H7919a H7919a
To be prudent, understand, prosper, or instruct; linking cognitive insight with its practical outcome of success
Sakhal captures a distinctively Hebrew intuition: that genuine understanding and practical success are inseparable. The same verb that describes comprehending God's ways (Ps 14:2) also describes David's military success (1 Sam 18:14) and Joshua's prosperity when he meditates on Torah (Josh 1:8). Arabic splits this into separate words -- fahima for understanding, najaha for prospering -- but Hebrew keeps them fused. In its Hifil causative, the root means to instruct or impart insight (Ps 32:8), and its substantivized participle yields the maskil, the wise person who both grasps truth and acts on it effectively. The psalmic title 'maskil' (Ps 47:7) may point to a skillfully composed song.
5. the wise ones (substantive) — Substantivized participle: 'the wise ones' or 'the discerning' as a recognized class. Arabic الْحُكَمَاءُ (the wise) and Korean 지혜로운 자들 confirm the nominal usage. Daniel 11:33, 35 and 12:3 use maskilim for the faithful teachers who shine like stars -- a group defined by both insight and righteous action. 6×
AR["الْفَاهِمِينَ","الْمَاهِرِينَ","وَ-الْحُكَمَاءُ","وَ-فَاهِمُو","وَ-مُبْصِرِينَ"]·ben["-বুদ্ধিমানদের","এবং-বুদ্ধিমান","ও-বুদ্ধিমানেরা","যারা-দক্ষ"]·DE["und-verstaendig-sein","verstaendig-sein"]·EN["and-skillful","and-the-wise-ones","and-wise-ones-of","the-ones-understanding","the-wise-ones"]·FR["comprendre","et-être-prudent","être-prudent"]·heb["ה-משכילים","ו-ה-משכילים","ו-משכילי","ו-משכילים"]·HI["और-बुद्धिमान","और-समझदार","जो-समझते-थे","समझदारों"]·ID["Dan-yang-bijaksana","dan-cerdas","tetapi-yang-bijaksana","yang-bijaksana","yang-memahami"]·IT["avere-successo","comprendere","e-avere-successo"]·jav["ingkang-pinter","lan-para-tiyang-wicaksana","lan-tiyang-wicaksana-ipun","lan-wicaksana","nanging-para-tiyang-wicaksana","para-tiyang-wicaksana"]·KO["그-분별하는","그-지혜로운-자들의","그러나-그-지혜로운-자들은","그리고-그-지혜로운-자들이","그리고-지혜로운","그리고-지혜로운-자들이"]·PT["E-os-prudentes","E-os-sábios-do","e-entendidos","e-os-prudentes","os-que-entendiam","os-sábios"]·RU["И-разумные","а-разумные","и-разумеющих","разумных","умеющих"]·ES["Y-los-que-entienden","Y-los-que-entienden-de","los-entendidos","los-que-entienden","y-entendidos","y-los-que-entienden"]·SW["hamaּshkiּyliym","lakini-wenye-hekima","na-wenye-akili","na-wenye-hekima","wenye-hekima"]·TR["anlayışlılarının","ha-bilgelerden","ve-anlayışlı","ve-bilgeler","ve-ha-bilgeler"]·urd["اور-سمجھدار","اور-ماہر","سمجھداروں","سمجھنے-والے"]
▼ 7 more senses below
Senses
1. understand, comprehend — Cognitive comprehension: grasping the meaning or significance of something. Arabic فَهِمَ (fahima), Korean 깨닫다 (realize), and Swahili -elewa (understand) all converge here. Psalm 14:2 asks whether anyone 'understands' and seeks God. Nehemiah 8:13 describes leaders gathering 'to understand' the Torah's words. 16×
