήτην, -βλήμεναι, middle σύμβλητο, -βληντο, -βλήμενος, subjunctive 2nd pers. singular -βλήεαι probably conjecture for -βλήσεαι in Refs 8th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. singular contraction -βληταιRefs 8th c.BC+:—throw together, dash together, σύν ῥ᾽ ἔβαλον ῥινούς, of men in close combat, Refs 8th c.BC+; bring together, unite, e.g. of rivers that fall into one another, ἐς μισγάγκειαν συμβάλλετον ὄβριμον ὕδωρ Refs 8th c.BC+:— middle, πολλοὶ ποταμοὶ σ. τὸ σφέτερον ὕδωρ Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ Ἀκεσίνης τῷ Ἰνδῷ τὸ ὕδωρ σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; σ. τὰ ὦτα πρὸς τὴν γῆν have their ears reaching to.., Refs 4th c.BC+ —passive, κατὰ τὰς ῥᾶγας συμβεβλημένων [τῶν δακτύλων] Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 collect, Refs 5th c.BC+; store up, accumulate, κριθὰς ἵπποις συμβεβλημένας πολλάς Refs __3 jumble up together, διαφέροντα σ. εἰς ταὐτόν Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 intransitive in active, fit Refs 4th c.BC+; to be suitable, τὰ χεδροπὰ σ. εἰς τὰς νέας Refs 4th c.BC+ (unless = sow, set). __4.b to be profitable, σ. τῷ πολιτικῷ.. δικαίῳ εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 intransitive, come together, ἔνθα δίστομοι.. σ. ὁδοί where two roads join, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ συμβάλλοντα the watersmeet, Refs 3rd c.BC+; [φλὲψ] σ. τῇ ἀποσχίσει Refs 4th c.BC+; collide, τοὺς τύπους ἀνάγκη συμβάλλειν ἑαυτοῖς Refs 4th c.BC+: Geometry texts, meet, τὸ σημεῖον, καθ᾽ ὃ συμβάλλουσιν the point in which (the straight lines) meet, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __6 βλέφαρα σ. ὕπνῳ close the eyes in sleep, Refs 4th c.BC+; how shall I meet her eyes with mine? Refs 5th c.BC+ __7 generally, join, unite, σ. σχοινία twist ropes (compare συμβολεύς), Refs 5th c.BC+; ὠμόλινον σ. πεντάπλουν Refs 5th c.BC+; fit together, ἁρμούς Refs 4th c.BC+; κεραῖαι συμβεβλημέναι Refs 3rd c.BC+; δεξιὰς σ. ἀλλήλοισι join hands, Refs 5th c.BC+ __8 σ. συμβόλαιά τινι or πρός τινα make a contract with a person, especially lend him money on bond, Refs 5th c.BC+; συμβόλαιον εἰς τἀνδράποδα συμβεβλημένον money lent on the security of the slaves, Refs 4th c.BC+: absolutely, in same sense, Refs 5th c.BC+; make a contract, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a marriage contract, Mitteis Refs 2nd c.AD+; advance, lend, πέρα μεδίμνου κριθῶν Refs 4th c.BC+; ἱμάτια, χρυσία, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπί τισι on certain terms, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁ συμβαλών the lender, creditor, Refs 4th c.BC+. the borrowers, debtors, Refs:— middle, with perfect passive, pay a share, contribute, ὁλκάδα οἱ συμβαλέεσθαι give him a merchant-vessel, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. χρήματά τινι εἰς τροφὴν τῶν στρατιωτῶν advance it, Refs 4th c.BC+; τριήρεις εἰς κίνδυνον Refs 5th c.BC+ __9 generally, contribute:— passive, συμβάλλεταί τις.. μερίς Refs 2nd c.AD+ —in this sense mostly in middle, τέμενος συμβάλλεσθαι add thereto, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μὴ ἀγανακτεῖν.. ἄλλα τέ μοι πολλὰ συμβάλλεται, καὶ.. many circumstances contribute to my feeling no vexation, and especially.