Be, Become, Exist, Happen

הָיָה3570 vb. fall out, come to pass, become, be (SI 1.6 היה, ib.3 הית; parallel form of הוה, Arabic هَوَى, Aramaic הֲוָא, ܗܘܳܐ; v. הָוָה supr.)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. הָיָה Gn 3:1 +; וְהָיָה consec. Gn 4:14 +; 3 fs. הָֽיְתָה Gn 1:2 +; הָיָתָ֑ה Is 14:24 + 3 times; וְהָֽיְתָה consec. Gn 9:13 +; והית 2 K 9:37 Kt (Qr וְהָיְתָה); 2 ms. הָיִיתָ Dt 5:15 +; 1 s. הָיִיתִי Gn 31:40; 3 pl. הָיוּ Gn 6:4 +; 2 mpl. הֱיִיתֶם Ex 22:20 +; וִהְיִיתֶם consec. Gn 3:5 +; 1 pl. הָיִינוּ Is 1:9 +; etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִהְיֶה Gn 1:29 +; juss. יְהִי Gn 1:3 +; יֶהִ֑י Ez 16:15; וִיהִי Gn 1:6 +; וַיְהִי Gn 1:3 +; וַיֶּהִ֑י ψ 33:9 Ez 16:19; 3 fs. תִּהְיֶה Gn 21:30 +; 1 s. אֶהְיֶה Ex 3:12 +; וָאֶהְיֶה 2 S 7:6 + 9 times; וָאֱהִי Ju 18:4 + 12 times; 3 mpl. יִהְיוּ Gn 6:19 +; 3 fpl. תִּהְיֶינָה Is 16:2 + 19 times; תִּהְיֶיןָ Gn 41:36 + 11 times; וְתִהְיֶנָה Je 18:21; 48:6; וַתִּהְיֶינָה 2 S 20:3 + 6 times; וַתִּהְיֶיןָ Gn 26:35; 1 S 25:43; וַתִּהְיֶנָה 1 Ch 7:15; 2 mpl. תִּהְיוּ Gn 34:15 +; תִּהְיוּן Ex 22:20; 1 pl. נִהְיֶה Gn 38:23 +; וַנִּהְיֶה 2 S 11:23; Je 44:17; וַנְּהִי Nu 13:33; Is 64:5, etc.; Imv. ms. הֱיֵה Ex 18:19 +; fs. הֲיִי Gn 24:60; mpl. הֱיוּ Ex 19:15; Nu 16:16, וִהְיוּ 1 S 4:9 + 6 times; Inf. abs. הָיוֹ Gn 18:18 + 3 times; הָיֹה 1 K 13:32 Ez 1:3; cstr. הֱיוֹת Gn 2:18 +, so read prob. also for הֱיֵה Ez 21:15 cf. Sm Köi p. 600 f. (Co em. היה־לה to הָהֵל shine, glitter); with pref. בִּהְיוֹת Ex 5:13 +, בִּהְיֹת Ex 19:16 +; לִהְיוֹת Gn 10:8 +, לִהְיֹת Ex 23:1 +; sf. הֱיוֹתִי Jon 4:2; הֱיוֹתְךָ Ju 18:19(×2); לִהְיֹתְךָ Dt 26:19, etc.; Pt. f. הוֹיָה Ex 9:3. I. 1. a. Fall out, happen מֶה־הָיָה הַדָּבָר 1 S 4:16 how has the matter fallen out, (gone, turned out)? so 2 S 1:4; מֶה־הָיָה לוֹ Ex 32:1, 23 (both JE) what has happened to him? cf. 1 S 10:12; מִקְרֶה הוּא הָיָה לָנוּ 1 S 6:9 a chance it is that has befallen us; also וַיְהִי־לוֹ כֵּן 2 K 7:20 and so it happened to him, cf. וַיְהִי־כֵן infr. b. occur, take place, come about, come to pass:—מַגֵּפָה גְדוֹלָה הָֽיְתָה בָּעָם 1 S 4:17 a great slaughter has taken place among the people, cf. 2 S 17:9; הַמִּלְחָמָה בְּיַעַר אֶפְרַיִם וַתְּהִי 2 S 18:6 and the battle took place in the wood of Ephraim (on אפרים cf. Klo Dr); Jos 22:17 (P; of plague); תְּהִי נָא אָלָה Gn 26:28 (J) let an oath take place (be taken) so Ju 21:5; cf. 2 K 17:7 (si vera l.), Ez 16:34; especially late, 2 Ch 29:36; 32:31; Ec 1:9, 10; 3:22; 8:7; 10:14 etc.; often of fulfilment of prediction, command, expectation, etc.:—כֵּן הָיָה Gn 41:3 (E) so it came to pass, 2 S 13:25, וַיְהִי־כֵן Ju 6:38 2 K 15:12 Is 29:5, & especially וַיְהִי־כֵן Gn 1:7, 9, 11, 15, 24, 30 (all P) +; יְהִי כִדְבָרֶ֑ךָ Gn 30:34 let it be as thou sayest, Zc 6:15, v. also לֹא תָקוּם וְלֹא יִהְיֶה Is 7:7 it shall not arise (be realized) & shall not come about, 14:24; (so often בּוֹא q.v. 2 c, p. 98 supr.) 2. especially & very often, come about, come to pass sq. substantive (subj.) cl. almost always + modifying (usually temporal) cl. or phr.: a. (1) וַיְהִי and it came to pass that, most often (c. 292 times) foll. by (a) Impf. consec.: α. with Inf. c. כְּ temp. Gn 12:14; 19:17 (both J) + 75 times + Est 3:4 Qr (Hex chiefly J,—so always Gn,—& JE; P only Ex 16:10, D only Dt 5:20; 31:24 Jos 5:1; 9:1; 27 times in K),—somewhat diff. is 2 K 7:18; β. with Inf. c. בְּ Gn 4:8; 11:2 (both J) + 29 times + Est 3:4 Kt (in Hex 10 times JE; 3 times P, Gn 19:29; Ex 34:29; Nu 17:7; not in D); γ. with בְּ sq. nom. temp. (יוֹם, בֹּקֶר, etc.) Gn 21:22 (E) 26:32 (J) + 45 times (Hex 14 times JE; 3 times P, Ex 6:28; 16:13 Nu 7:1; not D); δ. לְ temp. 1 S 1:20; 2 S 13:23; 1 K 20:26; 1 Ch 20:1; ε. כְּ temp. Gn 39:11 1 S 25:38; ζ. מִן temp. viz.: מֵאָז Gn 39:5, מִיּוֹם 1 S 7:2 cf. 30:25, מִיָּמִים Ju 11:4; 15:1, מִקֵּץ Gn 4:3; 8:6 + 6 times, מִקְצֵה Jos 3:2 2 K 8:3 Ez 3:16, especially מִמָּחֳרָת Gn 19:34 Ex 18:13 + 11 times; η. כַּאֲשֶׁר temp. Gn 12:11 (J) 20:13 (E) + 31 times (Hex 13 times JE, Dt 2:16, not P), characteristic of Neh.’s memoirs, †Ne 3:33; 4:1, 6, 9; 6:1, 16; 7:1; 13:19; θ. with כִּי temp. Gn 6:1 (J) Ex 3:21 (E) + 14 times + Ju 16:25 Kt; ι. אַחֲרֵי temp. Gn 22:20 (J) + 13 times, אַחַר Gn 39:7 Jb 42:7, אַחֲרֵי־כֵן Ju 16:4 + 6 times; κ. sq. עַד temp. 1 S 14:19 (on which cf. Dr); comp. עַד־כֹּה וְעַד־כֹּה 1 K 18:45; λ. with combinations; as בְּ c. nom. temp. + בְּ Inf. Gn 34:25 Ex 19:16 1 S 25:37; בְּ Inf. + כְּ Inf. Jos 3:14; double prep. כְּמִשְּׁלשׁ חֳדָשִׁים Gn 38:24; מִקְצֵה + אַחֲרֵי אֲשֶׁר Jos 9:16; מִיָּמִים + id. 23:1; μ. other unusual constructions under this head are: those where temporal idea is expr. by a circumst. cl. Is 22:7 1 K 13:20 2 K 8:21 (Dr§ 165, & Obs.) = 2 Ch 21:9; those with indef. כֹּל 1 S 10:11; 2 S 2:23; 15:2, or with pt. = rel. cl. 1 S 11:1 (on all v. Dr§ 78 n. & Sm); quite unique is 1 K 16:31, with הֲנָקֵל לֶכְתּוֹ וגו׳ in place of temp. cl. (b) וַיְהִי sometimes sq. simple Pf., with a negative Gn 39:10 (c. כְּ Inf.), Ex 13:17 (c. בְּ Inf.) 2 K 12:7; 17:25 (both c. בְּ temp.); & without neg., Gn 8:13 (P) 14:1 +, usually c. בְּ temp. (38 times), Hex chiefly P; rarely c. other prep. & adv. as above; note especially מִדֵּי sq. Inf. 1 S 18:20 2 Ch 12:11; sometimes the subj. of foll. Pf. precedes it c. וְ, as Gn 22:1; 41:1; 1 S 18:19; 30:1; 2 K 2:9; 4:40 +; note especially 2 S 17:27 where several subj. & also several objects precede the Pf. (cf. Dr); in these cases the temporal modifier is occasionally a circumst. cl. 2 S 13:30; 1 K 8:10; 2 K 19:37 = Is 37:38; rarely subj. precedes Pf. without וְ 1 K 11:4; 21:1, comp. subj. preceding Pt. without וְ Ne 4:10; in 2 Ch 8:1 the obj. (with וְ) precedes what is appar. the principal vb. (c) וַיְהִי sq. וְהִנֵּה Gn 24:15 (J; טֶרֶם in temp. cl.), 29:25 (E), 38:27 (J, both בְּ temp.) v 29 (כְּ Pt.), 1 S 13:10 (כְּ Inf.); also 2 S 1:2; 13:36; 15:32 (circumst. cl.) 2 K 2:11 (id.), 3:20, 13:21 (circumst. cl.). (d) rarely וַיְהִי (in this sense) sq. other constructions: אָז יִתֵּן 1 K 9:10 (c. מִקְצֵה); Impf. frequentat. 14:28 (c. מִדֵּי־בֹּא, 2 K 4:8 (c. מִדֵּי עָבְרוֹ) Je 36:23 (c. כְּ Inf.); Pf. consec. frequentat. 2 Ch 24:11 (c. בְּ temp.). (2) really also Pf. c. וְ conj. וְהָיָה (cf. Dr§ 133) sq. Impf. consec. as subj. cl.: 1 S 1:12 (c. several circumst. cl.), 10:9 (c. כְּ Inf.) 2 K 3:15 (id.), 1 S 17:48 (c. כִּי), Je 37:11 (c. בְּ Inf.), Am 7:2 (c. אִם temp.); also Je 3:9 (appar. c. מִן causat., but obscure); 1 S 13:22 (c. בְּ temp.) is foll. by וְלֹא & Pf. as well as Impf. consec. b. less often וְהָיָה Pf. consec. and it shall come to pass, or frequentat., came to pass (repeatedly, etc.) usually (a) sq. simple Impf. (c. 100 times): α. c. בְּ temp. Dt 21:16; 25:19 + 37 times, (especially בַּיּוֹם הַהוּא Ho 2:18, 23 Is 7:18, 21, 23 + 21 times); β. c. בְּ loc. Ez 47:23 Zc 13:8 cf. also Ho 2:1 (בִּמְקוֹם אֲשֶׁר, but perhaps = instead of, cf. VB); γ. c. indef. rel. cl., or its equiv. (כֹּל indef., etc.), cf. Dr§ 121, Obs. 1: Gn 4:14; Nu 17:20; Dt 12:11; 18:19; Jos 7:14, 15; Ju 7:4; 1 S 2:36; 17:25; 2 S 15:35; 1 K 19:17; 20:6; Is 4:3; 24:18; Na 3:7; Je 27:8; 42:4; Ez 47:9; Zc 14:17; Jo 3:5; δ. c. כַּאֲשֶׁר Nu 33:56; Dt 28:63; Jos 23:15; Ju 7:17; Is 29:8; Je 31:28; Zc 8:13; ε. less often with other modif. phr.: כְּ Inf. Ex 33:8, 9 (both frequentat.), Jos 3:13; 8:8; Je 25:12; 51:63; בְּ Inf. Gn 9:14 (P) 2 K 4:10; Ez 44:17; אִם condit. Dt 20:11 (+ v 11 Dr§ 118 n.), also Jos 22:18, where the arrangement is peculiar, & the condit. is expressed without אִם (cf. Dr§ 155); לְ temp. Dt 23:12; מִקֵּץ Is 23:17; טֶרֶם Is 65:24; מִדֵּי חֹדֶשׁ בְּחָדְשׁוֹ Is 66:23, etc. (b) וְהָיָה sq. Pf. consec. (c. 85 times): α. most often + cl. c. כִּי temp. Gn 12:12; 46:33 (both J) Ex 1:10 (E) Dt 11:29; Is 8:21 + 25 times; β. c. אִם Ex 4:8, 9 Nu 15:24; Dt 11:13 + 14 times; also Gn 38:9; Nu 21:9 (both frequentat.); γ. c. בְּ temp. Gn 30:41 (frequentat.) 47:24 (but cf. Ol Di) Ex 16:5 + 11 times; δ. c. indef. rel. cl. or equivalent (Dr§ 121 Obs. 1): Gn 24:14; Nu 10:32 (Dr§ 118 n.) 21:18; Dt 21:3 Ju 11:31; 19:30; Zc 14:16; ε. occas. with other modif. phr.: כַּאֲשֶׁר Gn 27:40 +; כְּ Inf. Gn 44:31 +; בְּ Inf. Ex 33:22 +; מִקֵּץ 2 S 14:26; עֵקֶב causat. Dt 7:12; also (c) sq. וְלֹא + simple Impf. Ex 3:21 (c. כִּי temp.). (d) וְהָיָה sq. Imv. (very rare) Dt 6:10 (c. כִּי temp.), 1 S 10:7 (c. כִּי), cf. 29:10, cf. Pf. consec. in command 1 S 3:9 (c. אִם). (e) וְהָיָה sq. simple Pf. (also very rare) Dt 8:19 (c. אִם). (f) וְהָיָה sq. cl. without vb.: Gn 24:43 Jos 2:19 1 K 18:24 (all c. indef. rel. modifier, or equiv., v. (a) γ, (b) δ, supr.). (g) וְהָיָה (ו conj.) sq. Impf. consec. v. a. (e) supr. II. Come into being, become:— 1. a. abs., in lively narrative, arise, appear, come וַתְּהִי צְעָקָה גְדֹלָה Ex 12:30 (J) and there arose a great cry in Egypt; וַיְהִי־קוֹל Ez 1:25 (del. Co cf. Da), 37:7 (del. קוֹל 𝔊 Co); כִּי הָֽיְתָה הָֽרְוָחָה Ex 8:11 (J) Pharaoh saw that respite had come; Mi 7:4 now shall come their confusion (‖ בוא); also of concrete objects וְהָֽיְתָה הַקֶּשֶׁת בֶּעָנָן Gn 9:16 (P) and the bow shall appear in the clouds (‖ וְנִרְאֲתָה); וְרִמָּה לֹא הָֽיְתָה בּוֹ Ex 16:24 (P) and worms did not appear in it; of condition or action begun & continuing, as: famine Gn 12:10; 26:1, 1 (all J), 41:54 (E), Ru 1:1; 2 S 21:1; 2 K 6:25; strife Gn 13:7, 8 (J), Hb 1:3 (‖ מָדוֹן יִשָּׂא); often of action of the elements, as the coming of hail Ex 9:18, 24, 26 (all J), thunder & lightning, etc., Ex 19:16 (E), rain 1 K 18:45, storm Jon 1:4; especially of creative fiats יְהִי אוֹר וַיְהִי אוֹר Gn 1:3 let light appear, and light appeared, cf. v 5, 8, 13, 19, 23, 31 (all P); also arise, come on the stage or scene, וְאַחֲרָיו הָיָה שַׁמְגַּר Ju 3:31 and after him arose Shamgar (= וַיָּקָם 10:1); further וַעֲלָטָה הָיָה Gn 15:17 (JE) and darkness came on; הַבֹּקֶר הָיָה Ex 10:13 (J) the morning came, 19:16 (E); וַיְהִי הַיּוֹם †1 S 1:4 and the day came, when (v. Dr), 14:1 2 K 4:8, 11, 18 Jb 1:6, 13; 2:1. b. sq. prep.: בְּ, וְיָדֵנוּ אַל־תְּהִי־בוֹ (Gn 37:27 (J) but out hand, let it not come upon him, of hand of י׳ 1 S 5:9; 7:13; 12:15 + (all in hostile sense); וַיְהִי בִּרְכַּת י׳ בְּכָל־אֲשֶׁר יֶשׁ־לוֹ Gn 39:5 (J) and the blessing of י׳ came into (on) all that he had; but also of plague Ex 12:13 (P); sq. עַל, וּמֵי הַמַּבּוּל הָיוּ עַל־הָאָרֶץ Gn 7:10 (J) that the waters of the flood came upon the earth; עָלַי הָיוּ כֻלָּ֑נָה Gn 42:36 (E) Gn 9:2 (P) fear shall come upon, cf. 35:5 (P) 2 Ch 14:13; 17:10; 20:29 +; of wrath Jos 22:20 1 K 3:27; so of Saul’s evil spirit from God 1 S 16:16, 23; 19:9 (אֶל); but sq. עַל also in good sense וַתְּהִי עָלָיו רוּחַ י׳ conferring strength & efficiency Ju 3:10; 11:29 (היה = צלח Ju 14:6 + often), cf. Nu 24:2 (JE) of prophetic power; (on וַתְּהִי עָלָיו יַד י׳ 2 K 3:15 Ez 3:22 and the like, vid. יָד); יַד אֱלֹהֵינוּ הָֽיְתָה עָלֵינוּ Ezr 8:31, so ψ 80:18; even וַתְּהִי עַל־רֹאשׁ דָּוִד 2 S 12:30 and it (the crown, עֲטֶרֶת) came (i.e. was put, set) on David’s head; with a diff. meaning וַנִּהְיֶה עֲלֵיהֶם עַד־פֶּתַח הַשָּׁ֑עַר 2 S 11:23 and we were close upon them even to the gateway (cf. We Dr); come, go, follow (sq. אַחֲרֵי) i.e. take the side of, adhere to, Ex 23:2 (JE) 1 S 12:14 2 S 2:10 1 K 12:20; 16:21; sq. לְ, of blessings Gn 49:26 (poem); of judgment, punishment Je 40:3; especially ויהי דבר … אֶל and the word of … came unto: word of Samuel 1 S 4:1; usually word of God (or י׳) Gn 15:1 1 S 15:10 +; constantly in prophets: Ho 1:1 Mi 1:1 etc.; especially Je & Ez: Je 1:4, 11, 13; 2:1; 13:8 +; Ez 3:16; 6:1; 7:1; 11:14, 17, 21, 26, 12:1, 8;+; so also abs. הָיָה הַמַּשָּׂא הַזֶּה Is 14:28 in the death-year of king Ahaz came this utterance; also sq. מִן; מַלְכֵי עַמִּים מִמֶּנָּה יִהְיוּ Gn 17:16 (P), וּקְהַל גּוֹיִם יִהְיֶה מִמֶּ֑ךָּ 35:11 (P), וְהָיָה אַדִּירוֹ מִמֶּנּוּ Je 30:21 (‖ מִקִּרְבּוֹ יֵצֵא); הַכֹּל הָיָה מִן־הֶעָפָר וְהַכֹּל שָׁב אֶל הֶעָפָר Ec 3:20 all came from the dust, & all return unto the dust; וַיְהִי קֶצֶף גָּדוֹל מֵאֵת י׳ צְבָאוֹת Zc 7:12. 