שְׁנַ֫יִם, H8147
Dos, ambos, un par; numeral cardinal para dos en formas duales masculina y femenina, también en números compuestos
שְׁנַיִם (masculino) y שְׁתַּיִם (femenino) son las formas duales del numeral cardinal hebreo dos, entre los numerales más frecuentes de las Escrituras con 769 apariciones. Más allá del conteo simple, esta palabra abarca un rango semántico notable. Con sufijos pronominales se convierte en el pronombre 'ambos' (שְׁנֵיהֶם), pasando de la aritmética a la totalidad. En estado constructo con עָשָׂר/עֶשְׂרֵה forma el compuesto 'doce,' número de enorme significado bíblico: doce tribus, doce apóstoles, doce puertas de la nueva Jerusalén. Un grupo reducido pero jurídicamente significativo significa 'el doble,' como en las leyes de restitución de Éxodo 22.
1. Numeral cardinal dos — El numeral cardinal básico 'dos,' usado para contar pares de personas, objetos, unidades de tiempo o medidas: 666 apariciones, con amplia diferencia el sentido dominante. Lamec toma 'dos mujeres' (Gn 4:19); Matusalén vive 'dos y ochenta y setecientos años' (Gn 5:26); Moisés recibe 'dos tablas de piedra' (Éx 31:18). 666×
AR["أُمَّتَانِ", "ابْنَتَانِ", "اثنَينِ", "اثْنَانِ", "اثْنَتَيْنِ", "اثْنَيْنِ"]·ben["দুই", "দুইজন", "দুটি", "বত্রিশ"]·DE["und-zwei", "zwei"]·EN["two"]·FR["deux"]·heb["שנים"]·HI["दो", "दो-दो"]·ID["Dua", "dua"]·IT["due"]·jav["kalih"]·KO["둘", "둘을", "둘의"]·PT["Dois", "Duas", "dois", "duas", "oitenta", "sessenta"]·RU["два", "две", "двоих", "двух", "по-два"]·ES["dos"]·SW["Wawili", "binti-wangu", "mataifa-mawili", "mbili", "miaka-sitini-na-mbili", "miaka-thelathini-na-mbili", "miaka-themanini-na-mbili", "mkono-wangu", "wake-wawili-wa", "wawili", "wawili-wa"]·TR["iki", "ikisi", "İki"]·urd["بتیس", "دو"]
Gen 4:19, Gen 5:18, Gen 5:20, Gen 5:26, Gen 5:28, Gen 6:19, Gen 6:20, Gen 7:2, Gen 7:9, Gen 7:9, Gen 7:15, Gen 7:15 (+38 más)
▼ 3 sentido(s) más abajo
Sentidos
2. Ambos (pronominal) — Uso pronominal 'ambos': 73 apariciones donde las formas con sufijo (שְׁנֵיהֶם, שְׁנֵינוּ, שְׁנֵיכֶם, etc.) significan 'ambos/los dos,' enfatizando la totalidad de un par más que el mero conteo. Adán y Eva 'estaban ambos desnudos' (Gn 2:25); Abraham e Isaac 'iban ambos juntos' hacia Moriah (Gn 22:6, 8). 73×
AR["كِلَاهُمَا", "كِلَيْهِمَا"]·ben["উভয়", "তাদের-দুজন", "তাদের-দুজনকে", "তারা-দুজন", "দুইটাই"]·DE["beide-von-ihnen", "die-beiden"]·EN["both-of-them"]·FR["les-deux-de-eux", "tous-deux-de-eux"]·heb["שני", "שניהם", "שנים-ם"]·HI["दोनों", "दोनों-उन्हें", "दोनों-को", "दोनों-ने"]·ID["keduanya", "mereka-berdua"]·IT["ambedue", "ambedue-di-loro", "both-di-loro"]·jav["kalih-ipun", "kekalihipun", "kekalihipun;", "piyambakipun-kekalih"]·KO["그들-둘-을", "둘-다", "둘-다-그들", "둘-다를", "둘다"]·PT["ambos", "ambos-eles"]·RU["оба", "оба-они", "обоих-их"]·ES["ambos", "dos-de-ellos", "los-dos"]·SW["wote-wawili", "zote-mbili"]·TR["ikisi", "ikisi-de", "ikisini", "ikisini-onların"]·urd["دونوں", "دونوں-نے"]
3. Doce (numeral compuesto) — Componente constructo del numeral compuesto 'doce' (שְׁנֵים עָשָׂר / שְׁתֵּים עֶשְׂרֵה): 27 apariciones incluyendo el ordinal 'duodécimo' en fórmulas de datación. Moisés erige doce pilares (Éx 24:4); el pectoral del sumo sacerdote lleva doce piedras para las doce tribus (Éx 28:21); el pan de la proposición consta de doce tortas (Lv 24:5). 27×