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τιμὴν καὶ δόξαν τῇ πόλει σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently with μέρος as object, ἔργων οὐκ ἐλάχιστον μέρος σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν μεγίστην εἰς αὐτὰ μοῖραν Refs 5th c.BC+ contributes to its volume, Refs 5th c.BC+; συμβαλλόμενα contributory causes, Refs 4th c.BC+: absolutely, to be helpful, πολλά ἐστι τὰ συμβαλλόμενα τοῖς βουλομένοις Refs 5th c.BC+; φόνου κηκὶς ξ. contributes to the proof, Refs 4th c.BC+ many things contribute [their share] of this fear, i.e. join in causing it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __10 συμβάλλεσθαι γνώμας contribute one's opinion to a discussion, Refs 5th c.BC+; λόγον σ. περὶ βίου contribute an opinion about life, Refs 5th c.BC+; also συμβαλέσθαι τι to have something to say, Refs; ταῦτά σοι περὶ Ἔρωτος σ. Refs; συμβαλοῦ γνώμην contribute your opinion, help in judging, Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. τὴν γνώμην τῆς βουλῆς, with or without εἰς τὸν δῆμον, communicate it, Refs; cast votes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II συμβάλλειν (i.e. λόγους) converse, σ. τινί or πρός τινα, NT+1st c.AD+middle, ἀτὰρ τί ἐγὼ περὶ κλοπῆς σ.; Refs 5th c.BC+ __II bring men together in hostile sense, pit them against each other, match them, ἀμφοτέρους θεοὶ σύμβαλον Refs 8th c.BC+; σ. σκύμνον λέοντος σκύλακι κυνός set one to fight with the other, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄνδρα ἀνδρὶ καὶ ἵππον ἵππῳ σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀλεκτρυόνας σ. Refs 4th c.BC+ make him contend with.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.b middle, join in fight, σὺν δ᾽ ἐβάλοντο μάχεσθαι ἐναντίον Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.c intransitive, come together, σύμβαλον μάχεσθαι Refs; also ς. alone, come to blows, engage, πρίν γ᾽ ἠὲ ξυμβλήμεναι ἠὲ δαμῆναι Refs 5th c.BC+; Ἄρης Ἄρει δυμβαλεῖ, Δίκα Δίκᾳ Refs 4th c.BC+; Ἕλληνες Μήδοις σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; συμβάλλων coming into collision, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 σ. πόλεμον καὶ δηϊοτῆτα engage in war, Refs 8th c.BC+; so in Trag., σ. βάκχαις μάχην Refs 5th c.BC+ bandy reproaches, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 middle, fall in with one, meet him, with dative, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+aorist forms beginning ξυμβλη- or συμβλη- solely in this sense, Νέστορι δὲ ξύμβληντο Refs 8th c.BC+; ὅτε κεν συμβλήσεαι (to be read -βλήεαι) αὐτῷ Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.4 so in active, συμβαλών having met, Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ συμβάλλοντες those who come in contact with one, Refs 1st c.AD+; φιλοσόφῳ σ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III compare, σμικρὰ μεγάλοισι Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἀργύριον τὸ Βαβυλώνιον πρὸς τὸ Εὐβοικὸν συμβαλλόμενον τάλαντον the Babyl. talent being compared with, reduced to, the Euboic, Refs __III.b compare for the purpose of checking, μέτρῳ συμβεβλημένῳ πρὸς τὸ χαλκοῦν Wilcken Refs 3rd c.BC+ __III.2 middle, reckon, compute, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἡ ὁδὸς ἡ ἡμερησίη ἀνὰ διηκόσια στάδια συμβέβληταί μοι Refs __III.3 conclude, infer, conjecture, interpret, συμβαλεῖν τι Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦτο σ. Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦτο σ., ὅτι.. Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ πρὶν οὐκ εὔγνωστα σ. Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, absolutely, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative, make out, understand, τὸ πρῆγμαRefsinfinitive, Refs __IV agree, arrange, καθάπερ ξυνέβαλον ἢ διέθεντο Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, make a treaty, Foed. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; agree upon, fix, settle, λόφον εἰς ὃν δέοι ἁλίζεσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+