2. become: a. sq. pred. noun (to be viewed as implicit accus. Dr§ 161, 3 n. according to the Arabic usage WAG ii, § 41.44.74): הִוא הָֽיְתָה אֵם כָּל־חָ֑י Gn 3:20 (J) it was she that became the mother of all living; וַיְהִי הֶבֶל רֹעֵה צֹאן וְקַיִן הָיָה עֹבֵד אֲדָמָה 4:2 (J) and Abel became a shepherd of flocks, while Cain became a tiller of ground; 2 S 8:14 Mi 2:11 + often b. sq. pred. adj. Gn 38:7; Ex 36:13 +; cf. Gn 37:20 let us see what his dream will become (turn out to be, signify); c. become like (כְּ), וִהְיִיתֶם כֵּאלֹהִים Gn 3:5 and ye shall become like gods cf. v 22, Nu 11:1 (JE), Ho 2:1; 7:11; Is 9:18; 1 K 7:8; Zc 9:7 +; cf. Gn 15:5 so (כֹּה) shall thy seed become; specif. of likeness in punishment Is 1:9 1 S 17:36 +; also with כְּ repeated וְהָיָה כָעָם כַּכֹּהֵן Ho 4:9 and the people shall become like the priest (lit., and the like of the people shall become the like of the priest), so especially Is 24:2 (6 pairs of words as above); וְהָיָה כַצַּדִּיק כָּרָשָׁע Gn 18:25 (J), v. כְּ" dir="rtl" >כְּ. b + c Gn 27:23 his hands had become like the hands of Esau his brother, hairy. d. sq. pred. + לְ pers. וּתְהִי אִשָּׁה לְבֶן־אֲדֹנֶיךָ Gn 24:51 (J) and let her become wife to the son of thy lord, 1 S 16:21; 1 K 11:25 ψ 89:42; 1 Ch 18:6 +; = be instituted, established, וְהָיָה לָהֶם חָק־עוֹלָם Ex 30:21 (P) and it shall be established for them as a perpetual ordinance (cf. f infr.). e. sq. לְ pred.: וַיְהִי הָאָדָם לְנֶפֶשׁ חַיָּה Gn 2:7 (J) and the man became a living soul; וְהָיָה לְאַרְבָּעָה רָאשִׁים Gn 2:10 (J) and it became four heads; גַּם־הוּא יִהְיֶה־לְעָם Gn 48:19 (J) he too shall become a people; וִהְיוּ לַאֲנָשִׁים 1 S 4:9 and become (shew yourselves to be) men (‖ הִתְחַזְּקוּ; cf. with double לְ, f infr.); Zp 1:13; Ez 17:6; 47:12; Jb 16:8; וְהָיָה י׳ לְמֶלֶךְ עַל־כָּל־הָאָרֶץ Zc 14:9; וַיְהִי לְמַס עֹבֵד †Gn 49:15; Jos 16:10; so often; also in sense of turn into, be changed so as to become, וַיְהִי לְנָחָשׁ Ex 4:3 and it became a serpent, v 4; 7:10; Is 1:22; Dt 26:5 +; fig. וַיְהִי לְמָ֑יִם Jos 7:5 and it (their heart) turned to water, so וְהוּא הָיָה לְאֶבֶן 1 S 25:37; or, serve as וְהָיוּ לִמְאוֹרֹת Gn 1:15 (P) and they shall become (fulfil the function of, serve as) luminaries, cf. v 14; וְהָיָה לְאוֹת בְּרִית Gn 9:13; 17:11 (both P). f. often c. לְ pred. + לְ pers.: וַתְּהִי לָהֶם הַלְּבֵנָה לְאָ֑בֶן Gn 11:3 (J) and the bricks became (served as) stone for them; וַתְּהִי לִי לְאִשָּׁה Gn 20:12 (E) cf. 24:67 (J) +, וַתִּהְיֶינָה מַחְלָה וְחָגְלָה … לַבְנֵי דֹדֵיהֶן לְנָשִׁים Nu 36:11; וְהָיָה לְךָ וְלָהֶם לְאָכְלָה 6:21 (P), Ex 2:10; 15:2 Ju 8:27; וְהָיָה י׳ לִי לֵאלֹהִים Gn 28:21 (E); אֲנִי אֶהְיֶה לוֹ לְאָב וְהוּא יִהְיֶה־לִי לְבֵן 1 Ch 17:3 +; = shew or prove oneself as הֱיֵה־לִי לְבֶן־חַיִל 1 S 18:17 shew thyself for me a valiant man (cf. 1 S 4:9 e supr.); = be instituted, established (cf. e supr.) וְהָיָה לְאַהֲרֹן וּלְבָנָיו לְחָק־עוֹלָם Ex 29:28 and it shall be instituted for Aaron and his sons as a perpetual ordinance; cf. v 9 Lv 10:15; וְהָֽיְתָה לִהְיֹת לָהֶם מָשְׁחָתָם לִכְהֻנַּת עוֹלָם לְדֹרֹתָם Ex 40:15 (all P). g. with עַל and לְ 1 S 22:2 וַיְהִי עֲלֵיהֶם לְשָׂר and he became over them prince. h. sometimes c. לְ pers. only = become the property of, come into the possession of וַיְהִי־לוֹ צֹאן־וּבָקָר וְגו׳ Gn 12:16 (J), and he came to have flocks and herds etc., 26:14; 30:43; לֹא לוֹ יִהְיֶה הַזָּ֑רַע Gn 38:9 not his should the seed become; וְהָיָה לי׳ Ju 11:31 it shall become Yahweh’s; Dt 10:9; Jos 13:29; 1 K 10:26; 11:3 + often; so of a woman, as wife תְּהִי־נָא לְךָ Ju 15:2 pray let her become thine, cf. also וַתְּהִי אֵשֶׁת שִׁמְשׁוֹן לְמֵרֵעֵהוּ 14:20, Ho 3:3 Ru 1:13 Lv 21:3; Dt 24:2; Je 3:1; Ez 16:8 (and also + לְאִשָּׁה, לְנָשִׁים v. f supr.) III. Be (often with subordinate idea of becoming);— 1. exist, be in existence (i.e. orig. have come into existence), כָּל־הַיָּמִים אֲשֶׁר הָיָה 1 S 1:28 all the days which he shall have been (lived, = חַי Gn 5:5 etc., cf. DrSm), Jb 3:16, Is 23:13; often c. בְּ loc. וְכֹל שִׂיחַ הַשָּׂדֶה טֶרֶם יִהְיֶה בָאָרֶץ Gn 2:5 (J) and there was not yet in the earth any shrub of the field; וּבְאֵלֶּה לֹא הָיָה אִישׁ וגו׳ Nu 26:64 (P) and among them there was not a man to be found, etc.; also וְלֹא הָיָה כַּיּוֹם הַהוּא לְפָנָיו וְאַחֲרָיו Jos 10:14 (JE) & there hath not been a day like that before it nor since, cf. 2 S 14:25; 1 K 18:5; 21:25; 2 K 23:25; Ne 13:26 +; somewhat weaker, in the freq. introductory clause וַיְהִי אִישׁ now there was a man Ju 13:2; 1 S 1:1; 9:1; Nu 9:6 (P), Jb 1:1 +; on אֶהְיֶה אֲשֶׁר אֶהְיֶה Ex 3:14 v. יהוה" dir="rtl" >יהוֹה. 2. abide, remain, continue (with word of place or time) וַיְהִי מֹשֶׁה בָּהָר Ex 24:18 and Moses remained in the mount forty days, etc., so 34:28 (both JE), Ju 17:4, 12 1 S 6:1 1 K 11:20 2 K 11:3 = 2 Ch 22:12 +; also Lv 22:27; 25:28 (both H), etc.; sq. עַד temp. remain until Dt 22:2 1 K 11:40; 2 K 15:5; 2 Ch 5:9; 26:21; Dn 1:21 etc.; cf. הוּא יִהְיֶה לְעוֹלָם Ec 3:14; so also of space sq. עַד extend unto, as far as, Jos 19:10: of net beneath altar, Ex 27:5 shall reach as far as (עַד) the middle of the altar. 3. with word of locality, be in or at a place, be situated, stand, lie; בִּהְיוֹתָם בַּשָּׂדֶה Gn 4:8 (J) when they were in the field, הַמָּקוֹם אֲשֶׁר־הָיָה שָׁם אָהֳלֹה בַּתְּחִלָּה 13:3 (J) the place where his tent had stood at first; וְהָאָרֶץ תִּהְיֶה לִפְנֵיכֶם 34:10 and the land, it lieth before you; cf. Jos 19:1; Ju 7:1, 8; Mi 5:6, 7; sq. עַל be, be found or situated upon Is 30:25 and there shall be upon every high mountain etc., streams, water-courses; Ez 37:27 and my dwelling-place shall be over them; fig. of guilt וְהָיָה עָלָיךָ דָּמִים Dt 19:10 and blood (-guilt) be upon thee. 4. as copula, joining subj. & pred.:— a. sq. pred. adj. וַיִּהְיוּ שְׁנֵיהֶם עֲרוּמִּים Gn 2:25, וְהַנָּחָשׁ הָיָה עָרוּם 3:1, בִּהְיוֹתָם כֹּאֲבִים 34:25, וַיְהִי יוֹסֵף יְפֵה־תֹאַר 39:6; Dt 23:15; Jos 19:9; Ju 11:1; Jb 1:1, 3b 2 Ch 7:21. b. sq. pred. noun Gn 1:2; 9:18; 25:3; 36:14; 40:13; 1 S 17:34, 42 2 S 8:10; 20:26; 1 K 10:6; 2 K 3:4; 5:1(×2) 1 Ch 9:20; 11:20; 18:10; 26:10; 2 Ch 13:7; כִּי לֹא־הָיָה מֶלֶךְ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 Ch 18:32 (‖ 1 K 22:33 כִּי־לֹא־מֶלֶךְ ישׂראל הוּא) +; often of age: וַיְהִי אַבְרָם בֶּן־תִּשְׁעִים שָׁנָה וְתֵשַׁע שָׁנִים Gn 17:1 (P) 2 K 8:17; 14:2; 15:2, 33; 18:2; 2 Ch 21:20; 27:8 +; sq. pred. Inf. abs. (very anomal.) וְהַמַּיִם הָיוּ הָלוֹךְ וְחָסוֹר Gn 8:5; = amount to, come to, in enum. of days of life, number of people, amounts of money, etc.: Gn 5:4, 5, 8, 11, 14; 9:29; 11:32; 23:1 +; Ex 38:24 Nu 1:46, etc. c. sq. adv. & adverbial phr.: לֹא־טוֹב הֱיוֹת הָאָדָם לְבַדּוֹ Gn 2:18 (J) it is not good that the man be alone; חָדַל לִהְיוֹת לְשָׂרָה אֹרַח כַּנָּשִׁים 18:11 (J). d. sq. prep.: (a) be with, accompany c. עִם, subj. most often י׳ or אלהים with added idea of protection, aid Gn 26:3; 31:3; 39:10; 48:21 Jos 1:3; 6:27; Ju 1:19; 2:18; 1 S 3:19; 18:12; 20:13; 1 K 1:37; 1 Ch 11:13; 2 Ch 17:3; sq. עִמָּדִי Gn 28:20; 31:5; 35:3; sq. עִם, human subj., of accompaniment וְהָיָה הַכֹּהֵן בֶּן־אַהֲרֹן עִם־הַלְוִיִּם Ne 10:39; 1 Ch 11:12, read also in ‖ 2 S 23:9 (Th We Dr); = be on the side of 1 K 1:8; c. עִם also = be near וּמַלְאַךְ י׳ הָיָה עִם־גֹּרֶן האורנה 2 S 24:16 (cf. Dr); also 2 S 13:20 implying sexual intercourse, so Gn 39:10 (perhaps gloss, cf. Di); peculiar uses with עִם are: וּדְבַר־אַבְנֵר הָיָה עִם־זִקְנֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 S 3:17 and the speech of A. had been with the elders of Isr., cf. 1 K 1:7; וַיְהִי עִם־לְבַב דָּוִד אָבִי לִבְנוֹת 1 K 8:17 and it was with (i.e. in) the heart of David my father to build, = 2 Ch 6:7 cf. 1 K 8:18(×2) 1 Ch 22:7; 2 Ch 6:8(×2); 24:4; also 1 K 10:2 = 2 Ch 9:1; (b) be with, sq. אֶת, subj. י׳, אלהים, Gn 21:20; 39:2, 21 but also c. human subj. וּבָנָיו הָיוּ אֶת־מִקְנֵהוּ Gn 34:5, cf. 1 S 29:3 +; (c) sq. לְ of possessor כֶּרֶם הָיָה לִידִדִי Is 5:1 a vineyard had my beloved, Gn 30:30 cf. Ex 20:3 = Dt 5:7, Ju 18:27; 1 S 9:2; 1 K 5:6 + often (cf. I. 2 d, f, h); (d) sq. לְ + other prep.: of boundary וַיְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל מֵעֲרוֹעֵר Jos 13:16, cf. וַיְהִי גְבוּלָם מִמַּחֲנַיִם v 30; וַיְהִי לָהֶם הַגְּבוּל לִפְאַת צָפוֹנָה מִיַּרְדֵּן 18:12, etc.; (e) sq. בְּ be among, or of, Am 1:1 who was one of the herdsmen, 1 K 2:7 let them be among those eating, Pr 22:26; 23:20. 5. periphrastic conjug.: a. היה + pt., of continuous state, or condition, sometimes, especially late (cf. NH), of habit, c. וַיְה��י also of beginning and continuance (cf. Dr§ 135, (5)): pt. act. Gn 39:22 (J), Ex 3:1 (E), 1 S 2:11; 7:10; 18:9 (cf. Dr) v 14, 29 2 S 8:15 = 1 Ch 18:14, Dt 28:29; Is 30:20; 1 K 5:1, 15, 24 2 K 6:5; 9:14; 2 Ch 9:26; Ezr 4:4; Ne 1:4, 2:13; Dn 1:16 +; Gn 1:6 (P); הָיָה יָרֵא אֶת־י׳ 1 K 18:3; 2 K 4:1; 2 Ch 26:1; pt. pass. Jos 10:26; 1 K 13:24; 22:35 וְהַמֶּלֶךְ הָיָה מָעֳמָד בַּמֶּרְכָּבָה (‖ 2 Ch 18:34 הָיָה מַעֲמִיד), Is 2:2 = Mi 4:1, וְהָיָה סָגוּר Ez 44:2, ה׳ נַעֲשֶׂה Ne 5:18, וְאָהוּב לֵאלֹהָיו ה׳ 13:26;—on 2 S 13:32 cf. Dr b. sq. Inf. c. לְ (Dr§ 203, 204): וְהָיָה לְבָעֵר Is 5:5 and it shall be to burn (is to be, is destined to be burned) etc.; וַיְהִי הַשֶּׁמֶשׁ לָבוֹא Gn 15:12 and the sun was about to set; וַיְהִי הַשַּׁעַר לִסְגּוֹר Jos 2:5 and the gate was about to be shut; but also וַיְהִי לִדְרשׁ אֱלֹהִים 2 Ch 26:5 (nearly = וַיְהִי + Pt.) †Niph. Pf. נִהְיָה 1 K 1:27 + 6 times + Mi 2:4 (cf. infr. ad fin.); 3 fs. נִהְיְתָה Ju 19:30 + 5 times, נִהְיָ֑תָה Ex 11:6 Je 48:19, וְנִהְיָ֑תָה consec. Ez 39:8 + 21:12 (del. B Codd 𝔊 Co); 2 ms. נִהְיֵיתָ Dt 27:9; 1 s. נִהְיֵיתִי Dn 8:27; Pt. fs. נִהְיָה Pr 13:19;— 1. became c. ל Dt 27:9. 2. either, be done, or, come to pass: in the strong expressions אֲשֶׁר כָּמֹהוּ לֹא נ׳ וְכָמֹהוּ לֹא תֹסִף Ex 11:6 (J) a cry such as hath not occurred (been raised), and will not be again, cf. Dt 4:32 (be done; ‖ נִשְׁמַע), & Ju 19:30 (‖ נִרְאֲתָה);—but simply intrans. Jo 2:2; Dn 12:1 & appar. Ez 21:12 (‖ בָּאָ֫ה; on text, however, v. supr.) 39:8 (‖ id.);—also אֵיכָה נִהְיְתָה הָרָעָה הַזֹּאת Ju 20:3 how hath this wickedness been done? cf. v 12 Je 5:30; 48:19 also Ne 6:8; c. לֹא, existence denied לֹא נ׳ Zc 8:10 (‖ אֵינֶ֑נָּה); in all the above (except Jo 2:2; Dn 12:1 & Ez 21:12; 39:8) personal agency is clearly implied; it is expressed מֵאֵת אֲדֹנִי הַמֶּלֶךְ נ׳ הַדָּבָר הַזֶּה 1 K 1:27, so of divine agency (מֵאִתִּי) 1 K 12:24 = 2 Ch 11:4; further be attained, secured, of wages Zc 8:10 (c. לֹא, ‖ אֵינֶ֑נָּה); תַּאֲוָה נִהְיָה Pr 13:19 a desire come to pass, realized. 3. be done, finished, gone, only Dn וּשְׁנָתוֹ נִהְיְתָה עָלָיו Dn 2:1 and his sleep was finished upon him, i.e. left him (cf. Aramaic Dn 6:19); נִהְיֵיתִי 8:27 I came to an end, was exhausted (si vera l., del. 𝔊; ‖ נֶחֱלֵיתִי); נִהְיָה, in וְנָהָה נְהִי נִהְיָה Mi 2:4, is dub.; it is done, over, the ruin is come RobGes Ew Hi Ca Che RVm;? ZAW 1866, 122 f. cf. JBL1890, 74.77.

