Riches and Wealth

† I. שָׂכַל vb. be prudent (Gerber47 denom. from שֶׂכֶל, but vb. early; NH סָכַל, Hithp. shew oneself attentive (to), look; Aramaic סְכַל (rare) understand, Ithpa. look (at), consider, Aph. instruct; שְׂכַל only Aph. (for Heb. הִשְׂכִּיל), understand, make wise; ܣܟܰܠ Pa. teach, Ethpa. understand, etc.; Sam. ࠎࠊࠋ Ithpa. look (for Heb. הִבִּיט); Assyrian šiklu, clever, šiklûtu, cleverness, MeissnSuppl. 93);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. שׂ׳ 1 S 18:30 be prudent, circumspect (SS HPS); Kit Buhl Gerber al. prosper. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִשְׂכִּיל Je 23:5; 1 Ch 28:19; 1 s. הִשְׂכַּלְתִּי ψ 119:99; 3 mpl. הִשְׂכִּילוּ Jb 34:27 +; Impf. יַשְׂכִּיל 1 S 18:5 +; 2 ms. juss. תַּשְׂכֵּל Dn 9:25, etc.; Imv. mpl. הַשְׂכִּילוּ ψ 2:10; Inf. abs. הַשְׂכֵּל Je 9:23 +; הַשְׂכֵּיל (Ges§ 53 k) Je 3:15; Jb 34:35; cstr. הַשְׂכִּיל Gn 3:6 +, etc.; Pt. מַשְׂכִּיל 1 S 18:14 +, f. מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Pr 19:14; pl. מַשְׂכִּילִים Dn 11:35 +, etc.; meanings hard to classify: scholars differ greatly;— 1. look at: נֶחְמָד הָעֵץ לְהַשְׂכִּיל Gn 3:6 (J) was desirable to look upon (so 𝔊 Ges De; AV, RV to make one wise; Ew Di Buhl SS Dr al. sub 3). 2. give attention to, consider, ponder: Is 41:20; 44:18; Dt 32:29 ψ 64:10; 106:7; Jb 34:27; c. לְ Pr 21:12; c. אֶל ψ 41:2; Ne 8:13; c. עַל Pr 16:20; c. ב ψ 101:2; Dn 9:13. 3. have insight, comprehension: Je 9:23 (‖ יָדַע י׳), ψ 94:8 (‖ בִּין), 119:99; Dn 1:4; 9:25 (‖ יָדַע); הַשְׂכֵּ(י)ל as subst. = insight, understanding: as י׳’s gift to ruler and teacher, ‖ דֵּעָה Je 3:15; ‖ דַּ֫עַת Jb 34:35; ‖ מַדָּע Dn 1:17; מוּסַר הַשׂ׳ Pr 1:3; דֶּרֶךְ הַשׂ׳ 21:16. 4. cause to consider, give insight, teach: י׳ subj., acc. rei, 1 Ch 28:19, acc. pers. ψ 32:8; Ne 9:20; Gabriel subj., 2 acc. Dn 9:22; לֵב חָכָם subj., acc. rei Pr 16:23; c. לְ, Pr 21:11; הַמַּשְׂכִּילִים שֵׂכֶל טוֹב לי׳ 2 Ch 30:22 (but Be Ke Benz etc. who shewed good skill, sc. in music, v 21b); (הַ)מַשְׂכִּילִים Dn 11:33, 35; 12:3, 10 the teachers (so Ew Hi Bev; Thes Ke Behrm al. the wise). 5. act circumspectly, prudently: abs. Am 5:13 ψ 2:10; 36:4; מַשְׂכִּיל as subst. ψ 14:2 = 53:3, Pr 10:5, 19; 14:35; 15:24; 17:2; Jb 22:2; אִשָּׁה מַשְׂכָּ֑לֶת Pr 19:14.—Je 50:9 has גִּבּוֹר מַשְׁכִּיל according to Mas. (van d. H. Baer Gi), cf. 𝔙, i.e. a child-slaying warrior; but שׁ׳ Hiph. elsewhere only Ho 9:14, of miscarriage; 𝔊 𝔖 Ew and most mod. (Gf Gie Rothst) read מַשְׂכִּיל, either skilful or fortunate. 6. prosper, have success (cf. Dr 1 S 18:5): abs. 1 S 18:15; Is 52:13; Je 10:21; 20:11; 23:5; Jos 1:8 (D); c. ב, v 7 (D) 1 S 18:5, 14 (read בְּכָל־ for לְכָל־ Vrss Th HPS al.), cf. 2 K 18:7; c. אֶל, Pr 17:8. 7. cause to prosper: Dt 29:8; 1 K 2:3 (D).

