H8545 H8545
Exchange, substitute; recompense, retribution -- what is given or returned in place of another
A noun built on the root of 'exchange,' covering both the concrete act of substitution and the abstract idea of recompense. In cultic law, it refers to the substitute animal offered when someone tries to swap a dedicated offering (Lev 27:10, 33) -- both the original and its replacement become holy. Ruth 4:7 uses it for the custom of exchanging sandals to confirm a transaction. Job employs it twice: for wealth gained through exchange (Job 20:18) and for gold that cannot match wisdom's worth (Job 28:17). The one occurrence carrying moral weight is Job 15:31, where 'emptiness' becomes a person's recompense -- Spanish 'recompensa' capturing the shift from neutral swap to deserved consequence.
Senses
1. exchange, substitute — The concrete sense of exchange or substitute: a thing given or received in place of another. Central to the cultic regulation of Leviticus 27:10, 33, where both a vowed animal and its substitute become consecrated. In Ruth 4:7 it denotes the customary exchange that seals a legal transaction. Job 20:18 speaks of wealth as 'exchange' -- profit from trade -- while Job 28:17 declares that gold vessels cannot serve as exchange for wisdom. Spanish 'intercambio' and English 'exchange/substitute' consistently reflect this transactional core. 5×
AR["التَّبْدِيلِ", "مُقَايَضَتِهِ", "وَ-بَدَلُها", "وَ-بَدِيلُهُ"]·ben["এবং-তার-পরিবর্তন", "এবং-তার-বিনিময়", "তার-বিনিময়ের", "সেই-বিনিময়"]·DE["[התמורה]", "[ותמורתה]", "[תמורתו]", "und-sein-substitute"]·EN["and-its-exchange", "and-its-substitute", "his-exchange", "the-exchange"]·FR["et-sa-ותמורתה-elle", "et-son-substitute", "le-échanger", "son-תמורתו-lui"]·heb["ה-תמורה", "ו-תמורתה", "ו-תמורתו", "תמורתו"]·HI["उसके-विनिमय-का", "और-इसकी-अदला", "और-उसका-विनिमय", "विनिमय"]·ID["akan-menjadi", "dan-gantinya", "penggantinya", "penukaran"]·IT["e-e-its-exchange-sua", "e-suo-substitute", "il-exchange", "suo-exchange-suo"]·jav["ijol-ijolan-ipun", "kang-ijol", "lan-gantos-ipun", "lan-ijolan-ipun"]·KO["그-교환에", "그리고-그것의-대체물이", "그리고-그의-교환은", "그의-교환의"]·PT["a-troca", "e-sua-substituição", "e-sua-troca", "sua-negociação"]·RU["возмещение-его", "и-замена-его", "и-обмен-её", "обмене"]·ES["de-su-intercambio", "el-intercambio", "y-su-intercambio", "y-su-sustituto"]·SW["kubadilishana", "na-kubadilishwa-kwake", "na-mbadala-wake", "wa-biashara-yake"]·TR["-değişimin", "karşılığı", "ve-karşılığı"]·urd["اور-بدلہ-اُس-کا", "اور-بدلی-اُس-کی", "بدلنے", "بدلے-اُس-کے"]
2. recompense, retribution — The abstract, morally weighted sense of recompense or retribution: what comes back to a person as consequence for their choices. Job 15:31 warns that the deceived person's 'recompense' will be emptiness -- the word shifts from neutral substitution to divine payback. Spanish 'recompensa' and English 'recompense' both mark this shift toward the juridical and theological, where exchange becomes judgment. 1×
AR["جَزَاؤُهُ"]·ben["তার-প্রতিদান"]·DE["[תמורתו]"]·EN["recompense-his"]·FR["son-תמורתו-lui"]·heb["תמורתו"]·HI["उसकी-बदली"]·ID["balasannya"]·IT["recompense-his-suo"]·jav["gantosipun"]·KO["그의-보상이"]·PT["sua-recompensa"]·RU["возмещением-его"]·ES["su-recompensa"]·SW["malipo-yake"]·TR["karşılığı"]·urd["اُس-کی-تبدیلی"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)G0575 1. from (649×)G1223 1. through, by means of (582×)H3541 1. thus, so, in this manner (569×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† תְּמוּרָה n.f. exchange, recompense;—ת׳ Ru 4:7; sf. תְּמוּרָתוֹ Lv 27:10 + 3 times; תְּמוּרָתָהּ Jb 28:17;—exchange = thing acquired by exchange Lv 27:10, 33 Jb 28:17; חֵיל תְּמוּרָתוֹ Jb 20:18 wealth acquired by exchange (fig.; read poss. חֵילוֹ as his wealth (so) his exchange, Bu); recompense (for worldliness) Jb 15:31; abstr. exchanging Ru 4:7 (‖ גְּאוּלָּה).