AR["الْفَهْمِ","بِ-تَبَصُّرٍ","تَعَقَّلْتُ","عَنْ-فَهْمِ","فَاهِمٌ","فَهْمًا","لَفَهِمُوا","وَ-افْهَمْ","وَ-فَهْماً","وَ-فَهْمًا","وَ-لِ-يَفْهَموا","وَ-لِـ-نَفْهَمَ","وَيَفْهَمُوا","يَفهَموا","يَفْهَمونَ"]·ben["আমি-বুদ্ধিমান-হয়েছি","আর-বুঝতে","এবং-বুঝবে","এবং-বুদ্ধি","এবং-বুদ্ধি-সহ","এবং-বুদ্ধিমান-হতে","এবং-বোঝে","তারা-বুঝবে।","বিচক্ষণ","বুঝত","বুঝতে","বুঝেছিল","বুদ্ধিতে","বুদ্ধিমান","বুদ্ধির","বোঝা-থেকে"]·DE["considered","einer-der-understands","einsichtig-sein","ich-haben-insight","klug","sie-wird-consider","sie-wuerde-understand","und-einsichtig-sein","und-klug","und-verstaendig-sein"]·EN["I-have-insight","and-to-understand","and-understand","and-understanding","considered","from-understanding","one-who-understands","they-will-consider","they-would-understand","understanding","with-insight"]·FR["avoir-du-succès","comprendre","dans-comprendre","de-comprendre","et-avoir-du-succès","et-comprendre","et-être-prudent","ils-would-understand","le-comprendre"]·heb["ב-השכל","ה-שכל","השכילו","השכל","השכלתי","ו-השכל","ו-ישכילו","ו-ל-השכיל","ו-תשכיל","ישכילו","מ-השכיל","משכיל"]·HI["और-समझ","और-समझ-से","और-समझदार-होने-को","और-समझने-को","और-समझें","कोई-समझदार","वे-बुद्धिमानी-से-समझेंगे","समझ-के","समझ-से","समझते","समझदार","समझना","समझने-से","समझे"]·ID["aku-berakal-budi","dan-kecerdasan","dan-mengerti","dan-pahamilah","dan-pengertian","dan-untuk-memahami","dari-memahami","dengan-hikmat","memahami","mengerti","mereka-memahami","mereka-mengerti","pengertian","yang-berakal-budi"]·IT["agi'-con-prudenza","agire-con-prudenza","avere-intendimento","cantico","e-avere-intendimento","e-avere-successo","e-comprendere","essi-farebbe-understand","in-agire-con-prudenza"]·jav["ingkang-mangertos","kanthi-kawicaksanan","kawicaksanan","kula-langkung-pinter","lan-kaliyan-kawicaksanan","lan-kangge-mangretos","lan-kapinteran","lan-nganggep","lan-sumangga-mangertosa","lan-supados-mangertosi","mangertos","saking-mangertos","sami-nistha","tiyang-tiyang-badhé-mangertosi"]·KO["그리고-깨닫기-를","그리고-깨달으라","그리고-깨달으리라","그리고-명철로","그리고-이해하려고","그리고-총명을","긨닫기에서","깨닫는-것을","깨닫는-자-가","깨달았나이다","깨달았도다","깨달으리라","분별력-으로","분별력-의"]·PT["Entender","com-entendimento","compreenderam","compreenderiam","de-entender","e-entendam","e-entende","e-entendimento","e-para-dar-atenção","e-para-entender","me-tornei-prudente","prudência","quem-entenda","quem-entendesse"]·RU["-уразумели","вразумились-бы","вразумился-я","и-мудростью","и-разумение","и-уразумей","и-уразумели","и-уразуметь","и-чтобы-вникнуть","от-понимания","разума","разуметь","разумеющий","разумный","с-разумом","уразумеют"]·ES["comprenderán","con-entendimiento","de-entender","entender","entenderían","entendido","entendieron","me-hice-prudente","prudencia","quien-entiende","y-con-entendimiento","y-entenderás","y-entendimiento","y-entiendan","y-para-dar-entendimiento","y-para-entender"]·SW["aelewa","elewa","kuelewa","kufahamu","kwa-ufahamu","mwenye-akili","na-akili","na-kuelewa","na-uelewe","na-ufahamu","na-waelewe","nina-ufahamu","wangeelewa","wataelewa","ya-ufahamu"]·TR["akıllı-oldum","anladı","anladılar","anlamak","anlamaktan","anlasalardı","anlayan","anlayışlı","anlayışın","kavrayışla","ve-anla","ve-anlamak-için","ve-anlasinlar","ve-anlayış"]·urd["اور-سمجھ","اور-سمجھنے","اور-سمجھنے-کے-لیے","اور-سمجھیں","سمجھ-کی","سمجھتے","سمجھدار","سمجھدار-ہوا","سمجھداری سے","سمجھنے-سے","سمجھے","سَمجھے","سَمَجھدار"]