† II. [צָלֵחַ, צָלַח] vb. advance, prosper (NH id.; Ph. Pi. causat. in n.pr.; Arabic صَلَحَ be in good condition, cf. Sab. הצלח Sab Denkm 93; Aramaic צְלַח, ܨܠܰܚ prosper);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. צָלֵ֑חָה Je 12:1; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְלַח Je 13:7 +, etc.; Imv. ms. צְלַח ψ 45:5; prosper, of way of wicked Je 12:1, cf. Nu 14:41; Is 53:10; 54:17; Ez 17:9, 10; Dn 11:27; c. ל rei, = be good for anything Je 13:7, 10 Ez 15:4; subj. pers., abs., Je 22:30(×2) Ez 17:15, ψ 45:5 be successful! וַתִּצְלְחִי לִמְלוּכָה Ez 16:13 and thou didst prosper to royalty (dub.; del. 𝔊 Co Toy; > StaZAW vi (1886), 337 f. Krae לִמְלָאכָה i.e. harlotry). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִצְלִיחַ Gn 24:21, 2 ms. וְהִצְלַחְתָּ֫ 1 Ch 22:11, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַצְלִיחַ Ne 2:20 +, וַיַּצְלַח 1 Ch 29:23; 2 Ch 32:30, etc.; Imv. ms. הַצְלַח 1 K 22:12 +, הַצְלִ֫יחָה Ne 1:11, יחָ֫ה—ִ ψ 118:25, etc.; Pt. מַזְלִיחַ Gn 24:42 +;— 1. make prosperous, bring to successful issue, of י׳, c. acc. of man’s way (דֶּרֶךְ), Gn 24:21, 40, 42, 56 (J), c. acc. rei Gn 39:3, 23 (J), c. acc. pers. 2 Ch 26:5, c. ל pers. Ne 1:11; 2:20; abs. send success ψ 118:25; human subj. c. acc. דֶּרֶךְ Dt 28:29; Jos 1:8 (D), Is 48:15 ψ 37:7, so prob. 1:3 (al. sub 2), 2 Ch 7:11; c. acc. מִרְמָה Dn 8:25. 2. shew, experience, prosperity, of men 1 K 22:12, 15 = 2 Ch 18:11, 14; Je 2:37 (+ ל pers. in ref. to whom) 5:28; 32:5; 1 Ch 22:11, 13; 29:23; 2 Ch 13:12; 14:6; 20:20; 24:20; 31:21; 32:30 (בְּכָל־מַעֲשֵׂהוּ), Pr 28:13; Dn 8:12 (of horn), v 24; 11:36; אִישׁ מַצְלִיחַ Gn 39:2 (J) a prosperous man; subj. דֶּרֶךְ Ju 18:5 (cf. ψ 1:3 supr.), י׳’s word Is 55:11.

πλούσιος, Laconian dialect πλούτιος Refs: α, ον: (πλοῦτος):— wealthy, opulent, opposed to πένης, πενιχρός, Refs 8th c.BC+; πλουσίῳ χαίρειν γένει in his rich and lordly race, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with genitive of things, rich in a thing, ὁ δαίμων δ᾽ ἐς ἐμὲ πλούσιος κακῶν Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 with dative, π. τοῖς ἀχρήστοις καὶ περιττοῖς NT+3rd c.BC+ __II of things, σοὶ δὲ π. τράπεζα κείσθω richly furnished, Refs 5th c.BC+; ample, abundant, κτερίσματα Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative, θησαυρὸς ἀνάκειται ὁμοῖα τοῖσι πλουσιωτάτοισι Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -ίως, ἱρὸν π. κατεσκευασμένον ἀναθήμασι Refs 5th c.BC+

עָשִׁיר23 adj. et n. rich;—abs. ע׳ Ex 30:15 + 19 times; pl. abs. עֲשִׁירִים Ec 10:6; cstr. עֲשִׁירֵי ψ 45:13; sf. עֲשִׁירֶיהָ Mi 6:12;—adj.m. 2 S 12:1, 4 (opp. רָאשׁ), Ru 3:10 (opp. דַּל); usually n.m. the rich, opp. דִּל Pr 10:15 + 3 times; opp. רָשׁ 2 S 12:2; Pr 14:20 + 4 times; opp. אֶבְיוֹן ψ 49:3; alone Je 9:22 Mi 6:12 + 5 times, + עֲשִׁירֵי עָם ψ 45:13; ע׳ Is 53:9 is prob. crpt., cf. ‖ רְשָׁעִים; Bö Ry Di-Kit עֹשֵׂי רַע; Krochm Gr CheHpt conj. רְשָׁעִים for ע׳, and פֹּשְׁעִים for ר׳.