εἰμί (sum), Aeolic dialect ἔμμι Refs 7th c.BC+; Cretan dialect ἠμί Refs; 2nd pers. singular εἶ, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect εἰς Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect and Doric dialect ἐσσί Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἐστί, Doric dialect ἐντί Refs 3rd c.BC+; 3rd.pers. dual ἐστόν Refs 5th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural ἐσμέν, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect εἰμέν (also in Refs 5th c.BC+, Doric dialect εἰμές Refs 3rd c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural εἰσί (-ίν), Epic dialect and Ionic dialect ἔασι (-ιν) Refs 8th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἐντί Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect and Lyric poetry also in middle form ἔσσο Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔστω (ἤτω LXX+5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἔστωσαν, but ἔστων Refs 8th c.BC+, and early Attic dialect Inscrr., Refs 2nd c.BC+subjunctive ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, Epic dialect ἔω Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔῃ Refs 8th c.BC+, also Boeotian dialect ἔνθω Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ὦντι Refs, Boeotian dialect ἴωνθι Refs 6th c.BC+, -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. Refs; 3rd.pers. dual εἴτην Refs 5th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural εἶμεν Refs 5th c.BC+; 2nd pers. plural εἶτε Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural εἶεν Refs 8th c.BC+; Elean ἔα, ={εἴη}, Refs 6th c.BC+infinitive εἶναι, Refs 4th c.BC+; Epic dialect ἔμμεναι (also Aeolic dialect ἔμμεν᾽ Refs 7th c.BC+; Doric dialect εἶμεν Foed. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+participle ὤν, Epic dialect ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Refs 5th c.AD+; Boeotian dialect feminine ἰῶσα Refs, Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect feminine ἔσσα Refs 7th c.BC+ (also Ionic dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+; nominative singular εἴς in Refs 7th c.BC+: imperfect ἦν Refs 8th c.BC+ (also Aeolic dialect, Refs 7th c.BC+ (uncertain in Aeolic dialect, Refs 7th c.BC+ is required by metre in Refs 8th c.BC+, whence Hom.and later Ionic dialect ἔᾱ Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἦεν, always with ν in Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔην as 1st pers. singular, only Refs 8th c.BC+; 2nd pers. singular ἦσθα, later ἦς (which is variant in NT+5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἦν, Epic dialect ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (see. above), Doric dialect and Aeolic dialect ἦς Refs 7th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. dual ἤστην Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect 1st pers. plural ἦμες Refs 1st c.AD+; 2nd pers. plural ἦτε Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἦσαν, Ionic dialect and poetical ἔσαν (in Refs 8th c.BC+, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, see below see, but is 3rd.pers. plural in Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect ἔον NT+5th c.BC+, 2nd pers. singular ἦσο Refs, 3rd.pers. singular ἦστο Refs, 1st pers. plural ἤμεθα NT+3rd c.BC+; subjunctive ὦμαι Refs 2nd c.BC+; Ionic dialect and Epic dialect also ἔσκον, used by Refs 4th c.BC+future ἔσομαι, ἔσται, Epic dialect and Aeolic dialect also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσετα; Aeolic dialect 2nd pers. singular ἔσσῃ probably in Refs 8th c.BC+, infinitive ἐσσεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ —All forms of the present indicative are enclitic (except 2nd pers. singular εἶ and 3rd.pers. plural ἔασι); but 3rd.pers. singular is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ᾽, Hdn.Gr.Refs; later Grammars wrote ἔστι as substantive Verb, Refs 9th c.AD+ __A as the substantive Verb, __A.I of persons, exist, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ᾽ ἔσσεται Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔτ᾽ εἰσί they are still in being,Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐκέτ᾽ ἐστί he is no more, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long-lived, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ὄντες the living, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὁ ὤν the LXX+8th c.BC+; ἐσσόμενοι posterity,Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Refs 5th c.BC+; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Refs 5th c.BC+; of cities, ὄλωλεν, οὐδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐστὶ Τροία Refs 5th c.BC+; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, Refs 4th c.BC+; of money, to be in hand, τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων Refs; τὰ ὄντα property, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ.. future revenue from.., Refs 1st c.BC+; of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, NT; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, Refs; in office, ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων Refs 2nd c.BC+; αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.Refs __A.II of the real world, be, opposed to become, γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ὄν Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to τὸ μὴ ὄν, LXX+5th c.BC+; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄνindeclinable, τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __A.II.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen, τά τ᾽ ἐόντα, τά τ᾽ ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ᾽ ἐόντα Refs 8th c.BC+; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Refs; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Refs; τί ἐστι; what is it? what's the matter? Refs 5th c.BC+; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτ; how came it to pass? Refs 5th c.BC+ things are as they are, i.e. are ill, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in participle, τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth,Refs 5th c.BC+; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Refs 5th c.BC+; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Refs 8th c.BC+; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Refs 5th c.BC+; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.IV followed by the relative, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, ={οὐδενί}, Refs 4th c.BC+, = Latin sunt qui, used exactly like{ἔνιοι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Refs 5th c.BC+; the singular Verb is used even with masculine and feminine plural, ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Refs 5th c.BC+; more frequently in oblique cases, ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστὶ παρ᾽ οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Refs 5th c.BC+, = Latin est ubi, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ᾽ ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Refs 5th c.BC+; in questions expecting a negative answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπω; Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ᾽ ὅτε, sometimes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.V ἦν is sometimes used with plural masculine and feminine, usually at the beginning of a sentence, there was, τῆς δ᾽ ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦν δ᾽ ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι epigram cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; before dual Nouns, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.VI ἔστι impersonal, with infinitive, it is possible, ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (i.e. πιθέσθαι)Refs 5th c.BC+; so in imperative, optative, and subjunctive, ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; followed by ὥστε with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, ἁδόντα δ᾽ εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes not impersonal in this sense, θάλασσα δ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ ἦν ἰδεῖν Refs __A.VI.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted, ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι Refs 4th c.BC+ __B most frequently, to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import, τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in the phrase τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι, hoc est; Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Refs 1st c.AD+ twice five are ten, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, see at {τι; οὐδὲν εἶναι} Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 periphrastic with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with perfect participle once in Refs 8th c.BC+; so in Trag. and Attic dialect, ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔσται δεδορκώςRefs 5th c.BC+: with aorist participle, once in Refs 8th c.BC+; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσε; Refs 5th c.BC+: with present participle, ἦν προκείμενον Refs 5th c.BC+; τί δ᾽ ἐστί.. φέρο; Refs 5th c.BC+ — if the _Article_ is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C εἶναι is frequently modified in sense by the addition of adverbs, or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.: __C.I εἶναι with adverbs, where the adverb often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate, ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent,Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ it fared ill with them, Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.II with genitive, to express descent or extraction, πατρὸς δ᾽ εἴμ᾽ ἀγαθοῖο Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.II.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., Refs.ή, etc. __C.II.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.II.d to express that a thing belongs to another, Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, to be of the party of, ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου Refs 4th c.BC+; to be de pendent upon, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be at the mercy of, ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Refs __C.II.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like, οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.II.f in LXX, to be occupied about, ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν LXX; ἔσεσθαι, with genitive, to be about to, ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε LXX __C.III with the dative, ἐστί μοι I have, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.III.2 with two datives., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, Refs 5th c.BC+; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάν; Refs 4th c.BC+; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σο; Latin quid tecum est mihi? NT; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (i.e. ἐστίν) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, Refs __C.III.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, ={εἶναί τινος}Refs 5th c.BC+; but εἶναι ἀπ᾽ οἴκου to be away from.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ᾽ ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.3 εἶναι ἐν.. to be in a certain state, ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Refs 5th c.BC+; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.3.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.4 εἶναι διά.., much like{εἶναι ἐν}.., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, ={φοβεῖσθαι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι δι᾽ ὄχλου, ={ὀχληρὸν εἶναι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι δι᾽ αἰτίας, ={αἰτιᾶσθαι}, Refs 1st c.BC+; Geometry texts, pass through, διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Refs 3rd c.BC+ __C.IV.5 εἶναι ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, Refs 4th c.BC+; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, Refs; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., Refs; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, Refs; εἶναι ἐφ᾽ ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, Refs 2nd c.AD+; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, see above 3 b. __C.IV.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Refs 5th c.BC+; to suit, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Refs 4th c.BC+; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖνRefs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ (assuming variant). __C.IV.8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.IV.10 εἶναι ἀπό.., in Geometry texts, to be constructed upon, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __D ἐστί is very frequently omitted, mostly in the present indicative before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neuter of Verbals in -τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less frequently with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶ, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐσμέν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστέ, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰσί, Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive ᾖ, Refs 8th c.BC+; optative εἴη, Refs; imperfect ἦν, Refs; future ἔσονται, Refs 8th c.BC+ __E the Inf. frequently seems redundant, __E.1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (see. ἑκών) κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Refs 4th c.BC+ __E.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; of giving, δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι Refs 8th c.BC+ __F imperfect ἦνissts. used where other languages take the present, __F.1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἄρ᾽ ἦσθ᾽ ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶςRefs 3rd c.BC+; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦ; what is this? Refs 5th c.BC+, used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dative in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, Refs __G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX

