H7852 H7852
To bear a grudge, cherish animosity; persistent hostile feeling that may erupt into persecution.
A verb expressing deep-seated, enduring hostility — not a momentary flash of anger but a settled disposition of enmity. Esau's grudge against Jacob after losing the blessing (Gen 27:41) provides the paradigmatic use: sustained animosity born of personal injury. Joseph's brothers fear this same smoldering resentment (Gen 50:15). In the Psalms and Job, the verb shifts to describe relentless persecution: the psalmist's enemies hate him 'with angry fury' (Ps 55:4), and Job accuses God of turning persecutor (Job 16:9; 30:21). The German gloss's struggle to translate this word highlights its specificity — it is more than simple hatred; it is grudge-bearing with intent.
Senses
1. bear a grudge, cherish animosity — To harbor persistent enmity, bear a grudge, or cherish animosity against someone. Possibly related to the root behind 'satan' (adversary), suggesting a disposition of opposition. The Spanish 'aborreció' (loathed) and French 'haïr' (hate) approximate the meaning, but the Hebrew carries a particular nuance of sustained, smoldering hostility. Used of Esau against Jacob (Gen 27:41), Joseph's brothers' fear of retaliation (Gen 49:23; 50:15), and Job's anguished perception of divine persecution (Job 16:9; 30:21). Psalm 55:4 adds the element of angry fury accompanying the grudge. 6×
AR["تُعادينِي", "وَ-أبغَضَ", "وَ-عَادَانِي", "وَأَبْغَضُوهُ", "يَحقِدونَ-عَلَيَّ", "يُبْغِضُنَا"]·ben["আমাদের-ঘৃণা-করবে", "আর-ঘৃণা-করলেন", "আর-তাকে-ঘৃণা-করেছিল", "এবং-সে-ঘৃণা-করেছে-আমাকে", "ঘৃণা-করে-আমাকে", "শত্রুতা-কর-আমাকে"]·DE["[וישטמני]", "[תשטמני]", "sie-bear-ein-grudge-gegen-mich", "und-befeindeten-ihn", "und-feindete-an", "wird-uns-hassen"]·EN["You-persecute-me", "and-hated", "and-hated-him", "and-persecutes-me", "hate-us", "they-bear-a-grudge-against-me"]·FR["et-haït", "et-haït-lui", "et-être-ennemi-moi", "haïr-nous", "être-ennemi-moi", "être-hostile"]·heb["ו-ישטם", "ו-ישטמהו-ו", "ו-ישטמני", "ישטמוני", "ישטמנו-נו", "תשטמני"]·HI["और-उसने-मुझसे-बैर-किया", "और-द्वेष-किया", "और-बैर-रखा-उससे", "बैर-रखेगा-हमसे", "शत्रुता-करता-है-तू-मुझसे"]·ID["Engkau memusuhiku", "dan-memusuhi", "dan-memusuhiku", "dan-mereka-membencinya", "ia-membenci-kita"]·IT["You-persecute-me-mio", "[ישטמוני]", "e-e-persecutes-me-mio", "e-odiò", "e-odiò-lui", "odiare-noi"]·jav["Lan-sengit", "Panjenengan-nglawan-kula", "lan-sengit-kawula", "memusuhi-kita", "sarta-memusuhi-piyambakipun"]·KO["그리고-그를-미워하였다", "그리고-나를-미워하셨나니", "그리고-원수로-여겼다", "당신이-나를-미워하신다", "우리를-미워하리라", "원망하나이다"]·PT["E-odiou", "e-me-perseguiu", "e-odiaram-o", "me-perseguem", "nos-odeie", "persegues-me"]·RU["возненавидит-нас", "и-возненавидел", "и-враждовали-с-ним", "и-преследует-меня", "ненавидят-меня", "преследуешь-меня"]·ES["Y-aborreció", "me-odian", "me-persigues", "nos-odie", "y-lo-odiaron", "y-me-odia"]·SW["Na-akamchukia", "akamruka-akamfikiri", "kwamba", "na-inanichukia", "unaniadhibu", "wananichukia"]·TR["Ve-kin-tuttu", "düşman-oluyorsun-bana", "düşmanlık-ediyorlar-bana", "kin-besler-bize", "ve-düşman-oldu-bana", "ve-düşman-oldular-ona"]·urd["اور-دشمنی-رکھی", "اور-دشمنی-رکھی-مجھ-سے", "اور-دشمنی-کی-اس-سے", "دشمنی-کرے-گا-ہم-سے", "دُشمَنی-کَرتے-مُجھ-سے", "ستاتا ہے"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [שָׂטַם] vb. bear a grudge, cherish animosity, against (NH שָׂטַם Niph., 𝔗 Gn 27:41 שְׂטַם; perhaps akin to שׂטן q.v.);— Qal Impf. 3 ms. וַיִּשְׂטֹם Gn 27:41, 3 mpl. sf. יִשְׂטְמוּנִי ψ 55:4, etc.;—cherish animosity against, acc. pers. Gn 27:41 (J), 49:23 (poem in J), 50:15 (E), + בְּאַף ψ 55:4; of י׳’s persistent assaults on Job, Jb 16:9; 30:21.