† [עָשַׁר] vb. be or become rich (NH in der. spec., and deriv.; Aramaic עֲתַר, ܥܬܰܪ; cf. Arabic غَثَرَ abound with herbage, غَثْرَةٌ abundance, of herbage, goods, etc.);— Qal Pf. 1 s. עָשַׁרְתִּי Ho 12:9 I have become rich; Impf. 3 ms. יֶעְשַׁר Jb 15:29 he shall not be rich.—1 K 22:49 read עָשָׂה. Hiph. 1. make rich, c. acc. pers.: Pf. 1 s. הֶעֱשַׁרְתִּי Gn 14:23; 2 fs. הֶעֱשַׁרְתְּ Ez 27:33 (of personif. Tyre; + בְּרֹב הוֹנַיִךְ); Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַעְשְׁרֶנּוּ (Ges § 61 g), + עֹשֶׁר 1 S 17:25; 2 ms. sf. רַבַּת תַּעְשְׁרֶנָּהּ ψ 65:10 thou dost greatly enrich it (the land); obj. om. 3 fs. תַּ��ֲשִׁיר Pr 10:22, so Pt. מַעֲשִׁיר 1 S 2:7 י׳ maketh rich (opp. מוֹרִישׁ). 2. gain riches, abs.: Impf. 3 ms. יַעֲשִׁר ψ 49:17, יַעֲשִׁיר Pr 21:17; Dn 11:2 (+ acc. cogn. עֹשֶׁר); 3 fs. תַּעֲשִׁיר Pr 10:4; 1 s. וָאַעֲשִׁר Zc 11:5 (Gi Kt; van d. H. Baer וַאעְשִׁר); 3 mpl. וַיַּעֲשִׁירוּ Je 5:27; Inf. cstr. לְהַעֲשִׁיר Pr 23:4; 28:20. Hithp. Pt. מִתְעַשֵּׁר Pr 13:7 one enriching himself.

† מַחְמַד n.m. desire, desirable thing—abs. מַחְמַד Ho 9:6; cstr. id. 1 K 20:6 + 3 times Ez; pl. מַחֲמַדַּים Ct 5:16; cstr. מַחֲמַדֵּי La 2:4; Ho 9:16; sf. מַחֲמַדַּי Jo 4:5; מַחֲמַדֵּינוּ Is 64:10; מַחֲמַדֶּיהָ 2 Ch 36:19; La 1:10; מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶם La 1:11 Qr (v. also מַחְמֹד);—desirable, precious things כלי־מ׳ 2 Ch 36:19; sg. coll. Ho 9:6; pl. Jo 4:5; Is 64:10; La 1:10, 11; (Qr), מ׳ בִּטְנָם Ho 9:16; v. especially pl. intens. כֻּלּוֹ מַחֲמַדִּים Ct 5:16 all of him is delightfulness (‖ מַמְתַֿקִּים); elsewhere מַחְמַד עינים desire of the eyes, i.e. that in which the eyes take delight 1 K 20:6; Ez 24:16; (of proph.’s wife), v 21, 25; pl. La 2:4.

πλουτ-έω, (πλοῦτος) to be rich, wealthy, opposed to πένομαι, τάχα σε ζηλώσει ἀεργὸς πλουτεῦντα Refs 8th c.BC+becomes rich, Refs 6th c.BC+; π. μέγα, μάλιστα, μεγάλως, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὄναρ πεπλουτηκέναι 'build castles in the air', Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἀπὸ τῶν κοινῶν to be rich from the public purse, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 with genitive of things, to be rich in a thing, πόνου Refs 5th c.BC+; πλουτῖον (i.e. -τεῖον, for the sake of meter for -τέον) τέκνων.. δωμάτιον Refs __3 with dative of things, π. ἐμπύροισιν Refs 5th c.BC+; σιδήρῳ, χαλκῷ, Refs 5th c.BC+ __4 with accusative cognate, π. πλοῦτον Refs 2nd c.AD+; π. φίλους, φιλίαν, Refs 4th c.AD+