γίγνομαι, Ionic dialect and after Refs 4th c.BC+ γίνομαι [ῑ], (Attic dialect Inscrr. have γιγν- in fifth and fourth cententury,Refs; Thess. γίνυμαι Refs; Boeotian dialect γίνιουμαι Refsfuture γενήσομαι: aorist ἐγενόμην (ἐγενάμην LXX (προ-) Decrees Byzantine cited in Refs 4th c.BC+, Ionic dialect 2nd pers. singular γένευ Refs 8th c.BC+, 3rd.pers. singular γενέσκετο Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect γέντο Refs 8th c.BC+ (gṇ-το): perfect γέγονα Refs 8th c.BC+: 3rd.pers. plural γέγοναν NT: pluperfect ἐγεγόνει Refs 5th c.BC+; Ionic dialect ἐγεγόνεε Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect forms (as if from perfect γέγᾰα), 2nd pers. plural γεγάᾱτε Refs 8th c.BC+pluperfect ἐκ-γεγάτην [ᾰ] Refs 8th c.BC+; infinitive γεγάμεν [ᾰ] Refs 8th c.BC+; participle γεγᾰώς -ᾰυῖα, plural -ᾰῶτες, -ᾰυῖαι Refs 8th c.BC+, contraction γεγώς, -ῶσα Refs 5th c.BC+; infinitive γεγᾱκειν Refs 5th c.BC+: middle forms ἐκγεγάασθε epigram Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive forms, future γενηθήσομαι (only in Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐγενήθην Refs 5th c.BC+, later Attic dialect, Refs 4th c.BC+ and Hellenistic Gk., Refs 2nd c.BC+: perfect γεγένημαι Refs 4th c.BC+, frequently in Attic dialect Poets and Prose, in Attic dialect inscription first in 4th C, Refs: 3rd.pers. plural γεγενέανται Refs 4th c.BC+: pluperfect ἐγεγένητο Refs 5th c.BC+; compare γείνομαι:—come into a new state of being: hence, __I absolutely, come into being opposed to εἶναι, Refs 5th c.BC+; and so, __I.1 of persons, to be born, νέον γεγαώς new born, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὑπὸ Τμώλῳ γεγαῶτας born (and so living) under Tmolus, Refs 8th c.BC+; γιγνομέναισι λάχη τάδ᾽.. ἐκράνθη at our birth, Refs 8th c.BC+; γεγονέναι κακῶς, καλῶς, Refs 5th c.BC+; κάλλιον, εὖ, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ μὴ γενέσθαι not to have been born, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ὑπὲρ τὰ στρατεύσιμα ἔτη γεγονότες those of an age beyond.., Refs 5th c.BC+: rarely with ordinals, ὀγδοηκοστὸν ἔτος γεγονώς Refs 1st c.AD+ __I.2 of things, to be produced, ὅσα φύλλα καὶ ἄνθεα γίγνεται ὥρῃ Refs 8th c.BC+; opposed to ὄλλυσθαι, Refs 4th c.BC+; opposed to ἀπόλλυσθαι, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀπολείπειν, Refs 4th c.BC+ Apoll.7; opposed to ἀπολήγειν, Refs 5th c.BC+; of profits, καρποὶ οἱ ἐξ ἀγελῶν γ. Refs; τὰ ἆθλα ἀπὸ τεττάρων ταλάντων ἐγένοντο were the produce of, i.e. were worth, Refs; τὸ ἀπὸ τῶν αἰχμαλώτων γενόμενον ἀργύριον produced by [the ransom of].., Refs; of sums, ὁ γεγονὼς ἀριθμὸς τῶν ψήφων the total of the votes, Refs 5th c.BC+ staters amount to Refs 4th c.BC+; so in in Mathematics texts, of products, ὁ ἐξ αὐτῶν γενόμενος ἀριθμός Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἀριθμὸς γενόμενος ἑκατοντάκις multipliedRefs 3rd c.AD+; of times of day, ὡς ἡ ἡμέρα ἐγένετο Refs 5th c.BC+; of Time in general, elapse, διέτης χρόνος ἐγεγόνεε ταῦτα πρήσσουσι Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2.b falldue, οἱ γιγνόμενοι δασμοί Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τίμημα τὸ γ., τὸ γ. ἀργύριον, Refs 5th c.BC+: with dative, τὸ γ. τινὶ ἔλαιον Refs 2nd c.BC+; τοῖς γείτοσι τὸ γ. Refs 4th c.BC+dues, Refs 3rd c.BC+ regular, normal, τίμημα, χάρις, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐν ταῖς γ. ἡμέραις in the usual number of days, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in later Gk., as Refs 2nd c.AD+ __I.3 of events, take place, come to pass, and in past tenses to be, καί σφιν ἄχος κατὰ θυμὸν ἐγίγνετο Refs 8th c.BC+; τὰ Ὀλύμπια γίγνεται, τραγῳδοὶ γίγνονται, are held, Refs 5th c.BC+; ψήφισμα γ. is passed, Refs 5th c.BC+; πιστὰ γ., ὅρκοι γ., pledges are given, oaths taken,Refs 4th c.BC+; γίγνεταί τι ὑπό τινος (masculine), Refs 5th c.BC+; ὃ μὴ γένοιτο which God forbid, Refs 4th c.BC+; but γένοιτο, = LXX; γένοιτο γένοιτοLXX suppose it done, Refs 3rd c.BC+it is done, NTparticiple, γίγνεταί τί μοι βουλομένῳ, ἀσμένῳ (see. βούλομαι, ἄσμενος); οὐκ ἂν ἐμοί γε ἐλπομένῳ τὰ γένοιτο, i.e. I could not hope to see these things take place, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; of sacrifices, omens, etc., οὐ γάρ σφι ἐγίνετο τὰ σφάγια χρηστάRefs 5th c.BC+. were favourable, Refs 5th c.BC+participle, τὸ γενόμενον the event, the fact, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ γενόμενα the facts, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ γεγενημένα the past, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ γενησόμενον the future, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ γεγονότα, opposed to ὄντα, μέλλοντα, Refs 5th c.BC+; but in perfect and pluperfect, to have passed, ὡς διετὴς χρόνος ἐγεγόνεε Refs 5th c.BC+.. it happened, came to pass that.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγένετο, ὡς ἤκουσεν.. καὶ ἐθυμώθη it came to pass, when he heard.. that.., LXX+NTinfinitive, γίνεται εὑρεῖν it is possible to find, Refs 6th c.BC+; ἐγένετο, with accusative et infinitive, it came to pass that, NT+2nd c.AD+: with dative et infinitive, ἐάν σοι γένηται στραφῆναι Refs 1st c.AD+ __II followed by a Predicate, come into a certain state, become, and (in past tenses), to be, __II.1 followed by Nouns and adjectives, δηΐοισι δὲ χάρμα γ. Refs 8th c.BC+; πάντα δὲ γιγνόμενος πειρήσεται turning every way, Refs; παντοῖος γ., followed by μή, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+participle, μὴ προδοὺς ἡμᾶς γένῃ, i.e. προδότης ἡμῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+ ; what am I to become, i.e. what is to become of me? Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.1.b in past tenses, having ceased to be, ὁ γενόμενος στρατηγός the ex-strategus, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἡ γ. γυνή τινος the former wife, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 with adverbs, κακῶς χρῆν Κανδαύλῃ γενέσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+; εὖ, καλῶς, ἡδέως γ., it goes well, etc., LXX+5th c.BC+; with personal construction, οἱ παρὰ Πλάτωνι δειπνήσαντες ἐς αὔριον ἡδέως γίγνονται Refs 1st c.AD+; δίχα γ. τοῦ σώματος to be parted from.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τριχῇ γ. to be in three divisions, Refs; γ. ἐμποδών, ἐκποδών, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 followed by oblique cases of Nouns, __II.3.a with genitive, γ. τῶν δικαστέων, τῶν γεραιτέρων, become one of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; fall to, belong to, ἡ νίκη Ἀγησιλάου ἐγεγένητο Refs 5th c.BC+; to be under control of, ὁ νοῦς ὅταν αὑτοῦ γένηται Refs 5th c.BC+: of things, to be at, i.e. cost, so much, αἱ τριχίδες εἰ γενοίαθ᾽ ἑκατὸν τοὐβολοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3.b with dative, fall to, i. e. as wife, LXX __II.3.c with Preps., γ. ἀπὸ δείπνου, ἐκ θυσίας, have done.., Refs 5th c.BC+; πολὺν χρόνον γ. ἀπό τινος to be separated from.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. εἴς τι turn into, τὸ κακὸν γ. εἰς ἀγαθόν LXX+6th c.BC+; εἰς βρῶσινLXX; εἰς οὐδέν, εἰς κενόν, NT+8th c.BC+ even without preposition, ἐμὲ χρεὼ γ. Refs 8th c.BC+; γ. τι εἴς τινα comes to him, of a dowry, Refs 4th c.BC+; of a ward, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ἐξ ὀφθαλμῶν τινι to be out of sight, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐξ ἀνθρώπων γ. disappear from.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ἐν.., to be engaged in.., οἱ ἐν ποιήσει γινόμενοι in poetry, Refs; ἐν [πολέμῳ] Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ὀργῇ, ἐν αἰτίᾳ πρός τινα γ., Refs 1st c.AD+; of things, ἐν καιρῷ γ. to be in season, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. διὰ γηλόφων, of a road, Refs 5th c.BC+; but δι᾽ ἔχθρας γ. τινί to be at enmity with, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ἐπὶ ποταμῷ arrive or be at.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ἐπί τινι fall into or be in one's power, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ἐπί τινι, also, to be set over.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ἐφ᾽ ἡμῶν αὐτῶν to be alone, Refs 4th c.BC+; γ. ἐπ᾽ ἐλπίδος to be in hope, Refs 1st c.AD+ to be multiplied into a number, Refs; γ. κατά τινα or τι to be near.. or opposite to.., in battle, Refs 5th c.BC+; but κατὰ ξυστάσεις γ. to be formed into groups, Refs 5th c.BC+; καθ᾽ αὑτοὺς γ. to be alone, Refs 4th c.BC+; γ. μετὰ τοῦ θείου to be with God, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. παρ᾽ ἀμφοτέροις τοῖς πράγμασι to be present on both sides, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. παρά τι to depend upon.., Refs 4th c.BC+; γ. περὶ τὸ συμβουλεύειν to be engaged in.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γενοῦ πρός τινα go to So-and-so, Refs; γ. πρὸς τῇ καρδίᾳ to be at or near.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. πρός τινι to be engaged in.., Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸς πρὸς αὑτῷ meditate, Refs 5th c.BC+; γενέσθαι πρός τινων to be inclined towards them, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. πρὸ ὁδοῦ to be forward on the way, Refs 8th c.BC+; γ. ὑπό τινι to be subject to.., Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ὑπὸ ταῖς μηχαναῖς to be under the protection of.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4 γίγνεται followed by plural nouns, ἵνα γίγνηται.. ἀρχαί τε καὶ γάμοι NT+5th c.BC+. (Cf. jánati 'procreate', jánas (={γένος}), Latin gigno, gnatus.)

יֵשׁ137 subst. being, substance, existence (on etym. v. 2)—יֵשׁ Gn 18:24 etc.; יֶשׁ־ 31:29 + often; הֲיֵשׁ 24:23 + 18 times (so אִשׁ 2 S 14:19 †, הַאִשׁ Mic 6:10 †, v. p. 78), with sf. יֶשְׁךָ v 42 + 2 times; יֶשְׁכֶם v 49 †; הֲיִשְׁכֶם Dt 13:4 †; יֶשְׁנוֹ (Ol§ 97 b Sta§ 370 b) 29:14; 1 S 14:39 (+ v 41 𝔊 We Dr), 23:23; Est 3:8 †;— 1. substance, only Pr 8:21 לְהַנְחִיל אֹהֲבַי יֵשׁ to cause them that love me to inherit substance (so Sir 42:3). 2. elsewhere (proposes as a subst. in the st. c.), it asserts existence, and so corresponds to the verb substantive, is (are, was were, will be), lit. the being, presence of … (so BA אִתַי; Aramaic איתא, אית, ܐܝܺܬ [whence ܐܻܝܬܝܳܐ (self-)existent, ܐܝܺܬܘܽܬܳܐ essence, substance], with לָא contr. לַיִת, לֵית, ܠܰܝܺܬ; Mand. עת, עית, לאיית; Arabic [with irreg. س] لَيْسَ (inflected as a verb, لَيْسَتْ, لَسْتَ, etc.; WAG i. § 182, ii. § 42) is not أَيْسَ is known only in two proverbial sayings, as a secondary form, FlKl.Schr. i. 146 f.); Assyrian išû, be, have DlHWB 310; with affix 1 s. la-a i-ša-a-ku, I have not, TPi. 57 f. On this word, see especially NöM. § 213, who exemplifies its different constructions in Semitic, and shews how it tends to pass into a verb;—(1) in Biblical Aramaic Syriac Bab. 𝔗, with possessive sf.; (2) in later Pal. diall., Jer. 𝔗, Jer. Talm., sometimes also in Bab. 𝔗 and Syriac, with independent pers. pron. (as לית אנא, לית הוא); (3) in Mand. Bab. Talm, sometimes in Syriac and Arabic, and in Heb. יֶשְׁנוֹ, with object. (verbal) sf.; (4) in Arabic, as a true verb. In Ethiopic ቦ lit. therein, Germ. es gibt, is similar in use (DiGr. § 167, 1), though not of course in origin. In Heb. the corresponding neg. is אַיִן, q.v., the construction of which is quite similar)—is, are, was, were, etc., not, however, as a mere copula, but implying existence with emph. (hence in Engl. to be often represented by the subst. verb in italics): a. with a pred. following, Gn 28:16 אכן ישׁ י׳ במקום הזה surely Y. is (emph.) in this place! 44:26 אִם יֵשׁ אָחִינוּ אִתְּכֶם; Ex 17:7 הֲיֵשׁ יהוה בְּקִרְבֵּנוּ אִם אַיִן, Nu 22:29 לו ישׁ חרב בידי Oh that there were a sword in my hand! Dt 13:4 הֲיִשְׁכֶם אֹהֲבִים whether you do love, 29:17 פן ישׁ בכם אישׁ, v 18 1 S 9:11f. and they said, Is the seer here? and they said יֵשׁ He is, 20:8; 23:23; Je 27:18. Alone, in answer to a question (asked with יֵשׁ), He (it) is: †1 S 9:12; 2 K 10:15; Je 37:17. But Je 23:26 (where ישׁ has no subst. or sf.) text must be corrupt: cf. Gie. b. absolutely, there is (es gibt, il y a), Gn 18:24 אולי ישׁ חמ��ׁים צדיקים בעיר perhaps there are fifty righteous in the city, 24:23 הישׁ בית אביך מקום לנו ללון, 42:1 כי ישׁ שׁבר במצ׳ that there was corn in Egypt, Ju 4:20 הישׁ פה אישׁ, 2 S 9:1; 2 K 5:8 he shall know that there is (emph.) a prophet in Israel, Ru 3:12 there is a kinsman nearer than I, ψ 58:12 surely there are gods judging on the earth: so in aphorisms, asserting the existence of a partic. character, quality, etc., Pr 11:24 ישׁ מפזר ונוסף עוד, 12:18; 13:7, 23; 14:12; 16:25; 18:24; 20:15; Ec 2:21; 4:8; 5:12; 6:1, 11; 7:15(×2); 8:14(×3); 10:5. In questions, or protestations, יֵשׁ often implies a doubt whether what is asked about is to be found or exists: 1 K 18:10; Je 5:1 and see אישׁ" dir="rtl" >אם ישׁ אישׁ if there is (emph.) a man doing justice, etc. (cf. ψ 14:2), 14:22 Is 44:8 הישׁ אלהים is there a god beside me? ψ 7:4 אם ישׁ עול בכפי if there is iniquity in my hands! 73:11 is there knowledge in the Most High? Jb 5:1; 6:30 La 1:12. c. special phrases:—(a) after אִם and a ptcp., where an abiding intention is to be emphasized, †Gn 24:42 אם־ישׁך־נא מצליח דרכי if thou art (really) prospering my way, v 49; 43:4; Ju 6:36 (cf. II. אין 2 b). (b) יֵשׁ לְ = has (had), especially with prons. יֵשׁ לִי, יֵשׁ לְךָ; etc., Gn 33:9 יֶשׁ־לִי רָב I have plenty, v 11 43:7 הישׁ לכם אח, 44:20 ישׁ לנו אב זקן, 1 S 17:46 that they may know כי ישׁ אלהים לישׂראל that Israel has (emph.) a god, 2 K 4:2 מַה־יֶּשׁ־לָכְי what hast thou? Jb 14:7 for a tree has (emph.) hope (cf. Ru 1:12), 25:3; 28:1; 38:28 הישׁ למטר אב: Gn 39:5(×2), 8 כל אשׁר יֶשׁ־לו all that he had (v 4 without אשׁר, prob. error). (c) with inf. and לְ, is it possible to …? 2 K 4:13 הישׁ לדבר־לך can (I) speak for thee to the king? 2 Ch 25:9; so אִשׁ לְ 2 S 14:19 (cf. אֵין לְ, sub II. אַיִן 5). (d) … יֵשׁ אֲשֶׁר (if) it was that … †Nu 9:20, 21; there were some who … (with ptcp.) †Ne 5:2, 3, 4 (cf. Syriac ܐܝܺܬ ܕ for ὃ μὲν … ὃ δὲ … Mt 13:8; ܐܝܺܬ ܕܐܴܡܪܺܝܢ PS172). (e) יֶשׁ־לְאֵל יָדִי Gn 31:29 al.; v. II. אֵל 7, p. 43. (f) 2 K 10:15 וָיֵשׁ and (if) it be … (cf. וָלֹא 5:17 2 S 13:26); so Ju 6:13 וְיֵשׁ י׳ אִתָּנוּ. (g) pleon. אֵין יֵשׁ †ψ 135:17. (h) לֹא יֵשׁ †Jb 9:33 (cf. لَيْسَ, ܠܰܝܺܬ: but 𝔊 𝔖 Me al. לֻא).—As a rule, יֵשׁ precedes its subst. (from which, however, like אין, it may be separated: Gn 24:23; 43:7 הֲיֵשׁ לָכֶם אָח, 44:19, 20; 1 S 20:8 etc.); but occasionally, for greater emphasis, this is prefixed: 1 S 21:5 כי אם לחם קדשׁ ישׁ but holy bread there is! Is 43:8 the blind people, ועינים ישׁ though it has eyes, Ju 19:19 לחם ויין ישׁ לי (cf. אַיִן 2 c).