2. be prudent, be wise — Attributive prudence or wisdom as a settled character quality. Arabic فَطِنٌ (discerning) and Korean 슬기로운 (wise) confirm the stative dimension. Psalm 2:10 exhorts kings to 'be wise,' and Psalm 101:2 describes walking in a 'prudent' way. The emphasis falls on disposition rather than a single act of understanding. 14×
AR["أَتَفَهَّم","التَّعَقُّلِ","الفَطينُ","الْفَطِينُ","تَعَقَّلُوا","تَفْهَمُونَ","عَنْ-أَنْ-يَفْطَنَ","فَطِنٌ","فَهيمٌ","فَهيمٍ","فَهيمَةٌ","لِلْفَهيمِ"]·ben["-বুদ্ধিমান","আমি-বুদ্ধিমান-হব","তোমরা-বুদ্ধিমান-হবে","বিচক্ষণতা","বুঝতে","বুদ্ধিমতী","বুদ্ধিমান","বুদ্ধিমান-হও","বুদ্ধিমানের-জন্য","যে-মনোযোগ-দেয়"]·DE["ich-wird-geben-heed","klug","sein-wise","wird-du-sein-wise","zu-act-wisely"]·EN["I-will-give-heed","a-wise-one","be-wise","for-the-prudent","insight","is-prudent","prudent","the-prudent","to-act-wisely","will-you-be-wise"]·FR["comprendre","le-comprendre","à-comprendre","être-prudent"]·heb["אשכילה","ה-משׂכיל","השכילו","השכל","ל-השכיל","ל-משכיל","משכיל","משכלת","תשכילו"]·HI["तुम-बुद्धिमान-होगे","बुद्धिमान","बुद्धिमान-से","बुद्धिमान-होओ","मैं-बुद्धिमानी-से-चलूँगा","लिए-बुद्धिमान-होना","विवेक-की","समझदार","समझदार-के-लिए","समझदार-है","समझनेवाला"]·ID["Yang-memperhatikan","aku-memerhatikan","bagi-orang-yang-bijaksana","bijaklah","bijaksana","kamu-akan-menjadi-bijak","orang-bijak","yang-berakal-budi","yang-bijaksana"]·IT["agi'-con-prudenza","agire-con-prudenza","avere-successo","per-agire-con-prudenza"]·jav["Kula-badhé-nggatèkaken","kang-ngati-ati","kang-pinter","kang-wicaksana","kanggé-tiyang-pinter","kanggé-wicaksana","mangertosa","panjenengan-badhé-mangertos","tiyang-kang-migatèkaken","tiyang-wicaksana","wicaksana"]·KO["내-가-지혜롭게-행하리라","너희-가-지혜롭게-될까","슬기-의","슬기로운","슬기로운-자-이다","슬기롭게-되기-를","주의하는-자는","지혜로운-자-에게","지혜로운-자가","지혜로워져라","지혜롭게-행하는","통찰력-있는-자는"]·PT["Atentarei","O-que-atende","de-agir-sabiamente","o-prudente","para-o-prudente","prudente","prudência","sede-prudentes","sereis-sábios","um-sábio?"]·RU["Буду-размышлять","благоразумия:","благоразумный","внимающий","вразумитесь","для-разумного","разумен","разуметь","разумная","разумному","разумный"]·ES["Actuaré-con-prudencia","El-que-atiende","de-ser-sabio","el-prudente","el-prudente.","para-el-prudente","prudencia","prudente","sed-sabios","seréis-prudentes"]·SW["ana-busara","anayeangalia","kueni-busara","kutenda-kwa-hekima","kwa-mwenye-busara","mtafahamu","mwenye-akili","mwenye-busara","nitaelewa","ya-busara"]·TR["aklın","akıllanacaksınız","akıllı","akıllı-için","akıllı-olmaktan","akıllı-olun","akıllıdır","dikkat-edeceğim","dikkat-eden"]·urd["-سمجھدار","تم-سمجھو-گے","دانشمند","سمجھدار","سمجھدار-کے-لیے","سمجھدار-ہے","عقلمند-بنو","عقلمندی-سے","عقلمندی-کی","میں-سمجھوں-گا"]