παρά-κλητος, ον, called to one's aid, in a court of justice: as substantive, legal assistant, advocate, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 summoned, δοῦλοι Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II intercessor, NT+1st c.AD+, of the Holy Spirit, NT

ἀποδείκ-νῡμι (and ἀποδεικνύω Refs 5th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ἀποδέκνῦμι Refs 5th c.BC+future -δείξω, Ionic dialect -δέξω:— __A point away from other objects at one, and so: __A.I point out, display, make known, whether by deed or word, σφι γνώμαςRefs 5th c.BC+; proclaim, τὴν ἡμέρην “GDI” [same place];—passive, τῶν οῠρων ἀποδεχθέντωνRefs 4th c.BC+ __A.I.2 bring forward, produce, μαρτύρια τούτωνRefs 5th c.BC+participle, ὑγιέα τινὰ ἐόντα ἀ. produce him safe and sound, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.3 produce, deliver accounts, τὸν λόγονRefs __A.I.4 publish a law, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.5 appoint, assign, τέμενος ἀ. τινίRefs 5th c.BC+; τὴν τρίτην ἀ. ἐκκλησίαν to fix, prescribe it, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, τοῖσί ἐστι χῶρος ἀποδεδεγμένοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.5.b with infinitive, κώμας ὅθεν ἀπέδειξαν οἱ ἡγεμόνες λαμβάνειν τὰ ἐπιτήδεια whence they appointed that they should receive.., Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, τοῖσι ἀποδεδέχθαι.. ἕλκειν (impersonal) it had been appointed them to draw, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.I.6 show by argument, prove, demonstrate, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅτι.. Refs; πότερον.. ἢ.. Refs: with double accusative, prove one so and so, οὓς ἀποδείξω λέκτρων προδόταςRefs 5th c.BC+: followed by participle, ἀ. λόγῳ.. οὐδὲν μετεόνRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τινὰ λέγοντα οὐδέν make it evident that.., Refs __A.II show forth a person or thing as so and so, hence: __A.II.1 appoint, proclaim, create, ἀ. τινὰ στρατηγόνRefs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, στρατηγὸν εῖναιRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τούτους τὴν πόλιν νέμεινNT:—passive, to be so created, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὕπατος ἀποδεδειγμένος, = Latin consul designatus, Refs __A.II.2 make, render, mostly with an adjective, ἀ. τινὰς μοχθηροτάτους make them finished rascals, Refs 5th c.BC+: with a substantive, γέλωτα ἀ. τινάRefs: with participle, βλέποντ᾽ ἀποδείξω σ᾽ ὀξύτερον τοῦ ΛυγκέωςRefs 5th c.BC+ —passive, πολέμιοι ἀποδεδειγμένοι declared enemies, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.3 represent as, ἀ. παῖδα πατρὸς ἑωυτῶν ἕκαστον ἐόνταRefs 5th c.BC+:— passive, ἀνδραγαθίη δ᾽ αὕτη ἀποδέδεκται is represented, considered as.., Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲ.. οὗτοι ἐν τοῖσι ἄλλοισι θεοῖσι ἀποδεδέχαται have not been considered, admitted among.., Refs:—these two last examples may be passive usages of ἀποδέχομαι. __A.II.4 with infinitive, ordain a thing or person to be, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.5 dedicate, consecrate, θέατρονRefs 1st c.AD+:—passive, νεὼς ἀποδέδεικταιRefs 2nd c.AD+ __B middle, show forth, exhibit something of one's own, ἀποδέξασθαι τὴν γνώμην deliver one's opinion, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ἀρετάς display high qualities, Refs 5th c.BC+; of buildings and the like, μνημόσυνα ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδεμίαν στρατηΐην ἀ. not to have any military service to show, Refs:—passive, ἔργα μεγάλα καὶ θαυμαστὰ.. ἀποδεχθέντα Refs __B.2 middle in active sense, ἀποδεδειγμένοι ἦσαν ὅτι had declared that.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C passive, see above Refsaorist ἀπεδείχθην is always passive, as Refs 5th c.BC+; and so mostly perfect ἀποδέδειγμαι,Refs 5th c.BC+; but the participle of the latter is sometimes active, see above Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀντιλαμβάνω, receive instead of, χρυσοῦ δώματα πλήρη τᾶς ἥβας ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; mostly without a genitive, οὔτε κακοὺς εὖ δρῶν εὖ πάλιν ἀντιλάβοις receive in turn, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἀ. ἄλλην [χώραν] seize in return, get instead, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II mostly in middle, with perfect passive -είλημμαιRefs 5th c.BC+: with genitive, lay hold of, σαπροῦ πείσματος ἀντελάβουRefs 6th c.BC+; φιλίου χωρίου ἀ. gain or reach it, Refs 5th c.BC+ absolutely, -όμενος Refs 5th c.BC+. b. metaphoricallyc.genitive, lay hold of, τῆς σωτηρίας, τῆς ἐλευθερίας, τοῦ ἀσφαλοῦς, Refs; lay claim to, τοῦ θρόνουRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 help, take part with, assist, οὐκ ἀντιλήψεσθ;Refs 5th c.BC+; of persons, ἀ. Ἑλλήρων to take their part, NT+5th c.BC+passive, ἀντειλημμένη having received help, Refs __II.3 take part or share in a thing, take in hand, τῶν πραγμάτωνRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τοῦ λόγου seize on the conversation (to the interruption of the rest), Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 take hold of for the purpose of finding fault, reprehend, attack, ἡμῶνRefs 5th c.BC+; τοῦδε ἀντιλαβώμεθα let us attack the question, Refs; ἀ. ὡς ἀδύνατον.. to object that.., Refs __II.5 take fast hold of, i.e. captivate, ὁ λόγος ἀντιλαμβάνεταί μουRefs 2nd c.AD+ __II.6 of plants, take hold, Refs 4th c.BC+; of scions, unite, CPRefs __II.7 grasp with the mind, perceive, apprehend, Refs 5th c.BC+; noted as an obsol, word for συνίημι by Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III in middle also, hold back, ἵππου τῷ χαλινῷRefs 5th c.BC+; interrupt, Aud. Refs __IV active in sense of middle, Refs 3rd c.AD+