הֲוָא, הֲוָה, vb. come to pass, become, be (BH הָיָה);— Pe. Pf. 3 ms. הֲוָה Dn 4:26 +, הֲוָא Dn 5:19 +; 3 fs. הֲוַת Dn 2:35 הֲוָת Dn 7:19; 2 ms. הֲוַיְתָ Dn 2:31, 34; 1 s. הֲוֵית 4:1 +; 3 mpl. הֲווֹ Dn 2:35 +; Impf. 3 ms. לֶהֱוֵא (K§ 47, 1) b) Dr§ 204 Obs. NöM215 ff.; cf.D§ 61, 1 c) Dn 2:20 +; 3 fs. תֶּהֱוֵה Dn 4:24 +, א—ֵ Ezr 6:8 +, 3 mpl. לֶהֱוֹן Ezr 6:10 + 6 times, 3 fpl. לֶהֶוְיָן Dn 5:17; Imv. mpl. הֱווֹ Ezr 4:22, הֲווֹ 6:6;— 1. come to pass Dn 2:28, 29(×2), 45. 2. come into being, arise Ezr 7:23; become, come to be, c.n.pred. Dn 4:24; 5:29 and (= represent) 7:23; c. כְּ like 2:35a, c. ל pred. v 35b, c. adj. pred. Ezr 6:6, c. adv. phr. 5:5 Dn 4:22; often periphrast., c. pt.: יְדִיעַ לה׳ let it become known 3:18 Ezr 4:12, 13; 5:8; so let it be given 6:8, 9, also 7:26 Dn 2:20. 3. be, as copula, c. adj. pred. Dn 2:40, 42; 7:19; so very often in periphrast. conj. c. pt., ה׳ צָבֵא wish 5:19(×4), חָזֵה ה׳ behold 2:31, 34; 7:2, 4, 6 +, etc

ὑπάρχω, future __A -ξωRefs 5th c.BC+aorist ὑπῆρξα (see. below Refs:—passive, future ὑπαρχθήσομαι Refs 3rd c.AD+perfect ὕπηργμαι, Ionic dialect -αργμαιRefs 5th c.BC+:—begin, take the initiative:—Constr.: __A.1 absolutely, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ ὑπάρξας the beginner (in a quarrel), Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.2 with genitive, take the initiative in, begin, ἀδίκων ἔργων, ἀδικίης, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.3 with participle, take the initiative in doing, ἐμὲ ὑπῆρξαν ἄδικα ποιεῦντες Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑπάρχει εὖ (or κακῶς) ποιῶν τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς αὐτοῖς ἀμύνεσθαι οἷσπερ καὶ οἱ Λκεδαιμόνιοι ὑπῆρξαν retaliating by the means which the L. had used first, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.3.b in middle with infinitive, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.4 with accusative, ὑ. εὐεργεσίας εἴς τινα or τινι take the initiative in [doing] kindnesses to one, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὑ. τοῦτο (i.e. τὸ εὐνοεῖν) Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, ὑπηρεσίαι ὑπηργμέναι εἰς Φίλιππον αὑτῷ Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ ἔκ τινος ὑπαργμένα (Ionic dialect for ὑπηργ-) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄξιον τῶν ὑ. equivalent to what was done for him, Refs 4th c.BC+ a beginning of it had been made, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B in active only, to be the begining, παιδοβόροι μὲν πρῶτον ὑπῆρξαν μόχθοι τάλανες Refs 4th c.BC+; πολλῶν κακῶν, μεγάλων ἀχέων, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 to be already in existence, πημονῆς δ᾽ ἅλις γ᾽ ὑπάρχει Refs 4th c.BC+was already there, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὗται αἱ νέες τοῖσι Ἀθηναίοισι ὑπῆρχον already existed, opposed to to those they were about to build, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἰ τοίνυν σφι χώρη γε μηδεμία ὑπῆρχε if they had no country originally existing, Refs; χωρὶς δὲ τούτων οἱ χίλιοι ὑπῆρχον the original thousand existed, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὑμῖν.. ἐλευθερίαν τε ὑπάρχειν καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ξυμμάχοις κεκλῆσθαι there is in store for you.., Refs 5th c.BC+ there is store of these things for us to have, Refs 4th c.BC+participle, ἡ ὑπάρχουσα οὐσία the existing property, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῆς ὑ. τιμῆς for the current price, Syngr. cited in Refs 4th c.BC+; οἱ ὑ. πολῖται the existing citizens, Refs; τῆς φύσεως ὑ. nature being what it is, Refs 5th c.BC+; also κρησφύγετόν τι ὑπάρχον εἶναι that there should be a refuge ready prepared, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.3 exist really, opposed to φαίνομαι, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.4 simply, be, τοῖσιν ἄγουσιν κλαύμαθ᾽ ὑπάρξει Refs 5th c.BC+: and with a predicate, θησαυρὸς ἄν σοι παῖς ὑπῆρχ᾽ οὑμός Refs 5th c.BC+; φύσεως ἀγαθῆς ὑπάρξαι to be of a good natural disposition, Refs 5th c.BC+; μέγα ὑ. τοῖς τοιούτοις λόγοις ις of great advantage to them, Refs 4th c.BC+; πολλῶν ὑπάρξει κῦρος ἡμέρα καλῶν, ={κυρώσει πολλὰ καλά}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.4.b τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, much like{τὰ ὑπηργμένα} Refs 4th c.BC+, a man's record, ἀνάξιον τῶν ὑ. τῇ πόλει καὶ πεπραγμένων τοῖς προγόνοις Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ κάλλιστα τῶν ὑ. your past record, Refs; ἡ ὑπάρχουσα αἰσχύνη the disgrace which has been incurred, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.5 sometimes with a participle, much like{τυγχάνω, τοιαῦτα [αὐτῷ] ὑπῆρχε ἐὀντα} Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.6 προγόνων ὑ. τῶν ἐξ Ἰλίου to be the descendant of.., Refs 1st c.BC+ __B.II like{ὑπόκειμαι} Refsto be laid down, to be taken for granted, Refs 5th c.BC+; τούτου ὑπάρχοντος, τούτων ὑπαρχόντων, this being granted, Refs __B.III belong to, fall to one, accrue, ὑπάρξει τοι.. τὰ ἐναντία you will have, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ὑπάρχουσαν ἀπ᾽ ἀλλήλων ἀμφοτέροις [σωτηρίαν] Refs; ἡ ὑπάρχουσα φύσις your proper nature, its normal condition, Refs; τῇ τέχνῃ ὑπάρχειν διδούς assigning as a property of art, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.2 of persons, ὑ. τινί to be devoted to one, Refs 5th c.BC+; καθ᾽ ὑμῶν ὑπάρξων ἐκείνῳ he will be on his side against you, Refs __B.III.2.b ἐν παντὶ.. πᾶς χωρίῳ, καὶ ᾧ μὴ ὑπάρχομεν every one in every place, even outside our sphere of influence (literal to which we do not belong), Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.III.3 in the Logic of Refs 4th c.BC+ denotes the subsistence of qualities in a subject, Refs; ὑ. τινί, ={κατηγορεῖσθαί τινος}, Refs; ὑ. κατά τινοςRefs; ἐπί τινοςRefs; ὑπάρξει τι [τῷ πρώτῳ] it will have predicates, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __B.IV frequently in neuter plural participle, τὰ ὑπάρχοντα, __B.IV.1 in signification Refsexisting circumstances, presentadvantages, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τὰ ὑ.Refsunder the circumstances, according to one's means, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.IV.2 in signification Refspossessions, resources, Refs; τὰ ἑκατέροις ὑ.Refs 5th c.BC+: as a substantive, τὰ ὑ. αὐτοῦ LXX+NT; ὑποθέμενος τὰ ὑ. καὶ ὑπάρξοντα present and future resources, Refs 6th c.AD+ __B.IV.3 in Mathematics texts, ὑπάρχοντα εἴδη positive terms, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __B.V impersonal, ὑπάρχει the fact is that.., with accusative et infinitive, ὑ. γάρ σε μὴ γνῶναί τινα Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ὑ. τοῦ ἔχειν.. as the case stands with regard to having, Refs 4th c.BC+ __B.V.2 it is allowed, it is possible, with dative et infinitive, ὑ. ἡμῖν ἐπικρατεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+: also without a dative, οὐχ ὑ. εἰδέναι Refs 5th c.BC+ as well as was possible, Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.V.3 in neuter participle, ὑπάρχον ὑμῖν πολεμεῖν since it is allowed you to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C to be ὕπαρχος or subordinate colleague, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __C.II uncertain in the sense of ἄρχω, rule; for Refs 5th c.BC+, where the Refs 5th c.BC+

II. אוּלַי44 and (Gn 24:39) אֻלַי adv. (perhaps from אוֹ & לַי = לֵי, לֵא, as in לוּלֵא, = or not?) 1. peradventure, perhaps; usually expressing a hope, as Gn 16:2 Nu 22:6, 11; 23:3 1 S 6:5 Je 20:10; but also a fear or doubt, as Gn 27:12 Jb 1:5, sq. לֹא Gn 24:5, 39; in mockery Is 47:12; Je 51:8. 2. followed by another clause ἀσυνδέτως, it expresses virtually the protasis = if peradventure Gn 18:24, 28 (cf. v 29–32) Ho 8:7 the blade shall yield no meal; אוּלַי יַעֲשֶׂה זָרִים יִבְלָעֻהוּ if perchance it yield strangers shall swallow it up. 3. in Nu 22:33 לוּלֵי (q.v.) must be read; unless she had turned aside from me, surely, etc.

II. [קָרָא137] vb. encounter, befall (‖ form of קָרָה, q.v.; SI 4 לקרת to meet, opposite; Arabic قَرَأَ, put part to part; Min. קרא set opposite, HomChrest. 127);— Qal131 Pf.5 3 ms. sf. קְרָאַנִי Je 13:22 Jb 4:2; 3 fs. קָרָאת Dt 31:29; Je 44:23, etc.; Impf.4 3 ms. יִקְרָא Gn 49:1, sf. יִקְרָאֶנּוּ Gn 42:4; 3 fpl. וַתִּקְרֶאנָה Lv 10:19; Ex 1:10 read 3 fs. sf. תִּקְרָאֵנוּ (Sam Vrss Di Ges§ 47 k SoKau Baen); Inf. cstr.121 לִקְרַאת (Ges§ 19 k Ol§ 137), Gn 15:10 +, etc.; Pt. fpl. sf. קֹרְאֹתַיִךְ Is 51:19;— 1. meet, encounter, only inf. cstr. לִקְרַאת often = prep. toward, against (Köii. 1, 317), almost always c. acc. pers., after vb. of motion, Is 7:3; Gn 19:1; 24:17; Ju 4:18, 22; 1 K 2:8 +; in war, battle, Ju 7:24; 20:25, 31; 1 S 4:1; 1 K 20:27 +, after עָרַךְ 2 S 10:9, 10, 17 +, ψ 35:3 v. I. סגר" dir="rtl" >סגר 2 b; לְחַזֵּק לִבָּם לִק׳ הַמִּלְחָמָה Jos 11:20 to harden their heart to encounter the war with Isr.; after הִנֵּה (without vb. of motion), †1 S 10:10; 2 S 15:32; 16:1; 1 K 18:7; Pr 7:10; in constr. prægn. וַיִּשְׂמַח לִק׳ Ju 19:3 he rejoiced to meet him, + 1 S 6:13 (𝔊 We Dr al.); חרד לִק׳ 1 S 16:4; 21:2; so c. שׁאג Ju 14:5, הריע 15:14, מצא 2 K 10:15, נצב Ex 5:20; 7:15 Nu 22:34, etc.; redund. יִקָּרֶה י׳ לִק׳ Nu 23:3; implic. of helping, Is 21:14 ψ 59:5 (fig.); לִק׳ נְחָשִׁים Nu 24:1 he did not go to encounter (in expectation of) signs of divination; in metaph. Is 14:9, לִק׳ אֱלֹהֶיךָ Am 4:12. 2. fig. befall c. acc. pers., bad sense Gn 42:4, 38; Dt 31:29; Je 13:22; 44:23; Is 51:19; Jb 4:14; Lv 10:19; of war Ex 1:10 (v. supr.); in gen., Gn 49:1. Niph. meet unexpectedly; Pf. 3 ms. נִקְרָא, c. עַל pers. Ex 5:3; Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּקָּרֵא, c. לִפְנֵי pers. 2 S 18:9; Pf. 20:1, c. שָׁם, chanced to be there; Impf. of bird’s nest Dt 22:6 (לִפְנֵי); Inf. abs. נִקְרֹא v. קָרָה²" dir="rtl" >קרה. Hiph. Impf. 2 ms. וַתַּקְרֵא Je 32:23 thou didst cause all this evil to befall them (acc. pers. et rei).

καταργ-έω, leave unemployed or idle, Refs 5th c.BC+; κατηργηκέναι τοὺς καιρούς to have missed the opportunities, Refs 2nd c.BC+ make the ground useless, cumber it, NT __2 cause to be idle, hinder in one's work, LXX+1st c.AD+passive, LXX; to be rendered or lie idle, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II make of no effect, NT.Rom.3.3,31, +others:—passive, to be abolished, cease, NT to be set free from.., NT; to be parted, Refs.

† לוּ17 and לוּא (†1 S 14:30; Is 48:18; 63:19), also לֻא (Qr לוּ), †2 S 18:12; 19:7 (Arabic لَوْ, Aramaic ܠܘܰܝ, לְוַי, Mishn. לְוַי, Assyrian lû, with opt. force, Dl§§ 78 end, 93, 145; cf. Köii. 333), conj. if, O that:— 1. if (stating a case which has not been, or is not likely to be, realized): a. sq. pf. (so mostly), Dt 32:29 לו חכמו ישׂכילו זאת if they had been wise (which they are not), they would understand this; Mi 2:11 (apod. וְהָיָה); Ju 8:19; 13:23 לו חפץ י׳ להמיתנו לא לקח if J. had desired to slay us, he would not have taken, &c. 1 S 14:30 2 S 19:7. b. sq. impf. Ez 14:15 if I were to send, &c. (but read prob. אוֹ, cf. v 17, 19). c. sq. ptcp., 2 S 18:12 וְלֻא אָנֹכִי שֹׁקֵל and though I should be weighing 1000 pieces of silver upon my hand, I would not, &c. ψ 81:14–17 לו עמי שֹׁמֵעַ לי if my people were hearkening to me, … quickly would I bow down, &c. d. sq. יֵשׁ Job 16:4.—With the apod. omitted, Gn 50:15 לוּ יִשְׁמְמֵנוּ if Joseph were to hate us (how should we fare then?). 2. If only …! i.e. O that! would that! (cf. εἰ γάρ, εἴθε) usually sq. perf., as Nu 14:2(×2) לוּ מַתְנוּ if only we had died in the land of Egypt! 20:3; Jos 7:7 וְלוּ הוֹאַלְנוּ וַנֵּשֶׁב Is 48:18; 63:19; sq. יֵשׁ Nu 22:29; sq. impf. Gn 17:18 לו יחיה O that Ishmael might live before thee! Jb 6:2; sq. juss. Gn 30:34 לו יהי כדברך; sq. imv. 23:13 אם אתה לוּ שׁמעני if thou—O that thou wouldst hear me! (+ prob. v 5 לאמר ׃ לוּ שׁמעני for לאמר לוֹ ׃ שׁ׳, and similarly v 15).—Read also prob. לֻא for Mas. לֹא Ju 21:22 (with כִּי עַתָּה for כָּעֵת), 1 S 13:13; 20:14(×2) Jb 9:33 (sq. יֵשׁ); and perhaps 14:4 (Ew Kö).

† [קָרָה] vb. encounter, meet, befall (‖ II. קָרָא; NH קָרָה meet (rare), קְרִי misfortune, specif. (nocturnal) pollution, and so Aramaic קִרְיוּתָא, ܩܶܪܝܳܐ; Arabic قَرَا (و) is go, seek earnestly, قَرَى receive hospitably as guest; Ethiopic ii. 3, አቃረየ: present, offer as sacrifice);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. sf. קָֽרְךָ Dt 25:18, (ו)קָרָהוּ Gn 44:29 +; Impf. 3 ms. יִקְרֶה Ec 9:11 + Dn 10:14 Kt (Qr יִקְרָא), וַיִּ֫קֶר Ru 2:3, sf. יִקְרְךָ Nu 11:23, יִקְרֵךְ 1 S 28:10 (d. f. dirim.); Pt. fpl. קֹרֹת Gn 42:29;— 1. encounter, meet, acc. pers. Dt 25:18, cf. (acc. rei) וַיִּ֫קֶר מִקְרֶהָ חֶלְקַת וגו׳ Ru 2:3 her chance lighted upon a field, etc. 2. befall, acc. pers., subj. evil Gn 44:29 (J) 1 S 28:10, י׳’s word Nu 11:23 (JE), indef. Gn 42:29 (J) Is 41:22 (abs.) Est 4:7; 6:13 Dn 10:14 (ל pers.); עֵת וָפֶגַע יִק׳ אֶת־כֻּלָּם Ec 9:11; subj. מִקְרֶה 2:14, cf. v 15. Niph. Pf. 3 ms. נִקְרָה Ex 3:18; 1 s. נִקְרֵיתִי 2 S 1:6; Impf. 3 ms. יִקָּרֶה Nu 23:3, וַיִּקָּר v 4, 16; 1 s. אִקָּרֶה v 15;— 1. encounter, meet without pre-arrangement, usually of י׳ (God): c. עַל pers. Ex 3:18 (J), אֶל pers. Nu 23:4, 16; יִקּ׳ י׳ לִקְרָתִי v 3 (all JE); obj. י׳ (om.) v 15. 2. chance to be present, ב loc., 2 S 1:6 (+ Inf. abs. נִקְרֹא). Hiph. 1. of י׳, cause (the right thing, good fortune) to occur, c. לִפְנֵי pers.; Pf. 3 ms. הִקְרָה Gn 27:20; Imv. ms. הַקְרֵה 24:12 (both J). 2. of Israel, Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וְהִקְרִיתֶם לָכֶם עָרִים Nu 35:11 ye shall (cause cities to occur rightly for yourselves, i.e.) select cities as suitable.