Job 22:2, Ps 2:10, Ps 36:3, Ps 94:8, Ps 101:2, Prov 1:3, Prov 10:5, Prov 10:19, Prov 14:35, Prov 15:24, Prov 16:20, Prov 17:2 (+2 more)
3. prosper, succeed — Practical success and prosperity as the fruit of wise conduct. Arabic نجح (najaha = succeed) and Swahili -fanikiwa (prosper) isolate this outcome-oriented sense. Joshua 1:7-8 promises that Torah meditation leads to prospering; 1 Samuel 18:5, 14 report David 'succeeding' in all his missions. Wisdom here yields tangible results. 14×
AR["أَفْلَحَ","تَنْجَحَ","تُفْلِحَ","تُفْلِحُ","تُفْلِحُوا","نَاجِحًا","نَاجِحٌ","نَجَحَ","وَ-يُفْلِحُ","يَنْجَحُ","يَنْجَحُوا","يُفْلِحُوا"]·ben["ও-সে-বুদ্ধিমান-হবেন","তারা-সফল-হয়েছে","তোমরা-সফল-হও","বুদ্ধিমত্তায়-আচরণ-করত","সফল","সফল-হও","সফল-হত","সফল-হতেন","সফল-হবে","সফল-হয়েছে-তারা"]·DE["acting-wisely","du-gedeihen","du-moege-gedeihen","du-moege-prosper","du-soll-haben-success","einsichtig-sein","er-handelte-wisely","er-prospered","handelte-wisely","klug","und-einsichtig-sein"]·EN["acted-wisely","acting-wisely","and-deal-wisely","he-acted-wisely","he-prospered","prospers","they-have-prospered","they-prospered","will-act-wisely","you-may-prosper","you-prosper","you-shall-have-success"]·FR["agissant-wisely","agit-wisely","avoir-du-succès","comprendre","et-avoir-du-succès","il-agit-wisely","il-prospered","tu-peut-prosper","tu-prosper","tu-prospères","tu-réussiras"]·heb["השכילו","ו-השכיל","ישכיל","משכיל","שכל","תשכיל","תשכילו"]·HI["और-बुद्धिमानी-से-काम-करेगा","तू-सफल-हो","बुद्धिमानी-से-कार्य-करेगा","सफल-हुए","सफल-हो","सफल-होओगे","सफल-होगा","सफल-होता","सफल-होता-है","सफ़ल","सफ़ल-थ","समझदार-हुए"]·ID["akan-bertindak-bijaksana","berhasil","dan-ia-akan-bertindak-bijaksana","dia-berhasil","engkau-akan-berhasil","engkau-berhasil","ia-berhasil","kamu-berhasil","mereka-berhasil"]·IT["agendo-saviamente","agire-con-prudenza","agì-saviamente","avere-intendimento","e-avere-intendimento","egli-agì-saviamente","egli-prosperò","tu-dovere-avere-success","tu-possa-prospera","tu-potere-prosper","tu-prosperare"]·jav["badhé-kasil","kasil","lan-lumampah-kanthi-wicaksana","mboten","panjenengan-badhe-wilujeng","panjenengan-lestantun","panjenengan-saged-wilujeng","piyambakipun-kasil","piyambakipun-sami-ngrembaka"]·KO["그가-형통했다","그들이-성공했다","그리고-지혜롭게-행하리라","너희가-형통하도록","네가-형통하리라","성공하리라","성공하지","지혜롭게-행하는","지혜롭게-행하는것을","지혜롭게-행하리라","지혜롭게-행했다","형통하리라","형통하리라-그가"]·PT["agia-sabiamente","agindo-sabiamente","e-prosperará","prosperaram","prosperaram,","prosperará","prosperava","prospereis","prosperes","serás-sábio"]·RU["благополучны","будешь-процветать","и-благоуспешен","поступал-благоразумно","преуспевает","преуспевал","преуспевал-ты","преуспевающий","преуспеет","успевал","успеет","успели","успешен-был-ты","успешно-исполнять"]·ES["prosperaba","prosperando","prosperaron","prosperará","prosperes","prosperéis","prosperó","tendrás-éxito","tengas-éxito","