† I. [צָלַח] vb. rush;—(Thes al. cp. 𝔗 צְלַח, Syriac ܨܠܰܚ, cleave, penetrate, then advance, v. foll.);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. וְצָֽלְחָה consec. 1 S 10:6; 3 pl. וְצָֽלְחוּ 2 S 19:18; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְלַח Am 5:6 (v. infr.), 3 fs. וַתִּצְלַח Ju 14:6 +;—rush, וְצ׳ הַיַּרְדֵּן 2 S 19:18 they rushed into the Jordan (dub., v. Dr HPS), יִצ׳ כָּאֵשׁ בֵּית יוֹסֵף Am 5:6 lest he rush like fire upon the house of Joseph (or O house, etc. GASm; Now conj. יַצִּית בָּאֵשׁ); especially of sudden possession by (אֱלֹהִים) רוּחַ י׳, c. עַל pers. Ju 14:6 the Spirit … rushed upon him, so v 19; 15:14 1 S 10:6, 10; 11:6; c. אֶל pers. 16:13 and (of רוּחַ א׳ רָעָה) 18:10.

† עָתִיד [��ָתוּד] adj. ready, prepared;— 1. abs. עָתִיד לַכִּידוֹר Jb 15:24 a king ready for the onset; pl. עֲתִדִים לַיּוֹם Est 3:14 ready for the day, so 8:13 Qr (Kt עתודים). 2. ready = skilled הָעֲתִידִים עֹרֵר Jb 3:8 those skilled in rousing Leviathan. 3. prepared = impending (cf. NH = future), fpl. וְחָשׁ עֲתִדֹת Dt 32:35 the impending things are hastening (‖ קָרוֹב יוֹם אֵידָם). 4. prepared = stored up, ועתידתיהם Is 10:13 Kt (Qr וַעֲתוּדֹתֵיהֶם, to differentiate it from above) and their stores have I plundered.

εὐοδ-όω, help on the way, with dative person, σφῷν δ᾽ εὐοδοίη Ζεύς Refs 5th c.BC+: with accusative person, LXX+4th c.BC+ __2 passive, have a prosperous journey, LXX+NT; of things, prosper, be successful, ὡς Κλεομένεϊ εὐωδώθη τὸ πρῆγμα see reading in Refs 5th c.BC+; θησαυρίζων ὅ τι ἂν εὐοδῶται, ={εὐπορῇ}, NT

† [צְלַח] vb. prosper (v. BH 11. צלח);— Haph. Pf. 3 ms. הַצְלַח Dn 3:30; 6:29; Pt. מַצְלַח Ezr 5:8, pl. -לְחִין 6:14;—) 1. cause to prosper Dn 3:30 (c. ל pers.). 2. shew prosperity, be properous 6:29 (of pers.); have success (in building) Ezr 6:14; be successful (of work) 5:8 (בְּיֶדְהֹם).

πλουτ-ίζω, Attic dialect future -ιῶRefs 4th c.BC+:— make wealthy, enrich, τινα Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Ἅιδης στεναγμοῖς καὶ γόοις π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀπὸ βοσκημάτων, ἐκ τῆς πόλεως, gain one's wealth from.., Refs

† כָּשֵׁר vb. be advantageous, proper, suitable, succeed, late Aramaic (NH id.; Aramaic כְּשָׁר, ܟܫܰܪ );— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וְכָשֵׁר הַדָּבָר לִפְנֵי הַמֶּלֶךְ Est 8:5 and the thing be proper in the view of the king; Impf. יִכְשָׁר֨ Ec 11:6 thou knowest not whether this shall succeed, or this. Hiph. Inf. cstr. וְיִתְרוֹן הַכְשֵׁיר חָכְמָה Ec 10:10 an advantage for giving success is wisdom.

† [נְכֹת] n.[f.] treasure (so context demands) (𝔊L 2 K 20:13 τῆς ὑπάρξεως, cf. 𝔖 𝔗; der. uncertain; DlProl. 141 cp. Assyrian bit nakamti, house of treasure, √ nakâmu, heap up [DlHWB 462], whence ב׳ נ׳ perhaps borrowed; this favourd by NöZMG xl (1886), 731 HptZA ii. 266 (reading nakavâti = nakamâti, and Heb. ב׳ נִכְוֹתָיו or ב׳ נְכוֹתָו)).—Only sf. בֵּית נְכֹתֹה = his treasure-house 2 K 20:13 = Is 39:2.

† [מַחְמֹד] n.[m.] desirable, precious thing;—מַחֲמֻדֶיהָ La 1:7, מַחֲמוֹדֵיהֶם La 1:11 Kt (Qr מַחֲמַדֵּיהֶם). Perhaps מַחֲמַדּ׳ to be read in both; cf. Sta§ 273 a.