† אִיתַי (Baer אִתַי, except bef. sf., v. Baer Dn 2:10) part. there is, are … (proposes a subst. foll. by a gen., v. BH יֵשׁ: Egyptian Aramaic איתי RÉS 361, S-CPap., Nab. איתי, Palm. אית, 𝔗 Talm. אִית (Dalm § 44, 4), Syriac ܐܻܝܬ, Sam. ࠀࠉࠕ, Mand. אִית, עית (NöM §§ 213, 272): v. further BH יֵשׁ);—אִיתַי Dn 2:10, sf. אִיתָיךְ 2:26 Kt (Qr אִיתָךְ K§ 53, 2 b), אִית֫וֹהִי 2:11, איתינא Kt (i.e. prob. איתַ֫יְנָא: Kl.c.), Qr אִיתָ֫נָא 3:18, אִיתֵיכוֹן v 14, 15;—there is (are) …, abs. Dn 2:28 אִיתַי אֱלָהּ בִּשְׁמַיָּא there is a God in heaven, v 30 not by wisdom דִּי־אִיתַי בִּי that is in me, 3:12; 5:11; sq. ptcp. or adj. 2:26 הַאִיתָיךְ כָּהֵל art thou able …? 3:15, 17; sq. דִּי, Ezr 5:17 הֵן אִיתַי דִּי if it is that … With neg. לָא אִיתַי (so S-CD 10 +; 𝔗 Syriac Mand. לַיִת, ܠܰܝܬ, Zenj. sf. לישה (Cooke 184); cf.sub BH יֵשׁ) Dn 2:10 לָא אִיתַי אֱנָשׁ דִּי …, 3:29; 4:32; after the subj. 2:11 a; 3:25 וַחֲבָל לָא א׳ בְּהוֹן, Ezr 4:16; sq. ptcp. or adj. Dn 3:14, 18; with pleon. sf., 2:11 דִּי מְדָֽרְהוֹן עִם־בִּשְׂרָא לָא אִיתוֹהִי.

τυγχάνω, Refs 6th c.BC+: Epic dialect imperfect τύγχανον Refs 8th c.BC+, (παρετ-) Refs 8th c.BC+: future τεύξομαι Refs 8th c.BC+ (also as future middle of τεύχω): aorist 2 ἔτῠχον, Epic dialect τύχον, Refs 8th c.BC+, etc.; Epic dialect subjunctive τύχωμι, -ῃσι, Refs; later also τετύχῃσι, Refs 1st c.BC+; late Epic dialect optative τετύχοιμι Refs 4th c.AD+: Epic dialect also aorist 1 ἐτύχησα Refs 8th c.BC+perfect τετύχηκα (intransitive) Refs 8th c.BC+ variant{τετυχηώς}. Refs 8th c.BC+; later also τέτευχα, Refs 4th c.BC+; Doric dialect perfect infinitive τετεύχεν Refs 3rd c.BC+; but Ionic dialect pluperfect ἐτετεύχεε Refs 5th c.BC+; τέτυχα variant in NT+1st c.AD+, (συν-) Refs, etc.; participle τετυχώς Refs:—middle, aorist 1 τεύξασθαι LXX:— passive, imperfect ἐτυγχάνετο Refs 2nd c.AD+aorist 1 ἐτεύχθην (ἐν-) Refs 2nd c.BC+perfect τέτευγμαι (ἐπι-) Refs __A happen to be at a place, εἴ πέρ τε τύχῃσι μάλα σχεδόν even if she be quite near, Refs 8th c.BC+; μὴ σύ γε κεῖθι τύχοις may'st thou not be there, Refs 8th c.BC+ (but in these last two places the meaning may be 'has been made' (though not by human agency), compare [γαῖα] οὐδ᾽ εὐρεῖα τέτυκται Refs 8th c.BC+; see ad near the end). __2 of events, and things generally, happen to one, befall one, come to one's lot, with dative person, οὔνεκά μοι τύχε πολλά because much fell to me, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2.b aorist participle ὁ τυχών, the first one meets, any chance person, Refs 8th c.BC+everyday men, the vulgar, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὁ τ. ἀνήρ, of Refs 2nd c.AD+ any chance result, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὁ τ. λόγος no common discourse, Refs 5th c.BC+Spir.Praef.; οἱ τ. φόβοι trifling fears, Refs 4th c.BC+; καίπερ τὸ τ. καταβαλοῦσιν though they may have paid a trifling sum, Refs 1st c.BC+ —in Mathematics texts, τυχὸν σημεῖον any point (at random), Refs 3rd c.BC+; ἄλλα, ἃ ἔτυχεν, ἰσάκις πολλαπλάσια any other equimultiples taken at random, Refs __3 in 3rd.pers. singular aorist or imperfect, impersonal (sometimes also person) in relative clauses, as (when, where, etc.) it (he, she, etc.) happened (may happen, etc.), i. e. anyhow, at any time, place, etc., καὶ ἀρχομένοις καὶ μεσοῦσι καὶ ὅπως ἔτυχέ τῳ at the beginning, middle, or any other point, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἔτυχε ζημιοῦσθαι to be penalized just anyhow, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐχ ὡς ἔτυχεν in no ordinary manner, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὴν μὲν δικαίαν, τὴν δ᾽ ὅπως ἐτύγχανεν just anyhow, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀποτετμάσθω δύο τμάματα ὡς ἔτυχεν let two segments be cut off at random, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὁπότε τύχοι sometimes, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅταν τύχῃ sometimes, Refs 5th c.BC+; but, at any odd time, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἂν τύχῃ, εἰ τύχοι, it may be, Refs 5th c.BC+mere chance, Refs 5th c.BC+: with attraction of the relative pronoun, τὸ οἷς ἔτυχε προσκρούειν Refs 2nd c.BC+; οὐδὲ γὰρ ὧν ἔτυχ᾽ ἦν they were not just any acts, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3.b with accusative et infinitive, ἔτυχε ὄμβρον συνεργῆσαι Refs 1st c.AD+; ἔτυχεν ὥστε.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __4 sometimes the Verb agrees in person and number with the subject of the principal clause, perhaps by assimilation, ἀπαίροντες ἀπὸ τῆς Πελοποννήσου ὁπόθεν τύχοιεν, for ὁπόθεν τύχοι, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅ τι ἂν τύχωσι, τοῦτο λέγουσι they say just anything, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς ὀργὴν ἥν τινα τύχητε ἔστιν ὅτε σφαλέντες τὴν τοῦ πείσαντος μίαν γνώμην ζημιοῦτε yielding to the impulse of the moment, Refs 5th c.BC+: with attraction of the relative pronoun, οὓς ἂν τύχῃς ἐπαινῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 neuter participle τυχόν, used absolutely like{ἐξόν, παρόν}, etc., since it so befell, οὕτως τ. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __5.b as adverb, perchance, perhaps, NT+5th c.BC+; τυχὸν μὲν.., τυχὸν δὲ.. Refs 2nd c.AD+ __A.II joined with the participle of another Verb to express a coincidence, τύχησε γὰρ ἐρχομένη νηῦς a ship happened to be, i. e. was just then, starting, Refs 8th c.BC+, compare 52; τὰ νοέων τυγχάνω what I happen to have, i.e. have at this moment, in my mind, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὃ τυγχάνω μαθών which I have just learnt, Refs 5th c.BC+; παρὼν ἐτύγχανον I was by just then, Refs; τυγχάνει καθεύδων he is sleeping just now, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔτυχον στρατευόμενοι they were just then engaged in an expedition, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔτυχε κατὰ τοῦτο καιροῦ ἐλθών he came just at this point of time, Refs; ἥτις δέ τοι μάλιστα σωφρονεῖν δοκεῖ, αὕτη μέγιστα τυγχάνει λωβωμένη she is just the one who.., Refs 7th c.BC+; but frequently τυγχάνω cannot be translated at all, especially in phrase τυγχάνω ὤν, which is simply ={εἰμί}, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 the participle ὤν is sometimes omitted, ὁ γὰρ μέγιστος τυγχάνει δορυξένων Refs 5th c.BC+; νῦν δ᾽ ἀγροῖσι τυγχάνειRefs 5th c.BC+ is used much like{εἶναι, Σωτὴρ γένοιτ᾽ ἂν Ζεὺς ἐπ᾽ ἀσπίδος τυχών} Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐκ ἀποδάμου τυχόντος not being absent, Refs 5th c.BC+; τ. ἐν ἐμπύροις to be engaged in.., Refs 4th c.BC+; also in later Gr., τὰ ἑπτάμηνα γόνιμα τυγχάνειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2.b τυγχάνον, ={τὸ ἐκτὸς ὑποκείμενον}, the external reality, e. g. αὐτὸς ὁ Δίων as distinguished both from the word (φωνή) Δίων and its meaning, Refs __II.2.c τὰ πράγματα τυγχάνοντα καλοῦσι (i.e. οἱ Στωϊκοί), τέλος γὰρ τὸ τυχεῖν τούτων,Refs __II.3 later with infinitive, τυγχάνομεν ἐπιδεδωκέναι we happen to have handed in.., we have just handed in.., Refs 2nd c.BC+ __B gain one's end or purpose, succeed, οὐκ ἐτύχησεν ἑλίξας Refs 8th c.BC+; τὸ τυχεῖν, ={νίκη}, Refs 5th c.BC+; τυχόντες if successful, opposed to σφαλέντες, Refs 5th c.BC+; gain one's request, Refs 5th c.BC+; in speaking, to be right, τί νιν καλοῦσα.. τύχοιμ᾽ ἄ; Refs 5th c.BC+ —passive, impersonal, αὐτῷ πρὸς τὸ ἔργον οὐδὲν ἐτυγχάνετο nothing went right, uncertain in Refs 2nd c.AD+ —in participle τυχήσας or τυχών, combined with νύξε, βάλε, οὖτα, etc., pierce, wound, etc., successfully, so that the whole phrase means hit, ἔγχεϊ νύξε κατὰ κληῗδα τυχήσας Refs 8th c.BC+; βάλε δουρὶ κατὰ ζωστῆρα τυχήσαςRefs 8th c.BC+; also apart from such combinations, hit, with genitive, προβιβάντος Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II hit upon, light upon: __B.II.1 meet, fall in with persons, Αακεδαίμονι.. τυχήσας having met [him] in Lacedaemon, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀγαθῶν ἀνδρῶν Refs 5th c.BC+: with a predicate added, μή τευ μελαμπύγου τύχῃς Refs 7th c.BC+ __B.II.2 light on a thing, τύχε γάρ ἀμάθοιο βαθείης Refs 8th c.BC+; attain, obtain a thing, with genitive, πομπῆς καὶ νόστοιο Refs 8th c.BC+; [οἴκτου] Refs 5th c.BC+; of meeting with misfortunes, βίης τυχεῖν meet with, suffer violence, Refs 5th c.BC+; τραυμάτων, κακῶν, Refs 5th c.BC+; δίκης, κρίσεως, Refs 5th c.BC+: absolutely, have the lot or fate, ἄλλος μὲν ἀποφθίσθω ἄλλος δὲ βιώτω, ὅς κε τύχῃ Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.2.b after Refs 8th c.BC+ also with accusative of neuter adjective or pronoun, τὰ πρόσφορα Refs 5th c.BC+: later the accusative is used more freely, τ. ἐπίστασιν Refs 1st c.AD+; ὑπογραφήν Refs 2nd c.AD+; βοήθειαν Refs 4th c.AD+; εὐκαιρίαν Refs 4th c.AD+; τὰ γυναίκια δεσμὸν οὐδένα βούλεται τυγχάνειν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __B.II.2.c after either case a genitive person may be added, obtain a thing from a person, ὧν δέ σου τυχεῖν ἐφίεμαι Refs 5th c.BC+; or the person may be added with a preposition, τ. ἐπαίνου ἔκ τινος Refs 8th c.BC+ __B.II.2.d with infinitive, οἶμαί σου τεύξεσθαι μεθεῖναί με Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐ τυχὼν ἐπιδείξειν (={ἐπιδεῖξαι}) not having succeeded in proving, Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist τυχ-εῖν, which was originally the aorist passive (with active form) of τεύχω 'make'; ἔτυχε = factum est, as ἔτραφον = I was nourished (see. τρέφω); senses Refs 4th c.BC+; many of the forms belong equally to both verbs; τιτύσκομαι like wise belongs to both verbs; τ(ε)υχ- from *θ(ε)υχ-, compare ἀποθύσκειν, ἐνθύσκει, συνθύξω, and perhaps Refs 1st c.BC+ taugen 'to be capable, useful', Engl. dow, doughty.)

† מִקְרֶה n.m. 1 S 6:9 accident, chance, fortune;—abs. מ׳ 1 S 6:9 +; cstr. מִקְרֵה Ec 2:15 (so read also 3:19(×2) with 𝔊 RuëtKau Wild, for MT מִקְרֶה);— 1. accident, chance, 1 S 6:9; 20:26; c. קָרָה Ru 2:3 (v. ק׳ 1). 2. in Ec, fortune, fate, מ׳ אֶחָד יִקְרֶה אֶת־כֻּלָּם Ec 2:14 cf. v 15, 3:19(×3); 9:2, 3.

† [עָתֵק] vb. move, proceed, advance (NH Hiph.; Assyrian etêḳu as H., also trans. bring, move; Arabic عَتَقَ, عَتُقَ precede, pass forth, become free, grow old; Aramaic ܥܬܶܩ, עֲתַק grow old, Palm. adj. עתק old);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. עָֽתְקָה ψ 6:8, 3 pl. עָֽתְקוּ Jb 21:7; Impf. 3 ms. יֶעְתַּק Jb 14:18; 18:4;— 1. move וְצוּר יֶע׳ מִמְּקֹמוֹ Jb 14:18, so 18:4. 2. advance (in years; Aramaic sense) 21:7 (‖ יִחְיוּ); hence = grow old and weak ψ 6:8 (of eye, ‖ עָֽשְׁשָׁה). Hiph. Pf. 3 pl. הֶעְתִּיקוּ Jb 32:16 (Gi; van d. H. Baer v 15), Pr 25:1; Impf. 3 ms. וַיַּעְתֵּק Gn 12:8; 26:22; Pt. מַעְתִּיק Jb 9:5;— 1. move forward (sc. tent) = proceed Gn 12:8 (מִשָּׁם, ה loc.), 26:22 (מִשָּׁם); so fig. Jb 32:15 (v. supr.) words have moved away from them (מֵהֶם), but v. prob. gloss (Bu al.). 2. Jb 9:5 he who removeth mountains. 3. very late Pr 25:1 transcribe (remove from one book or roll to another; 𝔊 ἐξεγράψαντο, 𝔙 transtulerunt; so in mediaeval Heb.: ZunzZMG xxv (1871), 447 f. = Ges Schr. iii. 66 f.).