ἐπαρκ-έω, future -έσω (see. below): Epic dialect aorist infinitive ἐπαρκέσσαι Refs 3rd c.BC+:—to be strong enough for a thing, in Refs 8th c.BC+. with accusative of things et dative person, ward off something from one, οὐδέ τί οἱ τό γ᾽ ἐπήρκεσε λυγρὸν ὄλεθρον Refs 8th c.BC+prohibebit quominus.., Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 with accusative of things, ward off, prevent, ἐπαρκέσσαι κακότητα Refs 3rd c.BC+; σέ τοι μόνον δέδορκα πημονάν (Reiske for ποιμένων) ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with dative person only, help, assist, NT+6th c.BC+: absolutely, τίς ἄρ᾽ ἐπαρκέσε; who will aid? Refs 5th c.BC+ __II supply, furnish, ἄκος δ᾽ οὐδὲν ἐπἤρκεσαν, τὸ μὴ πόλιν.. παθεῖν LXX+5th c.BC+; also ἐ. τινὶ τῶν ἑαυτοῦ impart to him a share of.., Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative of things, supply with, πέπλοις Refs 5th c.BC+ __III absolutely, to be sufficient, enough, ὅσσον ἐπαρκεῖ Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐπαρκέσει νόμος ὅδ᾽ this law shall prevail, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 stand to the credit of, with dative, γενεᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+

λειτουργ-έω, earlier Attic dialect λητουργέω Refs 4th c.BC+, etc. (λειτ- 22.665.11 (3rd c.BC)): perfect λελειτούργηκα Refs 5th c.BC+ __I at Athens, serve public offices at one's own cost, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. ὑπέρ τινος serve these offices for another, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ λελειτουργημένα public services performed, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II generally, perform public duties, serve the state, τῇ πόλει Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. τῇ πόλει ταύτην τὴν λειτουργίανRefs 4th c.BC+ __III generally, serve a master, with dative, οἱ ἑνὶ λειτουργοῦντες τὰ τοιαῦτα δοῦλοι [εἰσι] Refs 4th c.BC+; λ. τρισὶν ἀνδράσιν, of a prostitute, Refs __III.2 perform religious service, minister, ἐπὶ τῶν ἱερῶν NT+1st c.BC+