AR["اثْنا", "اثْنَا־", "اثْنَتَا־", "اثْنَيْ-", "اِثْنَتَيْ-", "اِثْنَيْ-", "بِ-اثْنَيْنِ", "في-اِثْنَيْ-", "لِ-اثنَي-", "لِ-اثْنَيْ", "لِ-اِثنَي", "لِ-اِثْنَيْ", "لِلثَّانِيَ", "وَ-اثنَتَي", "وَ-اثْنَا-", "وَ-اثْنَا-عَشَرَ", "وَاثنا"]·ben["-এর-জন্য-বারোটি", "আর-বারো-", "এবং-বারো", "এবং-বারো-", "ও-বারো", "দুই-", "দ্বাদশ-", "দ্বাদশে", "বার-", "বারো", "বারো-", "বারোটির-জন্য", "বারোতে-", "সেই-বারোটির-জন্য"]·DE["fuer-zwei", "fuer-zwoelf", "in-Jahre", "mit-der-zwei", "und-zwei", "und-zwei-", "und-zwei-von", "zu-zwei", "zu-zweiter", "zwei", "zwei-"]·EN["and-twelve", "and-two", "and-two-", "and-two-of", "for-the-twelfth", "for-twelve", "for-two", "for-two-of", "on-the-twelfth", "two-", "with-the-two"]·FR["avec-le-deux", "deux", "deux-", "et-deux", "et-deux-", "et-deux-de", "in-deux", "pour-deux", "pour-deuxième", "pour-douze", "zu-deux"]·heb["ב-שנים", "ו-שנים", "ו-שתים", "וּ-שְׁנֵים", "ל-שני", "ל-שנים", "שני", "שנים", "שתי", "שתים"]·HI["-के-बारहवें", "और-बारह", "और-बारह-", "के-लिए-बारह", "को-बारह", "दो-", "बारह", "बारह-", "बारह-के-लिए", "बारहवें-में"]·ID["dan-dua", "dan-dua-belas", "dan-dua-belas-", "dengan-yang-kedua-belas", "dua", "dua-belas-", "pada-tanggal-dua", "untuk-dua", "untuk-dua belas", "untuk-dua-belas"]·IT["a-due", "con-il-due", "due", "due-", "e-due", "e-due-", "e-due-di", "in-due", "per-dodici", "per-due"]·jav["Lan-kalih-welas", "dhateng-kaping-kalih-welas", "ing-tanggal-kalih-welas", "kalih-welas", "kalih-welas-", "kaliyan-kalih-welas", "kanggé-kalih-welas", "lan-kalih-welas", "lan-kalih-welas-", "miturut-kalih-welas"]·KO["그리고-둘-", "그리고-만-이천", "그리고-열둘", "그리고-열둘-", "둘", "둘-", "십이", "에-대한-열둘", "에-둘", "에-열두", "에-열둘", "에게-열두", "에게-열둘", "열-둘", "열-둘째-에", "열둘"]·PT["E-doze", "dois", "doze", "e-doze", "no-doze-", "nos-doze", "para-doze", "para-décimo"]·RU["в-двенадцатой-", "в-двенадцатый-день", "двенадцать-", "для-двенадцати", "для-двенадцатого-", "и-двенадцать", "и-двенадцать-"]·ES["Y-doce", "con-las-doce", "doce", "dos", "dos-", "en-el-doce", "para-doce", "para-doce-de", "para-dos-", "y-doce"]·SW["bahari", "katika-jozi-ya", "kumi-", "kumi-na-", "kumi-na-mbili", "kwa-kumi", "kwa-kumi-na-mbili", "kwa-makabila", "kwa-makabila-", "na-elfu-kumi-na-mbili", "na-kumi-na-mbili", "nguzo", "tarehe-kumi"]·TR["Ve-iki", "iki-", "için-on-iki", "on", "on-", "on-iki-", "on-iki-için", "on-ikinci", "on-ikinci-ile", "on-ikisi-için", "ve-iki", "ve-iki-", "ve-on-iki-"]·urd["اور-بارہ", "اور-بارہ-", "اور-دو", "بارہ", "بارہ-", "بارہ-کے", "بارہ-کے-لیے", "بارہویں", "بارہویں-میں"]
Exod 24:4, Exod 24:4, Exod 28:21, Exod 39:14, Lev 24:5, Num 7:86, Num 7:87, Num 31:5, Josh 4:9, Judg 19:29, 2 Sam 2:15, 1 Kgs 4:26 (+15 más)
4. El doble (multiplicativo) — Sentido multiplicativo 'el doble': 3 apariciones en las leyes de restitución de Éxodo 22, donde el ladrón debe devolver 'el doble' (שְׁנַיִם) de lo robado (Éx 22:4, 7, 9). El español el doble, el francés double y el alemán doppelt seleccionan vocabulario multiplicativo en lugar de numeral cardinal, confirmando un sentido cuantitativo-proporcional distinto. 3×
AR["اثنَينِ"]·ben["দুইগুণ", "দুইগুণ।"]·DE["double"]·EN["double"]·FR["double"]·heb["שניים"]·HI["दोगुना"]·ID["dua kali lipat"]·IT["double"]·jav["kalih-lipet", "kalih-lipet."]·KO["두"]·PT["dois"]·RU["вдвойне"]·ES["el-doble"]·SW["mara-mbili"]·TR["iki-kat"]·urd["دوگنا"]
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Referencia BDB / Léxico
שְׁנַ֫יִם, שְׁתַּיִם (PhilipiZMG xlix (1895), 202 Ges§ 97b note)768 n.m. et f.du. two (NH id.; Ph. אשנם (and שני second), Pun. שנם Lzb380; Arabic اِثنَانِ; Sab. תֿני HomChr 47, Aramaic תְּרֵין, ܬܪܶܝܢ (תִּנְיָנָא, ܬܶܢܝܳܢܳܐ second); Nab. תרין, Palm. f. תרתן, תרתיא, Lzb388; Assyrian šinâ; on etym v. √, and especially PhilippiZMG xxxii (1878), 21–98);—m. (c. n.m.) שְׁנַיִם Am 3:3 +; cstr. שְׁנֵ�� Is…