ἔνειμι (εἰμί, sum), 3rd.pers. singular and plural ἔνι frequently for ἔνεστι, ἔνεισι (see. below): infinitive ἐνεῖμεν Refsfuture ἐνέσομαι:—to be in, ἄργυρος ἀσκῷ ἔνεστι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔνι (for ἔνεστι) κήδεα θυμῷ Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ τι ἐνέοι (i.e. τοῖς χρησμοῖσι) Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς λόγοις ἔ. κέρδοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __b with dative plural, to be among, NT+6th c.BC+ __c with adverb loci, οἴκοι ἔνεστι γόος Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔνεστιν αὐτόθι is in this very place, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 absolutely, to be present in a place, οἶνος ἐνέην Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐδ᾽ ἄνδρες νηῶν ἔνι τέκτονεςRefs 4th c.BC+; σίτου οὐκ ἐνόντος as there was no corn there, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἐνόντα ἀγαθά the good that is therein, Refs; ἱερῶν τῶν ἐνόντων the temples that were in the place,Refs 5th c.BC+; also, to be mentioned in a treaty, Refs 5th c.BC+; χρόνος ἐνέσται time will be necessary, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ βὴξ ἔνι the cough is persistent, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II to be possible, ἄρνησις οὐκ ἔ. ὧν ἀνιστορεῖς Refs 5th c.BC+; τίς δ᾽ ἔνεστί μοι λόγο; what plea is possible for me [to make]? Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 impersonal, with dative person et infinitive, it is in one's power, Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive only, οὔκουν ἔ. καὶ μεταγνῶνα; Refs 4th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔνεστι it is not possible, Refs 4th c.BC+; ὃ μὴ νεώς γε τῆς ἐμῆς ἔνι which it is not possible [to get] from my ship, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἔνι ἥδιστα in the pleasantest way possible, Refs 5th c.BC+: imperfect, ὡς ἐνῆν ἄριστα Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.2.b ἔνεστιν ὑμᾶς εἰδέναι it is relevant, pertinent, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.3 participle ἐνόν, absolutely, ἐνὸν αὐτοῖς σώζεσθαι since it was in them, was possible for them, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.4 τὰ ἐνόντα all things possible: τὸ πλῆθος τῶν ἐ. εἰπεῖν the possible materials for a speech, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ τῶν ἐ. as well as one can under the circumstances, Refs; τὰ ἐ. καὶ τὰ ἁρμόττοντα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4.b τὰ ἐνόντα cargo or stores in a ship, Refs 5th c.BC+; contents of a basket, Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [הָוָה] vb. become (Arabic هَوَى to fall (v. הָוָא), also to gape or yawn, and to desire (cf. הַוָּה): cf. FlDe Jb 6:2; Aramaic הֲוָא, ܗܘܳܐ the usual word for to be (prob. orig. to fall out, accidit, hence come to pass, come to be, γίγνεσθαι), Mish. id. very common) a rare syn. of הָיָה q.v.:— Qal Impf. apoc. יְהוּא Ec 11:3 (for יְהוּ with א otiosum; Ges§ 75 R. I 3 e Kön p. 597 f.; but Gr. plausibly הוּא); Imv. ms. הֱוֵה Gn 27:29, fs. הֱוִי Is 16:4, Pt. הֹוֶה Ec 2:22; Ne 6:6:—Gn 27:29 הֱוֵה גְבִיר לְאַחֶיךָ become lord to thy brethren, Is 16:4 (perhaps in imit. of Moab. dialect) הֱוִי סֵתֶר לָמוֹ become thou (Zion) a defence to them, Ec 2:22; 11:3; Ne 6:6.

ἆρᾰ, interrogative Particle, implying anxiety or impatience, = Epic dialect and Lyric poetry ἦ ῥα: __1 alone, it simply marks the question, the nature of which is determined by the context: e.g. in Refs 4th c.BC+ a negative answer is implied in the question ἆρ᾽ ἂν οἴεσθε..; but an affirmative in Refs 5th c.BC+ ἆ. βέβληκα δὶς ἐφεξῆ; compare ἆρ᾽ εὐτυχεῖς.. ἢ δυστυχεῖ; Refs 5th c.BC+; and to make it plainly affirmative, ἆρ᾽ ο; ἆρ᾽ οὐχ; Refs 5th c.BC+; ἆρ᾽ οὐχ οὕτω; Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 ἆ. οὖ; is used to draw an affirmative inference, Refs; also when a negative answer is expected, Refs; with a negative, ἆρ᾽ οὖν οὐ..; Refs __3 in ἆρά γε, each Particle retains its force, γε serving to make the question more definite, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 less frequently with τίς interrogative, τίνος ποτ᾽ ἆρ᾽ ἔπραξε χειρίRefs 5th c.BC+; τίδ᾽ ἆρ᾽ ἐγὼ σ; Refs 5th c.BC+; with ἤν, Refs 5th c.BC+ __5 in indirect questions, σκεψώμεθα τοῦτο ἆ... Refs 5th c.BC+ __II in Poets sometimes like{ἄρα}, Refs 7th c.BC+ __B In Prose, ἆ. almost always stands first in the sentence, butRefs 5th c.BC+; καὶ ὑπὲρ τούτων ἆ... Refs 4th c.AD+

ζημία, Doric dialect ζᾱμία Refs 4th c.BC+, etc., later σαμία Refs 2nd c.BC+, ἡ, loss, damage, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to κέρδος, Refs 5th c.BC+; ζημίαν or -ίας λαβεῖν to sustain loss, Refs 5th c.BC+[same place]; ζ. εἶναι νομίζειν consider as loss, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 ζ. ἐργάζεσθαι, of a slave, be guilty of a delict, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II penalty in money, fine, ζημίην ἀποτίνειν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐκτίνειν Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 generally, penalty, ζ. ἐπιτιθέναι τινί Refs 5th c.BC+; with the penalty added, θάνατον ζ. ἐπιθέσθαι, προθεῖναι, τάξαι, to make death the penalty, Refs 5th c.BC+; but ἐφ᾽ οἷς.. θάνατος ἡ ζ. Refs 5th c.BC+ penalty for.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __b simply, expense, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __III of what is bought too dearly, a bad bargain, a dead loss, Refs 5th c.BC+: usually with adjective, φανερὰ ζᾱμία Refs 5th c.BC+; καθαρὰ ζ., λαμπρὰ ζ., Refs 2nd c.AD+

† [תַּאֲנָה] n.f. occasion, time of copulation; sf. תַּאֲנָתָהּ i.e. of wild ass Je 2:24.

ἀθέτ-ησις, ἡ, a setting aside, abolition, ἁμαρτίαςNT+2nd c.AD+; 'annulling' of a deed, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II rejection (of a spurious passage), Refs 2nd c.AD+; generally, rejection, opposed to ἐποχή, Refs 1st c.BC+ __III breach of faith, Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἀποβολ-ή, ῆς, ἡ, throwing away, e.g. ὅπλων [prev. work = 5th-6th c.BC: Plato Philosophus “Leges”] 943ef; jettison, Refs 1st c.AD+; in Grammars, dropping of a letter, etc., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 loss, opposed to κτῆσις, χρημάτωνRefs 5th c.BC+

αὐτό-μᾰτος, η, ον, Refs 8th c.BC+ and Attic dialect; ος, ον Refs 8th c.BC+. __1 of persons, acting of one's own will, of oneself, αὐ. δέ οἱ ἦλθεRefs 8th c.BC+ __2 of inanimate things, self-acting, spontaneous, of the gates of Olympus, αὐτόμαται δὲ πύλαι μύκον οὐρανοῦRefs 8th c.BC+; of the tripods of Hephaistos, which ran of themselves, ὄφρα οἱ αὐτόματοι.. δυσαίατ᾽ ἀγῶναRefs 5th c.BC+marionettes, Refs 4th c.BC+ assim: generally, spontaneous, βίοςRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 of natural agencies, ὁ ποταμὸς αὐ. ἐπελθών of itself, Refs 5th c.BC+; of plants, growing of themselves, αὐ. ἐκ τῆς γῆς γίνεταιRefs 5th c.BC+; of philosophers, αὐ. ἀναφύονταιRefs 5th c.BC+ __4 of events, happening of themselves, without external agency, αὐ. δεσμὰ διελύθηRefs 5th c.BC+; αὐ. θάνατος natural death, Refs 4th c.BC+not to be accounted for externally, Refs 5th c.BC+; without visible cause, accidental, opposed to ἀπὸ πείρης, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II αὐτόματον, τό, accident, τὸ αὐ. αἰτιᾶσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+; τῷ αὐ., opposed to τέχνῃ, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ Αὐ. personified, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III adverb -τως, ={ἀπὸ ταὐτομάτου}, variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; of itself, κοχλίας αὐ. βαδίζωνRefs 2nd c.BC+ —also αὐτοματεί or -τί (which see).

προϋπ-άρχω, take the initiative in a thing, with genitive, ἀδικίας Refs 5th c.BC+; τῶν εὐεργεσιῶν, τῆς ἔχθρας, Refs 5th c.BC+: with neuter adjective, π. τι ἔς τινα Refs 2nd c.AD+ —passive, τὰ προϋπηργμένα εἰς αὑτόν benefits formerly received, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II intransitive, exist before, be pre-existent, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ νόμοι οἱ προϋπάρχοντες Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ τῶν σωμάτων αὔξησις ἐκ προϋπαρχόντων ἐστίν from pre-existent materials, Refs 4th c.BC+; προϋπάρξαντα things that happened before, past events, variant for{πρὶν ὑπ}. in Refs 4th c.BC+; τὰ προϋπάρχοντα former possessions, Refs 1st c.AD+; οἱ π. ὕπατοι the previous consuls, Refs 2nd c.BC+perfect passive, τὰ προϋπηργμένα antecedents, Refs 4th c.BC+; οἰκειότης, χάρις προϋπηργμένη, Refs 1st c.AD+ __II.2 with genitive, προϋπάρχειν δεῖ τὸ κινοῦν τοῦ κινουμένου must exist before.. , Refs 4th c.BC+; to be logically prior, μέθοδος πασῶν προϋπάρχουσα καὶ κυριωτέρα Refs 2nd c.AD+

τάχᾰ, adverb, (τᾰχύς) quickly, presently, forthwith, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+, uses it only of time, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦ τ. soon i'faith, Refs 8th c.BC+; of past time, τ. δ᾽ Ἕκτορος ἄγχι γένοντο Refs 8th c.BC+ Attic dialectProse and Comedy texts, with future, τάχ᾽ εἴσομαι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔοικα θεσπιῳδήσειν τ. Refs 4th c.BC+; πέμψον πρὸς ἐμὲ τ. Refs 2nd c.AD+; in this sense not found in Refs; τάχα ἐπειδάν, ={ἐπειδὰν τάχιστα}, as soon as, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II perhaps, to express any contingency from a probability to bare possibility, δὶς μὲν γὰρ καὶ τρὶς τ. τεύξεαι Refs 8th c.BC+, probably, perhaps, Refs 5th c.BC+, frequently in Trag. and Attic dialect; mostly with optative, as Refs 5th c.BC+; rarely with aorist indicative, Refs 5th c.BC+; with imperfect indicative, Refs 4th c.BC+; with participle, Refs 5th c.BC+; with infinitive, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τάχ᾽ ἄν alone, in answers, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἴσως τ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀμφισβητοῦντες προστιθέασιν ἀεὶ τὸ ἴσως καὶ τ. Refs 4th c.BC+; in this sense only twice in LXX __III superlative τάχιστα, see at {ταχύς} with Refs __IV Refs 5th c.BC+, perhaps-es, “fragment” 869.

† I. [אוּלַי] n.pr.fl. Ulai, Eulaeus (Assyrian Ulâi, cf. DlPa 329 Gr. Εὐλαιος) only אוּלָ֑י, river of Elam Dn 8:2, 16; = (at least in lower part) mod. Karûn (old Pasitigris) v. DlPa 177.189.329; in upper part perhaps also = mod. Kerkhah (= Choaspes), which was formerly connected with Karûn not far from Susa (LoftusTrav. & Researches, 423 ff Schaff-Herz.iii. 2178, art. Shushan).

† אִשׁ 2 S 14:19 Mi 6:10, softer form for the usual יֵשׁ (q.v.) there is, are. (Cf. Aramaic אִתַי, Arabic أَيْسَ; and on the softening of ye, yi to ’î, see Ew§ 53 c Ol p. 425 Nö§ 40 c).

† פֶּ֫גַע n.m. occurrence, chance;—abs. פ׳ 1 K 5:18 evil occurrence; Ec 9:11 time and chance.