ὑπηρετ-έω, future -ήσωRefs 2nd c.AD+, etc.: pluperfect ὑπηρετήκειν Refs 5th c.BC+:—properly do service on board ship, as a rower (compare ὑπηρέτης, ὑπηρεσία), Refs 3rd c.BC+:—passive, πλοῖον ὑπὸ δύο ἀνθρώπων ὑπηρετεῖσθαι δυνάμενον Refs 1st c.BC+ __II to be a servant, do service, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἄρχω, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 with dative, minister to, serve, τῷ παρόντι δαίμονι Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. τῷ χρηστηρίῳ submit to its ruling, Refs 5th c.BC+; [νόμῳ, λόγῳ], Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑ. τοῖς τρόποις humour his ways, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷδ᾽ ὑ. λόγῳ second, support it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 ὑ. τινὶ εἴς or πρός τι, Refs 5th c.BC+; also ὑ. τινί τι serve one in a thing, οἷς σὺ ταῦθ᾽ ὑπηρετεῖς Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b in financial sense, τὸν δὲ ταμίαν εἰς τὸ ἀνάλωμα ὑπηρετῆσαι Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3.c at Athens, serve as ὑπηρέτης of the Council, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.3.d in the Mithraic cult, to be a ὑπηρέτης or servitor, Refs __II.3.e render military service, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.4 absolutely, serve, be subordinate, opposed to προστάττω, Refs 4th c.BC+ adjective, etc., τὰ λοίφ᾽ ὑ. help in what remains to be done, Refs 5th c.BC+; and with cognate accusative, ὑ. τὰς διακονικὰς πράξεις Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to be done as service, τὰ ἀπ᾽ ἡμέων ἐς ὑμέας ὑπηρετέεται Refs 5th c.BC+; χρὴ σὴ τό γε ἐμὸν ὑπηρετέεσθαι that my service should be rendered, Refs 5th c.BC+—The middle occurs in late texts, as Refs 1st c.AD+; τὸ -ούμενον the retinue, Refs 1st c.AD+; future -ήσομαιRefs 3rd c.AD+; but in Refs 5th c.BC+

† [עַבְדוּת] n.f. servitude, bondage;—sf. עַבְדֻתֵנוּ Ez 9:8, 9; עַבְדֻתָם Ne 9:17 (cf. Syriac ܥܰܒܕܽܘܬܳܐ ).

βοήθ-εια, ἡ (Doric dialect βοάθοια Refs, help, aid, Refs 5th c.BC+; βοήθειαν ἔχειν πρὸς ὑγίειαν, πρὸς τὴν ἑκάστου ὑπερβολὴν μηχανᾶσθαι, Refs 4th c.BC+: nominative singular, as exclamation 'help!', NT+5th c.BC+ __2 medical aid, cure, κίνδυνος ἰσχυρότερος πάσης β. Refs 1st c.AD+ __II force of auxiliaries, ἡ παρὰ Διονυσίου β. Refs 5th c.BC+

ἐπιχορηγ-ία, ἡ, supply, provision, τῆς ἐ. γενομένης ἐκ τῶν ἱερῶν προσόδων Refs 1st c.AD+; πᾶν τὸ σῶμα..συμβιβαζόμενον διὰ πάσης ἁφῆς τῆς ἐπιχορηγίας, ={διὰ πασῶν τῶν ἐπιχορηγουσῶν ἁφῶν} (compare ἐπιχορηγέω near the end), NT

ὀφθαλμο-δουλεία, ἡ, eye-service, NT

συναντι-λαμβάνομαι, middle, help in gaining a thing, τῆς ἐλευθερίας Refs 3rd c.BC+; τῆς θεραπείας Refs 1st c.BC+; assist in supporting, τὴν ὁρμὴν τοῦ λαοῦ LXX: absolutely, render assistance, περί τινων Refs 3rd c.BC+; εἴς τι Refs 3rd c.BC+ __II with dative, take part with, help, LXX+NT

