H8618 H8618
those rising against (participle describing people who rise up in opposition or rebellion)
A participial form from the Hithpolel stem of the root קום (to rise), describing those who rise up against someone. In Psalm 139:21, the psalmist asks rhetorically whether he should not hate 'those rising against' the Lord—that is, God's enemies who rebel or oppose Him. The Hithpolel conveys intensive or reflexive action, suggesting determined, self-initiated rising in opposition. The term appears in contexts of conflict and rebellion, where adversaries actively position themselves against God or His people. The multilingual evidence consistently renders this as 'rising against,' 'opposing,' or 'resisting.'
Senses
1. sense 1 — Participial form describing those who rise up in active opposition or rebellion, specifically against the Lord. Psalm 139:21 uses this term for God's enemies who take their stand in defiance. The Hithpolel stem suggests intensive, determined action—these are not passive opponents but active insurgents. Spanish 'los que se levantan contra ti' (those who rise against you) and English 'those rising against you' both preserve the participial sense of ongoing, active opposition. The term implies military or political rebellion, positioning oneself as an adversary through deliberate uprising. 1×
AR["وَبِـ-المُتَمَرِّدِينَ-عَلَيْكَ"]·ben["এবং-যারা-ওঠে-বিরুদ্ধে-তোমার"]·DE["und-jene-rising-against-du"]·EN["and-those-rising-against-you"]·FR["et-dans-résister"]·heb["ו-ב-מתקוממיך"]·HI["और-तेरे-विरोधियों-से"]·ID["dan-dengan-orang-orang-yang-melawan-Mu"]·IT["[ובתקוממיך]"]·jav["lan-tiyang-ingkang-nglawan-Panjenengan"]·KO["그리고-반역하는-자들-과"]·PT["e-contra-os-que-se-levantam-contra-ti"]·RU["и-восстающих-на-Тебя"]·ES["y-con-los-que-se-levantan-contra-ti"]·SW["na-wanaoinuka-dhidi-yako"]·TR["ve-başkaldıranlarına-"]·urd["اور-تیرے-خلاف-اٹھنے-والوں-سے"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [תְּקוֹמֵם], וּבִתְקוֹמְמֶיךָ ψ 139:21, v. √, Hithpōʿl.