tuvieron-éxito","y-prosperará"]·SW["alifanikiwa","alifanya-kwa-hekima","anafanikiwa","atafanya-kwa-hekima","fanikiwa","katika-kila","kwa-hekima","mpate-kufanikiwa","na-atafanikiwa","ufanikiwe","utatenda-kwa-hekima"]·TR["akilli-davranacak","akıllıca-davranacaksın","başarasınız-diye","başardılar","başarılı","başarılı-olasın","başarılı-oldu","başarılı-oldular","başarır","başarırdı","ve-akıllıca-davranacak"]·urd["اور-دانشمندی-کرے-گا","کامیاب","کامیاب-تھا","کامیاب-ہو","کامیاب-ہو-تم","کامیاب-ہو-گا","کامیاب-ہوئے","کامیاب-ہوتا","کامیاب-ہوتا-تھا","کامیاب-ہوگا"]
Deut 29:9, Josh 1:7, Josh 1:8, 1 Sam 18:5, 1 Sam 18:14, 1 Sam 18:15, 1 Sam 18:30, 1 Kgs 2:3, 2 Kgs 18:7, Prov 17:8, Isa 52:13, Jer 10:21 (+2 more)
4. instruct, give insight — Hifil causative: to teach, instruct, or impart understanding to another. Arabic عَلَّمَ (teach) and أَفْهَمَ (make understand) confirm the causative force. Psalm 32:8 ('I will instruct you') is paradigmatic. Nehemiah 9:20 credits God's Spirit with giving the people insight. Genesis 3:6 notes the tree was desirable 'to make one wise.' 7×
AR["أَفْهَمَنِي","أُعَلِّمُكَ","لِ-تُعَلِّمَهُمْ","لِـ-أُفَهِّمَكَ","لِلْتَعْقِيلِ","وَ-بِإِفْهامِ","يُعَلِّمُ"]·ben["এবং-যখন-শেখানো-হয়","জ্ঞান-দিতে-তোমাকে","বুঝতে-সাহায্য-করতে","বুঝিয়ে-দিলেন","বুদ্ধিমান-করতে","বুদ্ধিমান-করে","শিক্ষা-দেব-তোমাকে"]·DE["ich-wird-unterweisen-du","klug","klug-zu-machen","und-klug","verstaendig-sein"]·EN["He-gave-understanding","I-will-instruct-you","and-when-instructed","makes-prudent","to-give-you-insight","to-instruct-them","to-make-wise"]·FR["comprendre","et-comprendre","à-faire-sage","être-prudent"]·heb["אשכיל-ך","השכיל","ו-ב-השכיל","ישכיל","ל-השכיל","ל-השכילך","ל-השכילם-ם"]·HI["और-समझदार-करने-पर","बुद्धिमान-बनाने-को","मैं-सिखाऊँगा-तुझे","समझदार-बनाता-है","समझाने-को-तुझे","समझाया","सिखाने-को"]·ID["dan-ketika-diajar","memberi-pengertian","membuat-bijak","untuk-memberi-pengertian","untuk-memberi-pengertian-kepadamu","untuk-mengajar-mereka"]·IT["a-fare-saggio","agi'-con-prudenza","agire-con-prudenza","avere-successo","comprendere","e-in-agire-con-prudenza"]·jav["Kula-badhe-mulang-Panjenengan","kangge-maringi-panjenengan-pangertosan","kangge-mulang-piyambakipun-sadaya","kangge-ndadosaken-wicaksana","lan-ing-piwulang","ndadosaken-mangertos","ndamel-pinter"]·KO["가르치느니라","가르치리라","그들을-깨닫게-하려고","그리고-깨우쳐-주면","깨닫게-하셨다-그가","너에게-깨닫게-하려","에-지혜롭게-하기-위해"]·PT["Instruir-te-ei","e-ao-instruir","fez-entender","instrui","para-dar-entendimento","para-instrui-los","para-te-fazer-entender"]·RU["а-при-вразумлении","вразумил","вразумлю-тебя","вразумляет","дать-тебе-разум","уразумить-их","чтобы-дать-мудрость"]·ES["Te-instruiré","hace-prudente","hizo-entender","para-hacer-sabio","para-hacerlos-entender","para-hacerte-entender","y-al-instruir"]·SW["Nitakufundisha","alinifanya-kuelewa","ili-kufanya-mtu-mwenye-hekima","kukupa-ufahamu","kuwafundisha","na-kwa-kufundishwa","unafundisha"]·TR["akıllı-olmak-için","anlattı","anlayış-vermek-için-sana","bilgelik-verir","ve-öğretildiğinde","Öğreteceğim-sana","öğretmek-için-onlara"]·urd["اور-سکھانے-پر","دانائی-کو","سمجھانے-کے-لیے-تجھے","سمجھایا","سمجھدار-بناتا-ہے","سکھانے-کو-اُنہیں","میں-تجھے-سمجھاؤں-گا"]