ἀμύνω [ῡ], Epic dialect imperfect ἄμῡνονRefs 8th c.BC+future ἀμῠνῶ, Ionic dialect -ῠνέωRefs 5th c.BC+: aorist 1 ἤμῡνα, Epic dialect ἄμυνα [ᾰμ] Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist 2, see at {ἀμυνάθω}:—middle, Epic dialect imperfect ἀμυνόμην Refs: future ἀμυνοῦμαι: aorist 1 ἠμυνάμην: aorist 2, see at {ἀμυνάθω}:—passive rare (see. below c):—keep off, ward off, Refs 8th c.BC+ —Construction: __1 with accusative of the person or thing to be kept off, with dative person for or from whom danger averted, Δαναοῖσιν λοιγὸν ἄμυνον ward off ruin from the Danai, Refs 8th c.BC+. b. with dative only, defend, aid, succour, ἀ. ὤρεσσι, σοῖσιν ἔτῃσι, Refs 8th c.BC+; τοιαῦτ᾽ ἀμύνεθ᾽ Ἡρακλεῖ such aid ye give to H., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. τῇ πόλει, τῷ δήμῳ, Refs 5th c.BC+ —with infinitive added, τοῖς μὲν οὐκ ἠμύνατε σωθῆναι so that they might be saved, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with accusative et genitive, Τρῶας ἄμυνε νεῶν he kept the Trojans off from the ships, Refs 8th c.BC+ defend the ships, Refs __3 absolutely, succour, χεῖρες ἀμύνειν hands to aid, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀμυνέσθω let him be driven away, Refs 5th c.BC+

ἀντί-ληψις, later ἀντί-λημψις, εως, ἡ, receiving in turn or exchange, Refs 5th c.BC+; counterclaim, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II (from middle) laying hold of in turn, reciprocation, Refs 4th c.BC+; of cultivated plants, giving a return, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a vine laying hold by its tendrils, Refs __II.b taking in hand, τοῦ λ[ε]ιτουργήματος Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.2 ={ἀντιλαβή}, hold, support, Refs 5th c.BC+; of a bandage, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. διδόναι τινί give one a handle, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.3 defence, succour, NT+2nd c.BC+ __II.4 claim to a thing, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.5 objection, Refs 5th c.BC+: in forensic oratory, plea of justification, Refs 2nd c.AD+; discussion, θεολογικὴ ἀ.Refs 4th c.AD+ __II.6 grasping with the mind, apprehension, Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐκ ἐπιστρέφει τὴν ἀ. does not attract the attention, [Refs 3rd c.AD+; of sensuous perception, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.7 of disease, seizure, attack, τῶν ἀκρωτηρίωνRefs 5th c.BC+

Included with: βοηθ-όος, Doric dialect βοᾱ-, ον, (βοή, θέω, compare βοη-δρόμος) hasting to the cry for help or the call to arms, Refs 8th c.BC+; β. ἅρμα a chariot hasting to the battle, Refs __II aiding, helping, Refs 5th c.BC+:— substantive, helper, probably Refs 3rd c.BC+:—in Prose βοηθός, όν, assisting, auxiliary, νῆες Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently as substantive, assistant, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῦ στρατηγοῦ Refs 3rd c.AD+

ἐπικουρ-ία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, aid, succour, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ποιεῖσθαί τινι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπολογίας towards one's defence, Refs; σκυτίνη 'πικ., ={ὄλισβος}, Refs __II. auxiliary force, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2. position of the ἐπίκουροι (in Plato's Republic), Refs __III. prayer for aid, entreaty, Refs 3rd c.BC+

Included with: εὐπάρεδρος, ον, constantly attending, τὸ εὐ. τῷ Κυρίῳ constant waiting on the Lord, NT+5th c.AD+

ξενο-δοκέω, Ionic dialect ξεινο-, entertain guests or strangers. Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.:—later ξενο-δοχέω, NT+1st c.BC+ __II testify, Refs 5th c.BC+:— middle, Refs 5th c.AD+

