H7493 H7493
To quake, tremble, or shake; causatively, to make tremble; also of grain waving or an animal leaping
A verb whose primary force is the violent shaking of the earth or the trembling of creation before divine power. When God descends at Sinai, the mountains quake (Judg 5:4; Ps 68:8); when his voice thunders, the earth trembles (Ps 18:7). The Hifil intensifies this into divine agency—God himself shakes the heavens and the earth (Hag 2:6). Yet the same root yields two surprising extensions: grain waving abundantly on a hilltop (Ps 72:16) and a war-horse made to leap with terrifying energy (Job 39:20). Spanish 'temblar' and French 'trembler' track the core seismic meaning, while German 'erbeben' adds the sense of awe-struck reverberating.
Senses
1. tremble, quake — The core Qal sense of trembling or quaking, typically describing the earth, mountains, or foundations shaking in response to theophany, divine judgment, or catastrophic events. The earth quaked when God marched from Seir (Judg 5:4), shook at the blast of his nostrils (2 Sam 22:8 / Ps 18:7), and will tremble when nations fall (Jer 49:21). Spanish 'temblar' and French 'trembler' render this uniformly, while German 'beben' echoes the deep seismic resonance. 22×
AR["ارْتَجَّتِ","ارْتَجَّتْ","ارْتَجَّتْ-","ارْتَعَشَتْ","اِرْتَجَّتْ","تَتَزَلْزَلُ","تَرْتَجِفُ","تَرْتَعِدُ","تَرْتَعِشُ","رَجَفَتِ","فَ-تَرْتَجِفُ","وَ-تَرْتَجِفُ","وَ-تَرْتَعِدُ","وَارْتَعَشَتْ","وَتَرْتَعِشُ","وَتَزَلْزَلَتْ"]·ben["আর-কম্পিত-হয়েছে","এবং-কাঁপবে","এবং-নড়ল","ও-কাঁপবে","ও-কাঁপেছে","কম্পিত-হচ্ছে","কম্পিত-হয়-","কম্পিত-হয়েছে","কাঁপবে","কাঁপল","কাঁপে","কাঁপেছে"]·DE["[ירעשו]","[תרעשנה]","beben","erbebte","und-beben","und-erbebte","und-es-trembled","zitterte"]·EN["and-it-trembled","and-shake","and-tremble","and-trembled","and-trembles","and-will-quake","and-will-shake","quake","quaked","quaking","shake","shall-shake","tremble","trembled","trembles"]·FR["et-cela-trembla","et-trembler","trembla","trembler"]·heb["ו-ירעשו","ו-ירעשוּ","ו-רעשוּ","ו-תרעש","ירעשו","ירעשו-","נרעשה","רָעשוּ","רועשים","רעשה","רעשו","תרעש","תרעשנה"]·HI["और-काँपी","और-काँपें","और-काँपेंगे","और-कांपेगी","और-डोली","और-हिली","काँप-उठी-है","काँपते-हैं","काँपी","कांप-उठी","कांप-रहे-थे-वे","कांपती-है","कांपी","कांपें","कांपेंगे","हिलते-हैं"]·ID["akan-bergetar","bergemetar","bergetar","berguncang","dan-bergetar","dan-berguncang","dan-gemetar","gemetar"]·IT["e-esso-tremò","e-tremare","e-tremo'","tremare","tremo'","tremò"]·jav["badhe-geter","gemeter","geter","horeg","lan-bumi-gonjang-ganjing","lan-gonjang-ganjing","lan-goyang","lan-horeg","lan-lindhu","mugi-goyang","saha-geter","sami-geter"]·KO["그리고-떨렸도다","그리고-진동하리라","그리고-진동하였다","그리고-진동했다","그리고-흔들렸으니","그리고-흔들리게-하라","떨고-있었다","떨리리라","떨었다","진동하도다","진동하였다","흔들렸도다","흔들리도다","흔들리리라","흔들릴-것이다"]·PT["E-tremeu","e-abalou-se","e-estremecerão","e-estremeceu","e-tremeram","e-tremerá","e-tremerão","estremeceram","treme","tremendo","tremeram","tremermos","tremerão","tremeu"]·RU["И-затряслась","задрожат","и-задрожала","и-затряслась","и-затрясутся","и-потрясутся","и-содрогнётся","и-сотрясаются","содрогается","содрогаются","содрогнулась","содрогнутся","сотрясаются-","сотряслась","сотряслись","тряслась","трясутся"]·ES["se-estremecen","temblaban","temblarán","tembló","tiembla","tiemblan","tiemblen-","y-temblará","y-temblarán","y-tembló","y-tiembla","y-tiemblan"]·SW["Na-imetetemeka","ilitetemeka","imetetemeka","inatetemeka","na-ikatetemeka","na-ilitetemeka","na-itatetemeka","na-vizingiti-vitetemeke","na-yanatetemeka","na-zitatetemeka","vitatetemeka","yametetemeka","yatetemeke","zitatetemeka"]·TR["sarsar","sarsılacak","sarsılacaklar","sarsıldı","sarsılıyorlar","titrerler-","ve-sarsildai","ve-sarsıldı","ve-sarsılsın","ve-titrecek","ve-titredi","ve-titrer"]·urd["اور-لرزی","اور-لرزیں-گے","اور-کانپی","اور-کانپیں","اور-کانپیں-گی","اور-کانپے-گی","لرزتے-ہیں","کانپ-رہے-تھے","کانپتی-ہے","کانپی","کانپیں","کانپیں-گی","کانپیں-گے","کانپے","ہل-گئی"]