6. consider, observe attentively — Deliberate, attentive consideration: to look carefully at something and draw insight. Arabic تَأَمَّلَ (contemplate) and Korean 살피다 (examine closely) sharpen this nuance. Psalm 41:1 blesses the one who 'considers' the poor; Job 34:27 condemns those who did not 'consider' God's ways. The sense is active, searching observation. 3×
AR["تَفَطَّنوا","لِلمُتَفَطِّنِ","يَتَأَمَّلُ"]·ben["বুঝেছে","মনোযোগ-দেয়","যে-বোঝে"]·DE["einer-der-considers","klug"]·EN["observing","one-who-considers","they-considered"]·FR["comprendre","de-comprendre"]·heb["השכילו","משכיל"]·HI["ध्यान-देनेवाला","समझनेवाला","समझे"]·ID["Memperhatikan","mereka mempertimbangkan"]·IT["agire-con-prudenza","cantico"]·jav["ingkang-menggalih","nggatosaken","piyambak-ipun-migatosaken"]·KO["그들이-깨닫지","살피는-자","주의하는니라"]·PT["Considera","consideraram","o-que-atenta"]·RU["внимали","наблюдает","помышляющий"]·ES["Considera","consideraron","el-que-considera"]·SW["anayemfikiri","huangalia","zingatia"]·TR["anladılar","dikkat-eden","düşünen"]·urd["انہوں نے سمجھا","سمجھدار","غور-کرنے-والا"]
7. sense 7 — The psalmic superscription term maskil (Ps 47:7), likely denoting a skillfully composed or contemplative song. English 'with a maskil' and Spanish maskil leave it transliterated, reflecting scholarly uncertainty. It may designate a wisdom-psalm genre or a technical musical/literary instruction. 1×
AR["بِ-فِطْنَةٍ"]·ben["মস্কীল"]·DE["mit-ein-maskil"]·EN["with-a-maskil"]·FR["de-comprendre"]·heb["משכיל"]·HI["बुद्धि-के-साथ"]·IT["cantico"]·jav["ngidungna"]·KO["교훈시-로"]·PT["com-entendimento"]·RU["разумно"]·ES["maskil"]·SW["maskili"]·TR["maskil"]·urd["سمجھ-سے"]
8. sense 8 — A single occurrence in Jeremiah 50:9 describing arrows as 'skilled' or 'effective' -- that is, arrows that do not miss. Spanish hábil (skillful) captures the transferred sense. The root's core meaning of competent wisdom is here applied metaphorically to a weapon's unerring accuracy. 1×
AR["مَاهِرٍ"]·ben["দক্ষ"]·DE["einsichtig-sein"]·EN["skilled"]·FR["avoir-du-succès"]·heb["משכיל"]·HI["निपुण"]·ID["yang-terampil"]·IT["avere-intendimento"]·jav["pinter"]·KO["숙련된"]·PT["hábil"]·RU["искусного"]·ES["hábil"]·SW["hodari"]·TR["usta"]·urd["ماہر"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. שָׂכַל vb. be prudent (Gerber47 denom. from שֶׂכֶל, but vb. early; NH סָכַל, Hithp. shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aramaic סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa. look (at), consider, Aph. instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph. (for Heb. הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; ܣܟܰܠ Pa. teach, Ethpa. understand, etc.; Sam. ࠎࠊࠋ Ithpa. look (for Heb. הִבִּיט); Assyrian šiklu, clever, šiklûtu, cleverness,…