προσεδρ-εύω, sit near, wait or watch beside, πυρᾷ Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινί to be always at his side, keep watch on him, Refs 4th c.BC+; τοῖς πράγμασι, τοῖς καιροῖς, Refs 2nd c.BC+; [τοῖς ἐφήβοις] προσκαρτερῶν ἐπιμελῶς καὶ -εύων, of a κοσμητής, Refs; π. τῷ θεῷ wait upon God, Refs 1st c.AD+; attend to, τοῖς τῆς Ἀσίας πράγμασιν Refs 1st c.BC+; τῇ θεραπείᾳ τοῦ θεοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; watch the rise of the Nile, Refs 3rd c.AD+; persist in, ταῖς φιλοπονίαις Refs 4th c.BC+; apply oneself, λίαν Refs 4th c.BC+; πρὸς ἴδιον to one's own affairs,Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 besiege, ταῖς Συρακούσαις Refs 2nd c.BC+ __3 wait, προσέδρευσα ἐφ᾽ ἡμέρας δύο ἐκδεχόμενός σε Refs 2nd c.AD+; especially attend at a law-court, παρεῖναι καὶ π. τῷ βήματι Refs 3rd c.AD+; attend regularly, serve, as clerk of the court, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __4 to be in seruice, serve, πρὸς τῷ διδασκαλείῳ (as a menial), Refs 4th c.BC+; of an apprentice, π. τῷ διδασκάλῳ Refs 2nd c.AD+; of a servant, παραμένειν.. καὶ π. Refs 6th c.AD+

πρόστᾰτ-ις, ιδος, feminine of προστάτης, ἐὰν.. θέληθ᾽ ὁμοῦ προστάτισι ταῖς σεμναῖσι.. θεαῖς (Dind. for ἐὰν.. θέλητέ μου πρὸς ταῖσι ταῖς σ.) Refs 5th c.BC+; προστάτιν ἐπιγράφεσθαί τινα Refs 2nd c.AD+; τὴν ἰδίαν π., of Rhea, probably in Refs

συνυπουργέω, join in serving, co-operate with, τινι NT+5th c.BC+

† [נְתִינִין] n.m.pl. Nethinîn (prob. loan-word from BH נְתִינִים, √ נָתַן);—servants of sanctuary, emph. נְתִינַיָּא Ezr 7:24.

† [סְעַד] vb. Pa. support, sustain (𝔗 Zinj.; v. BH);—Pt. act. pl. מְסַעֲדִין לְהוֹן Ezr 5:2.

† I. [עָדַר] vb. prob. (si vera l.) help (Aramaic loan-word, Syriac ܥܕܰܪ, 𝔗 עֲדַר (rare) = Heb. עזר q.v.; > Thes, assuming meaning arrange, order);— Qal Inf. cstr. לַעֲדֹר 1 Ch 12:34 (Baer Ginsb; van d. H. v 33; this meaning also 𝔊 𝔙); but לַעֲוֹר (cf. v 18, 22, 23. van d. H. v 17, 21, 22), so Kau Buhl; Pt. pl. cstr. עֹדְרֵי מַעֲרָכָה v 39 (van d. H. v 38), read עֹרְכֵי (q.v. v 34) 𝔊 Kau; see עָרַךְ" dir="rtl" >ערך.

† [עוּשׁ] vb. si vera l., lend aid, come to help (Arabic غَاثَ iv. aid, succour; Sab. עֿותֿ n. help, Sab Denkm 91; Nab. Sin. עות in n.pr. Lzb 337 Cook 90);— Qal Imv. mpl. עוּשׁוּ וָבֹאוּ Jo 4:11 but dub.; Gr Dr, plausibly, חוּשׁוּ; Che Expos., Nov. 1897, 365 גְּשׁוּ (√ נגשׁ); עוּרוּ We Now.

† II. [שְׁמַשׁ] vb. Pa. minister (𝔗 Pa. id., תַּשְׁמִישׁ use; Palm. שמש, תשמיש, SAC 114, cf. 122 Lzb 379; Syriac ܫܰܡܶܫ, ܬܶܫܡܶܫܬܳܐ; Chr-Pal. ܫܡܫ Pa, ܬܫܡܫ; NH שִׁמֵּשׁ, תַּשְׁמ��ישׁ; Egyptian šms, servant, Kopt. šemše, cf. WMM in Buhl 14);—Impf. 3 mpl. sf. יְשַׁמְּשׁוּנֵּהּ Dn 7:10 were ministering to him.