2. cause to shake — The Hifil causative meaning to cause shaking or trembling, with God as the typical agent. Psalm 60:2 laments 'You have shaken the land,' Isaiah 14:16 marvels at the tyrant who 'made the earth tremble,' and Haggai 2:6–7 promises God will shake heavens, earth, sea, and nations. Spanish 'haré temblar' and French 'faire trembler' consistently mark the causative force, distinguishing divine agency from the intransitive quaking of sense 1. 6×
AR["أَرجَفتَ","أَرْجَفْتُ","أُزَلْزِلُ","الْمُزَعْزِعُ","وَأُزَلْزِلُ"]·ben["আমি-কাঁপিয়েছিলাম","ও-কাঁপাব","কম্পমান-করছি","কম্পমান-করব","তুমি-কাঁপিয়েছ","যে-কাঁপিয়েছিল"]·DE["[הרעשתי]","beben","erbebte","und-erbebte"]·EN["I-made-shake","You-have-shaken","and-I-will-shake","shaking"]·FR["et-trembler","le-trembler","trembler"]·heb["הרעשת","הרעשתי","ו-הרעשתי","מרעיש"]·HI["और-मैं-हिलाउंगा","कांपाया-मैंने","तूने-कंपाई","हिलाउंगा","हिलाने-वाला"]·ID["Aku-menggetarkan","Dan-menggoncangkan","menggoncangkan","yang-menggoyahkan"]·IT["e-tremare","tremare","tremo'"]·jav["Kawula-nggoyangaken","ingkang-ngorugaken","lan-Kawula-nggoyangaken","nalika","nggoyangaken"]·KO["그리고-흔들리라","떨게-했다-내가","주께서-진동시키셨나이다","흔드는다","흔든다","흔들던"]·PT["E-farei-tremer","Fizeste-tremer","farei-tremer","fiz-tremer","que-fazia-estremecer"]·RU["И-потрясу","потряс-Ты","потряс-Я","потрясавший","потрясу"]·ES["Y-haré-temblar","haré-temblar","hice-temblar","hiciste-temblar","que-hacía-estremecer"]·SW["Umeitikisa","aliyezitikisa","na-nitatikisa","niliyafanya-kutetemeka","ninatikisa"]·TR["Ve-sarsacağım","sarsacağım","sarstti","sarstım","titreten"]·urd["اور-ہلاؤں-گا","کانپائیں-میں-نے","ہلاؤں-گا","ہلانے-والا","ہِلا-دِیا"]
3. wave, sway — A unique Qal usage in Psalm 72:16 describing the waving or rustling of abundant grain atop mountains—a messianic image of agricultural blessing so great that hilltops sway like the cedars of Lebanon. The same root that conveys terrifying seismic force here evokes the gentle, rhythmic motion of a bountiful harvest. Spanish 'ondear' (to undulate) captures this distinctive nuance. 1×
AR["يَهْتَزُّ"]·ben["নড়বে"]·DE["erbebte"]·EN["may-it-wave"]·FR["trembler"]·heb["ירעש"]·HI["लहराएगा"]·ID["bergoyang"]·IT["tremo'"]·jav["mugi-ngoyag"]·KO["흔들리리이다"]·PT["ondule"]·RU["да-зашумит"]·ES["ondeará"]·SW["itayumba"]·TR["dalgalansın"]·urd["لہرائے-گا"]
4. make leap — A singular Hifil usage in Job 39:20 meaning to cause an animal to leap or bound, applied to the war-horse that God has endowed with terrifying power. The rhetorical question 'Do you make it leap like a locust?' uses the shaking root to convey explosive, springlike motion. Spanish '¿Lo haces saltar?' (Do you make it jump?) renders this vividly, showing how the trembling root extends to violent, directed physical energy. 1×
AR["هَلْ-تُرْعِبُهُ"]·ben["তুমি-কি-তাকে-কাঁপাতে-পারো"]·DE["erbebte"]·EN["do-you-make-it-leap"]·FR["התרעישנו"]·heb["ה-תרעישנו"]·HI["क्या-तू-कुदाता-है-उसे"]·ID["Apakah-engkau-membuatnya melompat"]·IT["fare-voi-fare-esso-leap"]·jav["Punapa-panjenengan-ndamel-mlumpat"]·KO["네가-뛰게-하겠느냐-그것을"]·PT["Fá-lo-ás-saltar"]·RU["заставляешь-ли-скакать-его"]·ES["¿Lo-haces-saltar"]·SW["je-unamsumbua"]·TR["mı-Zıplatırsın-onu"]·urd["کیا-تو-اُسے-کدواتا-ہے"]
Related Senses
H4325 1. water, waters (582×)H6965b 1. Qal: to rise, arise, get up (432×)H3701 1. silver (the metal) (391×)H2091 1. gold (the metal) (389×)H0068 1. stone, rock (material/object) (267×)G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H5178a 1. bronze/copper as metal (131×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)H0216 1. light (general / metaphorical) (116×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H6083 1. dust, dry earth, soil (108×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8313 1. burn, set fire to (94×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2734 1. anger was kindled (82×)G5204 1. water (80×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [רָעַשׁ] vb. quake, shake, intr. (NH = BH, so Aramaic ܪܥܰܫ (rare), and (once) רְעַשׁ toss, rage (of sea); Arabic رَعَسَ, usually رَعِشَ, رَعَشَ (loan-word?), tremble, quiver, quake; cf. perhaps Assyrian rêšu exult);— Qal Pf. 3 fs. רָֽעֲשָׁה Je 8:16; 49:21, רָעָ֑שָׁה Ju 5:4 ψ 68:9; 3 pl. רָעֲשׁוּ Jo 2:10 +, etc. Impf. 3 ms. יִרְעַשׁ ψ 72:16, 3 fpl. תִּרְעַשְׁנָה Ez 26:10, etc.; Pt. pl. רֹעֲשִׁים…