H8442 H8442
error, confusion, wandering (moral/religious error; disturbance)
This noun appears twice with distinct but related senses. In Isaiah 32:6, it refers to speaking error or falsehood about God—moral and religious wandering from truth. In Nehemiah 4:2 (English 4:8), it denotes confusion or disturbance, something that causes disorder. The root idea involves deviation from the right path, whether in doctrine or in orderly conduct. The term suggests not just simple mistakes but deliberate or serious departure from what is proper.
Senses
1. sense 1 — The two contexts show semantic range: religious error (speaking wrongly about God) and social disturbance (creating confusion). Spanish translations distinguish 'confusión' and 'error,' while German uses 'irrend' (erring/wandering). The verb root likely relates to wandering or straying, giving the noun connotations of deviation, whether theological or practical. Both uses imply something that needs correction or judgment. 2×
AR["ارْبَاكًا", "ضَلَالَةً"]·ben["বিশৃঙ্খলা", "ভ্রান্তি"]·DE["irrend"]·EN["confusion", "error"]·FR["[תועה]"]·heb["תועה"]·HI["बाधा", "भटकाव"]·ID["kerusakan", "kesesatan"]·IT["[תועה]", "errante"]·jav["bingung", "kesasar"]·KO["오류를", "혼란을"]·PT["confusão", "erro"]·RU["заблуждение", "расстройство"]·ES["confusión", "error"]·SW["fujo", "upotovu"]·TR["kargaşa", "sapkinlik"]·urd["الجھن", "گمراہی"]
Related Senses
G4102 1. faith, trust, belief (239×)G4100 1. believe / have faith in (233×)H0982 1. trust in, rely on (105×)H3988a 1. reject, refuse (56×)G4103 1. faithful, trustworthy, reliable (54×)H0530 1. faithfulness, fidelity, reliability (47×)H0539 1. believe, accept as true (42×)H3985 1. refuse, be unwilling (41×)H0539 2. faithful, trustworthy, sure (39×)H8582 1. lead astray, cause to err (22×)H2623 1. faithful ones / saints (community) (21×)G0571 1. unbelieving, unbeliever (20×)G3982 1. be persuaded or convinced (19×)H8582 2. go astray, err morally (19×)G4105 1. to deceive, lead astray (18×)G3982 2. trust or have confidence in (17×)H2186a 1. reject, spurn (Qal) (16×)H3988a 2. despise, scorn (14×)G3982 3. persuade or convince someone (13×)G4103 2. believing, a believer (13×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† תּוֹעָה n.f. wandering, error;— 1. error in morals and religion, c. דִּבֶּר, Is 32:6. 2. confusion, disturbance, c. עָשָׂה, Ne 4:2.