† I. שׁוֹעַ adj. (free), independent, noble (in station) (according to most from second √ שׁוע = ישׁע, in sense of Arabic وَسِع (cf. תְּשׁוּעָה infr.); but actual existence of such a √ not proven; Thes allows שׁוֹעַ = יְשׁוֹעַ)—noble, of rank (and, by implic., of character) Is 32:5 (‖ נָדִיב, opp. כִּילַי), Jb 34:19 (Di al. rich, but ‖ שָׂרִים, opp. דַּל).—ii. שׁוֹעַ Is 22:5, v. sub [שָׁוַע]. iii. שׁוֹעַ n.pr.gent. Ez 23:23, v. שׁ׳.

εὐπορ-έω, future -ήσω: aorist εὐπόρησα: perfect εὐπόρηκα Refs 5th c.BC+:—prosper, thrive, εὐποροῦσι γὰρ οἱ ὀλίγοι are wealthy, Refs 4th c.BC+; εὐ. ἀπὸ τῶν πονηροτάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; of things, ὅθεν ὁ πόλεμος εὐπορεῖ from which sources war is successfully maintained, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b with genitive of things, have plenty of, abound in, χρημάτων Refs 5th c.BC+; ῥημάτων, ὀνομάτων, λόγων, Refs 5th c.BC+; εὐ. ἵππων gain possession of.., Refs 5th c.BC+; εὐ. τῆς ἀληθείας attain it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 find a way, find means, absolutely, ὡς ἕκαστοι ηὐπόρησαν Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, to be able to do, ἐπιχειρεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; also εὐπορῶ ὅ τι λέγω I have plenty to say, Refs: with participle, Refs; τοῦτο εὐ. to be provided with an answer on this point, Refs; οὐκ εὐ. ὅπῃ.. not to know how to do, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II c.accusative of things, supply or furnish, τἀργύριον Refs 4th c.BC+; procure, ἄλλοθεν χρήματα Refs; bring forward, ἀποδείξεις Refs 1st c.BC+; find available, μὴ -ήσας πλοῖον (to be read πλοίων) Refs 3rd c.AD+:—hence in passive, = intransitive active, have plenty of, abound in, τινος NT+4th c.BC+; τινι Refs 2nd c.BC+; obtain the use of, πλοίου Refs 3rd c.BC+ — εὐπορηθέν in strict passive sense, being furnished, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ __III as Philos. term, opposed to ἀπορέω, have one's doubts resolved, gain clear knowledge, Refs 5th c.BC+

εὐπορ-ία, ἡ, (εὔπορος) ease, facility, of doing a thing, with infinitive, Refs 5th c.BC+: with genitive of things, easy means of providing, τοῦ βίου Refs 5th c.BC+; also εὐ. ἐν τῇ τέχνῃ, ἐκ τῆς τέχνης, Refs 5th c.BC+; εὐπορίαν τῇ βδελυρίᾳ τῇ ἑαυτοῦ τοὺς συμμάχους ποιεῖσθαι to make them a means of satisfying his brutal passions, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἡ παρ᾽ ἀλλήλων εὐ. mutual assistance, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 plenty, abundance, opposed to πενίη, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ περὶ τὸν βίον εὐ. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ περὶ τὴν οὐσίαν εὐ. Refs 4th c.BC+: absolutely, welfare, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀπορία, Refs 4th c.BC+: in plural, advantages, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀρουραίη εὐ. rustic wealth, Refs; μιῆς ὄϊος καὶ βοὸς εὐ. consisting of one sheep or ox, Refs; ἡ Εὐ. θεά Refs 3rd c.AD+ __II opposed to ἀπορία, solution of doubts or difficulties, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀμηχανία, Refs 5th c.BC+; resourcefulness, Refs 5th c.BC+

† כְּבוּדָּ֯ה n.f. abundance, riches Ju 18:21. See also i. [כָּבוֹד].

† [מַצְפּוֹן] n.[m.] hidden treasure, treasure;—sf. מַצְפּוּנָיו Ob 6 his treasures.

† [נְדִיבָה] n.f. nobility, nobleness;—sf. נְדִבָתִי Jb 30:15; pl. נְדִיבוֹת Is 32:8(×2);— 1. nobility of rank, honour Jb 30:15. 2. pl. = noble things as counselled by the נדיב in character Is 32:8(×2).