εἰμί (sum), Aeolic dialect ἔμμι Refs 7th c.BC+; Cretan dialect ἠμί Refs; 2nd pers. singular εἶ, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect εἰς Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect and Doric dialect ἐσσί Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἐστί, Doric dialect ἐντί Refs 3rd c.BC+; 3rd.pers. dual ἐστόν Refs 5th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural ἐσμέν, Epic dialect and Ionic dialect εἰμέν (also in Refs 5th c.BC+, Doric dialect εἰμές Refs 3rd c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural εἰσί (-ίν), Epic dialect and Ionic dialect ἔασι (-ιν) Refs 8th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἐντί Refs 5th c.BC+, Epic dialect and Lyric poetry also in middle form ἔσσο Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔστω (ἤτω LXX+5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἔστωσαν, but ἔστων Refs 8th c.BC+, and early Attic dialect Inscrr., Refs 2nd c.BC+subjunctive ὦ, ᾖς, ᾖ, Epic dialect ἔω Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἔῃ Refs 8th c.BC+, also Boeotian dialect ἔνθω Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ὦντι Refs, Boeotian dialect ἴωνθι Refs 6th c.BC+, -η, also ἔοις, ἔοι, Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural εἴοισαν Ἀρχ. Ἐφ. Refs; 3rd.pers. dual εἴτην Refs 5th c.BC+; 1st pers. plural εἶμεν Refs 5th c.BC+; 2nd pers. plural εἶτε Refs 8th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural εἶεν Refs 8th c.BC+; Elean ἔα, ={εἴη}, Refs 6th c.BC+infinitive εἶναι, Refs 4th c.BC+; Epic dialect ἔμμεναι (also Aeolic dialect ἔμμεν᾽ Refs 7th c.BC+; Doric dialect εἶμεν Foed. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+participle ὤν, Epic dialect ἐών, ἐοῦσα, ἐόν, Refs 5th c.AD+; Boeotian dialect feminine ἰῶσα Refs, Aeolic dialect and Doric dialect feminine ἔσσα Refs 7th c.BC+ (also Ionic dialect, Refs 5th c.BC+; nominative singular εἴς in Refs 7th c.BC+: imperfect ἦν Refs 8th c.BC+ (also Aeolic dialect, Refs 7th c.BC+ (uncertain in Aeolic dialect, Refs 7th c.BC+ is required by metre in Refs 8th c.BC+, whence Hom.and later Ionic dialect ἔᾱ Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect 3rd.pers. singular ἦεν, always with ν in Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔην as 1st pers. singular, only Refs 8th c.BC+; 2nd pers. singular ἦσθα, later ἦς (which is variant in NT+5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. singular ἦν, Epic dialect ἔην, ἤην, ἦεν (see. above), Doric dialect and Aeolic dialect ἦς Refs 7th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. dual ἤστην Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect 1st pers. plural ἦμες Refs 1st c.AD+; 2nd pers. plural ἦτε Refs 5th c.BC+; 3rd.pers. plural ἦσαν, Ionic dialect and poetical ἔσαν (in Refs 8th c.BC+, but is rather a peculiarity of syntax, see below see, but is 3rd.pers. plural in Refs 5th c.BC+; Aeolic dialect ἔον NT+5th c.BC+, 2nd pers. singular ἦσο Refs, 3rd.pers. singular ἦστο Refs, 1st pers. plural ἤμεθα NT+3rd c.BC+; subjunctive ὦμαι Refs 2nd c.BC+; Ionic dialect and Epic dialect also ἔσκον, used by Refs 4th c.BC+future ἔσομαι, ἔσται, Epic dialect and Aeolic dialect also ἔσσομαι, ἔσεται, ἔσσετα; Aeolic dialect 2nd pers. singular ἔσσῃ probably in Refs 8th c.BC+, infinitive ἐσσεῖσθαι Refs 5th c.BC+ —All forms of the present indicative are enclitic (except 2nd pers. singular εἶ and 3rd.pers. plural ἔασι); but 3rd.pers. singular is written ἔστι when it begins a sentence or verse, or when it immediately follows οὐκ, καί, εἰ, ὡς, ἀλλά, or τοῦτ᾽, Hdn.Gr.Refs; later Grammars wrote ἔστι as substantive Verb, Refs 9th c.AD+ __A as the substantive Verb, __A.I of persons, exist, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ οὗτος ἀνήρ, οὐδ᾽ ἔσσεται Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔτ᾽ εἰσί they are still in being,Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐκέτ᾽ ἐστί he is no more, Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐδὲ δὴν ἦν he was not long-lived, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὁ οὐκ ὤν, οἱ οὐκ ὄντες, of those who are no more, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ὄντες the living, Refs 2nd c.BC+; ὁ ὤν the LXX+8th c.BC+; ἐσσόμενοι posterity,Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἂν εἶεν ἅνθρωποι might continue in being, Refs 5th c.BC+; of things, εἰ ἔστι ἀληθέως [ἡ τράπεζα] Refs 5th c.BC+; of cities, ὄλωλεν, οὐδ᾽ ἔτ᾽ ἐστὶ Τροία Refs 5th c.BC+; δοκεῖ μοι Καρχηδόνα μὴ εἶναι censeo Carthaginem esse delendam, Refs 1st c.AD+; ἂν ᾖ τὸ στράτευμα be in existence, Refs 4th c.BC+; of money, to be in hand, τῶν ὄντων χρημάτων καὶ τῶν προσιόντων Refs; τὰ ὄντα property, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐσόμενον ἐκ.. future revenue from.., Refs 1st c.BC+; of place, τὴν οὖσαν ἐκκλησίαν the local church, NT; of time, τοῦ ὄντος μηνός in the current month, Refs; in office, ἱερέων τῶν ὄντων Refs 2nd c.BC+; αἱ οὖσαι [ἐξουσίαι] the powers that be, Ep. Rom.Refs __A.II of the real world, be, opposed to become, γίγνεται πάντα ἃ δή φαμεν εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ὄν Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to τὸ μὴ ὄν, LXX+5th c.BC+; τὰ ὄντα the world of things, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄνindeclinable, τῶν ὂν εἰδῶν species of Being, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __A.II.2 of circumstances, events, etc., to happen, τά τ᾽ ἐόντα, τά τ᾽ ἐσσόμενα, πρό τ᾽ ἐόντα Refs 8th c.BC+; τῆς προδοσίας οὔσης since treachery was there, Refs; ἕως ἂν ὁ πόλεμος ᾖ so long as it last, Refs; τί ἐστι; what is it? what's the matter? Refs 5th c.BC+; τί οὖν ἦν τοῦτ; how came it to pass? Refs 5th c.BC+ things are as they are, i.e. are ill, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.III be the fact or the case, διπλασίαν ἂν τὴν δύναμιν εἰκάζεσθαι ἤ ἐστιν twice as large as it really is, Refs 5th c.BC+; αὐτὸ ὅ ἐστι καλόν beauty in its essence, Refs 5th c.BC+; frequently in participle, τὸν ἐόντα λόγον λέγειν or φαίνειν the true story, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ ἐόντι χρήσασθαι tell the truth,Refs 5th c.BC+; σκῆψιν οὐκ οὖσαν, λόγον οὐκ ὄντα, Refs 5th c.BC+; τῷ ὄντι in reality, in fact, Refs 5th c.BC+; to apply a quotation to a case in point, τῷ ὄντι κλαυσίγελως real 'smiles through tears' (with allusion to Refs 8th c.BC+; κατὰ τὸ ἐόν according to the fact, rightly, Refs 5th c.BC+; πᾶν τὸ ἐόν the whole truth, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.IV followed by the relative, οὐκ ἔστιν ὅς or ὅστις no one, οὐκ ἔσθ᾽ ὃς.. ἀπαλάλκοι Refs 8th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔ. ὅτῳ, ={οὐδενί}, Refs 4th c.BC+, = Latin sunt qui, used exactly like{ἔνιοι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστὶν ἃ χωρία, πολίσματα, Refs 5th c.BC+; the singular Verb is used even with masculine and feminine plural, ἐστὶν οἵ, αἵ, Refs 5th c.BC+; more frequently in oblique cases, ποταμῶν ἐστὶ ὧν Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστὶ παρ᾽ οἷς, ἐστὶν ἐν οἷς, Refs 5th c.BC+, = Latin est ubi, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅπῃ, ἔσθ᾽ ὅπου, somehow, somewhere, Refs 5th c.BC+; in questions expecting a negative answer, ἐ. ὁπόθεν, ὅπω; Refs 5th c.BC+; οὐκ ἔ. ὅπως οὐ in any case, necessarily, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐ. ὅτε, ἔσθ᾽ ὅτε, sometimes, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.V ἦν is sometimes used with plural masculine and feminine, usually at the beginning of a sentence, there was, τῆς δ᾽ ἦν τρεῖς κεφαλαί Refs 8th c.BC+; ἦν δ᾽ ἀμφίπλεκτοι κλίμακες Refs 5th c.BC+; ἦν ἄρα κἀκεῖνοι ταλακάρδιοι epigram cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; before dual Nouns, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.VI ἔστι impersonal, with infinitive, it is possible, ἔστι γὰρ ἀμφοτέροισιν ὀνείδεα μυθήσασθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ τί πού ἐστι (i.e. πιθέσθαι)Refs 5th c.BC+; so in imperative, optative, and subjunctive, ἔστω ἀποφέρεσθαι τῷ βουλομένῳ Refs 8th c.BC+; followed by ὥστε with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative et infinitive, ἁδόντα δ᾽ εἴη με τοῖς ἀγαθοῖς ὁμιλεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+: sometimes not impersonal in this sense, θάλασσα δ᾽ οὐκέτ᾽ ἦν ἰδεῖν Refs __A.VI.b ἔστω in argument, let it be granted, ἔστω τοῦτο ἀληθὲς εἶναι Refs 4th c.BC+ __B most frequently, to be, the Copula connecting the predicate with the Subject, both being in the same case: hence, signify, import, τὸ γὰρ εἴρειν λέγειν ἐστίν Refs 5th c.BC+; especially in the phrase τοῦτ᾽ ἔστι, hoc est; Σκαιόλαν, ὅπερ ἐστὶ Λαϊόν Refs 1st c.AD+ twice five are ten, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναί τις or τι, to be somebody, something, be of some consequence, see at {τι; οὐδὲν εἶναι} Refs 5th c.BC+ __B.2 periphrastic with the Participle to represent the finite Verb: with perfect participle once in Refs 8th c.BC+; so in Trag. and Attic dialect, ἦν τεθνηκώς, for ἐτεθνήκει, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔσται δεδορκώςRefs 5th c.BC+: with aorist participle, once in Refs 8th c.BC+; so προδείσας εἰμί, οὐ σιωπήσας ἔσε; Refs 5th c.BC+: with present participle, ἦν προκείμενον Refs 5th c.BC+; τί δ᾽ ἐστί.. φέρο; Refs 5th c.BC+ — if the _Article_ is joined with the Part., the noun is made emphatic, Κᾶρές εἰσι οἱ καταδέξαντες the persons who showed her were Carians, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C εἶναι is frequently modified in sense by the addition of adverbs, or the cases of Nouns without or with Preps.: __C.I εἶναι with adverbs, where the adverb often merely represents a Noun and stands as the predicate, ἅλις δέ οἱ ἦσαν ἄρουραι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀκέων, ἀκήν εἶναι, to be silent,Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀσφαλέως ἡ κομιδὴ ἔσται will go on safely, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐγγύς, πόρρω εἶναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ it fared ill with them, Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.II with genitive, to express descent or extraction, πατρὸς δ᾽ εἴμ᾽ ἀγαθοῖο Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.II.b to express the material of which a thing is made, ἡ κρηπίς ἐστι λίθων μεγάλων consists of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; τοιούτων ἔργων ἐστὶ ἡ τυραννίς is made up of.., Refs.ή, etc. __C.II.c to express the class to which a person or thing belongs, εἶ γὰρ τῶν φίλων you are one of them, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔστι τῶν αἰσχρῶν it is in the class of disgraceful things, i. e. it is disgraceful, Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.II.d to express that a thing belongs to another, Τροίαν Ἀχαιῶν οὖσαν Refs 5th c.BC+: hence, to be of the party of, ἦσαν.. τινὲς μὲν φιλίππου, τινὲς δὲ τοῦ βελτίστου Refs 4th c.BC+; to be de pendent upon, Refs 5th c.BC+; to be at the mercy of, ἔστι τοῦ λέγοντος, ἢν φόβους λέγῃ Refs __C.II.e to express one's duty, business, custom, nature, and the like, οὔτοι γυναικός ἐστι 'tis not a woman's part, Refs 4th c.BC+; τὸ δὲ ναυτικὸν τέχνης ἐστίν is matter of art, requires art, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.II.f in LXX, to be occupied about, ἦσαν τοῦ θύειν LXX; ἔσεσθαι, with genitive, to be about to, ἐσόμεθα τοῦ σῶσαί σε LXX __C.III with the dative, ἐστί μοι I have, frequently in Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.III.2 with two datives., σφίσι τε καὶ Ἀθηναίοισι εἶναι οὐδὲν πρῆγμα that they and the Athenians have nothing to do one with another, Refs 5th c.BC+; more shortly, σοί τε καὶ τούτοισι πρήγμασι τί ἐστ; Refs 5th c.BC+; τί τῷ νόμῳ καὶ τῇ βασάν; Refs 4th c.BC+; τί ἐμοὶ καὶ σο; Latin quid tecum est mihi? NT; also ἐμοὶ οὐδὲν πρὸς τοὺς τοιούτους (i.e. ἐστίν) Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔσται αὐτῳ πρὸς τὸν θεόν, in tomb inscriptions, Refs __C.III.3 with ἄσμενος, βουλόμενος, etc., added, ἐμοὶ δέ κεν ἀσμένῳ εἴη 'twould be to my delight, Refs 8th c.BC+ __C.IV with Preps., εἶναι ἀπό τινος, ={εἶναί τινος}Refs 5th c.BC+; but εἶναι ἀπ᾽ οἴκου to be away from.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.2 εἶναι ἔκ τινος to be sprung from, εἴμ᾽ ἐκ Παιονίης, Μυρμιδόνων ἔξ εἰμι, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔστιν ἐξ ἀνάγκης it is of necessity, i. e. necessary, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.3 εἶναι ἐν.. to be in a certain state, ἐν εὐπαθείῃσι Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν ἀθυμία, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι ἐν ἀξιώματι to be in esteem, Refs 5th c.BC+; οἱ ἐν τέλεϊ ἐόντες those in office, Refs 5th c.BC+; but εἶναι ἐν τέχνῃ, ἐν φιλοσοφία to be engaged in.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.3.b ἐν σοί ἐστι it depends on thee, Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.4 εἶναι διά.., much like{εἶναι ἐν}.., εἶναι διὰ φόβου, ={φοβεῖσθαι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι δι᾽ ὄχλου, ={ὀχληρὸν εἶναι}, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι δι᾽ αἰτίας, ={αἰτιᾶσθαι}, Refs 1st c.BC+; Geometry texts, pass through, διὰ τᾶς ἑτέρας διαμέτρου ἐόντος τοῦ ἐπιπέδου Refs 3rd c.BC+ __C.IV.5 εἶναι ἐφ᾽ ἑαυτῆς to be by oneself, Refs 4th c.BC+; εἶναι ἐπὶ ὀνόματος to bear a name, Refs; εἶναι ἐπὶ τοῖς πράγμασιν to be engaged in.., Refs; εἶναι ἐπί τινα to be against him, Refs; εἶναι ἐφ᾽ ἑξήκοντα στάδια to reach sixty stadia, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι ἐπὶ τὰς ἁφάς pass through the points of contact, Refs 2nd c.AD+; εἶναι ἐπί τινι, see above 3 b. __C.IV.6 εἶναι πρός τινος to be in one's favour, Refs 5th c.BC+; to suit, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶναι πρός τινι engaged in, Refs 5th c.BC+; πρὸς τοῖς ἰδίοις mind one's own affairs, Refs 4th c.BC+; πρὸς τὸ πονεῖνRefs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.7 εἶναι παρά τινι or τινα, = παρειναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ (assuming variant). __C.IV.8 εἶναι ὑπό τινα or τινι to be subject to.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __C.IV.9 περὶ τούτων ἐστίν that is the question, Refs 4th c.BC+ __C.IV.10 εἶναι ἀπό.., in Geometry texts, to be constructed upon, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __D ἐστί is very frequently omitted, mostly in the present indicative before certain predicates, as ἀνάγκη, ἄξιον, δυνατόν, εἰκός, ἕτοιμον, οἷόν τε, ῥᾴδιον, χρεών, etc., and after the neuter of Verbals in -τέος, and such forms as θαυμαστὸν ὅσον: less frequently with other persons and moods, εἰμί omitted, Refs 5th c.BC+; εἶ, Refs 8th c.BC+; ἐσμέν, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐστέ, Refs 8th c.BC+; εἰσί, Refs 5th c.BC+; subjunctive ᾖ, Refs 8th c.BC+; optative εἴη, Refs; imperfect ἦν, Refs; future ἔσονται, Refs 8th c.BC+ __E the Inf. frequently seems redundant, __E.1 in phrases implying power or will to do a thing, ἑκὼν εἶναι (see. ἑκών) κατὰ δύναμιν εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ ἐπ᾽ ἐκείνοις εἶναι, quantum in illis esset, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ τήμερον, τὸ νῦν εἶναι, Refs 4th c.BC+ __E.2 after Verbs of naming or choosing, σοφιστὴν ὀνομάζουσι τὸν ἄνδρα εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; of giving, δῶκε ξεινήϊον εἶναι Refs 8th c.BC+ __F imperfect ἦνissts. used where other languages take the present, __F.1 after ἄρα, to express a fact which is and has always been the same, δέρμα δὲ ἀνθρώπου.. ἦν ἄρα σχεδὸν δερμάτων πάντων λαμπρότατον human skin then it appears is.., Refs 5th c.BC+; ὡς ἄρ᾽ ἦσθ᾽ ἐμὸς πατὴρ ὀρθῶςRefs 3rd c.BC+; so also when there is reference to a past thought, τουτὶ τί ἦ; what is this? Refs 5th c.BC+, used to express the essential nature of a thing, where τί ἦν (for ἐστί) takes the place of the dative in such phrases as τὸ ἀγαθῷ εἶναι, τὸ μεγέθει εἶναι, Refs __G ἐγώ εἰμι, in LXX

εἰσί, 3rd.pers. plural of εἰμί (sum). εἶσι, 3rd.pers. singular of εἶμι (ibo). εἰσῐδεῖν, Epic dialect εἰσιδέειν, aorist infinitive of εἰσεῖδο; see at {εἰσοράω}.

ἐπιγίγνομαι, Ionic dialect and later ἐπιγενν-γίνομαι [γῑ], future ἐπιγενήσομαι: aorist 2 ἐπεγενόμην: perfect ἐπιγέγονα: __I. of Time, to be born after, come into being after, ἔαρος δ᾽ ἐπιγίγνεται ὥρῃ (i.e. φύλλα, nisi to be read ὥρη) Refs; of persons, Refs 5th c.BC+ posterity, Refs who came after him, Refs the new must prevail over the old, Refs 5th c.BC+ the following, the next.., Refs; χρόνου ἐπιγενομένου as time went on, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰ ἐπὶ τούτῳ ἐπιγενόμενα that happened after.., Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2. follow, of a fleet, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II. of things, come at the end, come as fulfilment, with dative, Refs 6th c.BC+; τὸ τέλος, ἡ τελευτὴ ἐ. τινί, Refs 5th c.BC+, supervene, καί σφι.. ἅμα τῇ Refs 5th c.BC+; νὺξ ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄνεμος ἐπεγένετο τῇ φλογί seconded the flame, Refs; τὴν ἐπιγινομένην ἡδονὴν..τοῖς ἔργοις the supervening pleasure, Refs 4th c.BC+. __II.2. come in after, Refs 5th c.BC+; come upon, assault, attack, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀφυλάκτοις καὶ ἐξαίφνης ἐ. Refs; of disease, ἀρρωστία ἐ. Refs 5th c.BC+ of additional symptoms, supervene, Refs __II.3. befall, come to pass, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.4. fall to one, become due, μισθώσεις ἐ. Refs 4th c.BC+ the accruing interest, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.5. to be incident to, Refs 6th c.BC+. __II.6. to be added, Refs 4th c.BC+.

ἴσως, Laconian dialect ϝίὡρ (see. βίωρ), adverb of ἴσος, equally, in like manner, Refs 7th c.BC+; evenly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II equally, with reference to equality, τὸ ὀρθὸν ληπτέον ἴσως Refs 4th c.BC+; fairly, equitably, ἴ. καὶ κοινῶς Aen.Refs 4th c.BC+ __III probably, perhaps, Refs 7th c.BC+ with optative is falsa lectio in Refs 5th c.BC+; ἴ. μέν.., ἴ. δέ.. perhaps so or so, Refs 5th c.BC+: used to soften or qualify a positive assertion, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV with numerals, about, Refs 5th c.BC+

συγκῠρ-ία, ἡ, = {συγκύρησις}, τὰ ἀπὸ συγκυρίης λυπήματα γνώμης chance annoyances, NT+5th c.BC+

† [הָוָא] vb. fall (Arabic هَوَى id. e.g. of a star Qor 53:1)— Qal Imv. Jb 37:6 for he saith to the snow הֱוֵא־אָ֑רֶץ Fall earthwards (an Arabizing usage).