H7264 H7264
To tremble, quake, rage, or be agitated; of the earth shaking, people trembling in fear, or persons raging in fury; causatively, to disturb or provoke.
Ragaz captures the full spectrum of violent agitation — from the earth quaking beneath one's feet, to a person trembling in terror, to a king shaking with fury. Its Qal stem encompasses both fear-induced trembling and anger-driven agitation, a combination that might seem contradictory until one notices that the common thread is loss of composure, an involuntary physical shaking whether from dread or rage. The Hifil causative extends this into making others tremble or provoking them to anger. Arabic rajaza ('to tremble with rage or fear') preserves exactly this double valence, and Aramaic regaz ('to tremble, rage') confirms the root's ancient dual character. Spanish distinguishes the poles neatly: temblar for fear and enfurecerse for rage, revealing the two emotional currents that Hebrew holds in a single verb.
1. tremble, quake in fear — The Qal sense of trembling or quaking in fear or awe — the dominant meaning at 26 occurrences. The peoples hear of the Exodus and tremble (Exod 15:14); the earth quakes at God's presence (Ps 99:1; Joel 2:1); David's heart is shattered and the whole city trembles at Absalom's death (2 Sam 18:33). The subject may be human or cosmic — nations, mountains, and the earth itself all ragaz before God. Spanish temblar/estremecerse, German erzittern, and Korean 떨다 all select involuntary-shaking vocabulary. The multilingual convergence on physical trembling confirms this as the word's semantic core, from which the rage senses develop as a secondary extension. 26×
AR["ارْتَجَّتِ","ارْتَعَدَتِ","ارْتَعَدَتْ","ارْتَعَدُوا","ارْتَعِدُوا","تَرْتَجِفُ","تَرْتَعِدُ","تَرْتَعِشُ","فَيَرْتَعِدُونَ","وَ-ارتَجَفَت","وَ-ارْتَجَّتِ","وَ-ارْتَعَشَ","وَارْتَعَشَتْ","وَيَرْتَعِدُونَ","يَرتَجِفُ","يَرْتَعِدُونَ","يَرْتَعِدْ","يَضْطَرِبُ"]·ben["আর-কাঁপবে","আর-কেঁপে-উঠল","এবং-কাঁপবে","এবং-কাঁপল","এবং-কাঁপলেন","ও-কাঁপেছে","ও-না","কম্পিত-হও","কম্পিত-হয়েছিল","কম্পিত-হল","কম্পিত-হোক","কাঁপতে-থাকে","কাঁপল","কাঁপে","তারা-কাঁপবে","তারা-কাঁপল","সে-কম্পিত-হবে"]·DE["[ותרגז]","[ירגז]","[ירגזו]","[ירגזון]","[רגזה]","bebte","lass-zittern","quaked","sie-soll-tremble","sie-zittern","und-erzittern","und-es-quaked","und-sie-wird-zittern","und-trembled"]·EN["and-it-quaked","and-they-will-tremble","and-trembled","let-tremble","quaked","quakes","shook","they-shall-tremble","they-tremble","they-will-tremble","tremble","trembled","trembles","trembling"]·FR["[ירגז]","et-cela-quaked","et-ils-fera-tremble","et-trembla","et-trembler","ils-devra-tremble","ils-trembler","quaked","trembler"]·heb["ו-ירגז","ו-ירגזו","ו-רגזה","ו-רגזו","ו-תרגז","יִרגְּזוּ","ירגז","ירגזו","ירגזון","רָגזה","רגזה","רגזו"]·HI["और-काँपा","और-काँपी","और-कांपे","और-कांपेंगे","काँपती","काँपती-है","काँपे","काँपें","काँपेगा","काँपो","कांपीं","डोलेगा","तुम्हारी-खबर","थरथराईं","यिर्गेज़ू","रागज़ाह","वे-काँपेंगे"]·ID["Gemetarlah","bergetar","biarlah-gemetar","dan-akan-gemetar","dan-bergoncanglah","dan-berguncang","dan-gemetar","dan-gemetarlah","gemetar","ia-gemetar","lagi-berguncang","mereka-akan-gemetar","mereka-gemetar"]·IT["[ירגז]","e-essi-fara-tremare","e-esso-quaked","e-tremare","e-tremò","essi-dovrà-trema","essi-tremare","quaked","tremare","trembles","tremo'"]·jav["Geter-a","Lan-geter","badhé-gemeter","badhé-gumeter","geter","gumeter","lan-geter","lan-gumeter","mugi-gemeter","obah","tiyang-gumeter"]·KO["그들이-떨리라","그리고-그들이-떨-것이다","그리고-떨렸다","그리고-떨렸도다","그리고-떨리라","그리고-진동했다","떨-것이다","떨것이다","떨라","떨렸다","떨렸도다","떨리고","떨리도다","떨리라","떨린다","떨며-나오리라","떨었나이다","떨었도다"]·PT["E-tremeu","Tremei","agitaram-se","e-tremeram","e-tremerão","e-tremeu","estremeceram","tremam","treme","tremem","tremeram;","tremerá","tremerão","tremeu"]·RU["будет-тревожиться","будет-трепетать","гневайтесь","да-трепещут","задрожат","затрепетали","и-встрепенутся","и-затрепетало","и-содрогнулась","и-содрогнулись","и-содрогнулся","поколебались","содрогается","содрогалась","содрогались","содрогнулись","трепещут","трясётся"]·ES["Temblad","se-conmovieron","se-estremecerá","se-estremecieron","temblaban","temblaron","temblará","temblarán","tembló","tiembla","tiemblen","y-se-estremeció","y-temblaron","y-temblarán","y-tembló"]·SW["Tetemekeni","hutetemeka","ilitetema","ilitetemeka","imetetemeka","kutetemeka","na-akatetemeka","na-ikatetemeka","na-ilitetemeka","na-watatetemeka","na-watetemeke","sumbuliwa","watatetemeka","watetemeke","yanatetemeka","zilitetemeka"]·TR["sallandı","sarsılacak","sarsıldı","sarsılmayacak","titredi","titrediler","titrer","titresinler","titretecekler","titreyiniz","titriyorlar","ve-sarsıldı","ve-titedi","ve-titredi","ve-titreyecekler"]·urd["اور-کانپ-اُٹھا","اور-کانپ-اٹھا","اور-کانپی","اور-کانپیں-گے","اور-کانپیں-گے-وہ","اور-کانپے","لرزیں","لرزے","وہ-کانپے-گی","کانپتی-ہے","کانپتے-ہیں","کانپو","کانپی","کانپیں","کانپیں-گی","کانپیں-گے","کانپے-گا"]
Exod 15:14, Deut 2:25, 1 Sam 14:15, 2 Sam 7:10, 2 Sam 18:33, 2 Sam 22:8, 1 Chr 17:9, Ps 4:4, Ps 18:7, Ps 77:16, Ps 77:18, Ps 99:1 (+14 more)
▼ 5 more senses below
Senses
2. rage intensely (Hitpael) — The Hitpael reflexive-intensive sense: to rage furiously, to be in a sustained state of fury. All 4 occurrences describe the same event from two parallel accounts — the Assyrian king's arrogant raging against God (2 Kgs 19:27-28 = Isa 37:28-29). God says: 'Because your raging against me has come to my ears, I will put my hook in your nose.' Spanish enfurecerte and the repeated multilingual 'raging' translations mark this as vehement, sustained fury rather than momentary agitation. The Hitpael morphology intensifies and reflexivizes the emotion: the subject works himself into a frenzy. 4×
AR["اِهْتِيَاجَكَ","اِهْتِيَاجِكَ","هَيَجَانَكَ","هَيَجَانِكَ"]·ben["তোমার-ক্রোধ","তোমার-ক্রোধকে"]·DE["dein-raging","erzittern"]·EN["your-raging"]·FR["ton-enragé","trembler"]·heb["התרגזך"]·HI["क्रोधित-होना-तेरा","तेरा-क्रोधित-होना"]·ID["kemarahanmu","mengamukmu"]·IT["tremare","tuo-raging"]·jav["dhateng-Kawula","duka-panjenengan"]·KO["너의-분노함을","너의-분노함이","노함-니의"]·PT["enfurecer-teu"]·RU["гнев-твой","ярость-твою"]·ES["tu-enfurecerte"]·SW["hasira-yako"]·TR["ofkelenmen","ofkelenmeni","öfkelenmenin"]·urd["تیرا-غصہ-کرنا","غصہ-ہونا-تیرا"]
3. cause to tremble (Hifil) — The Hifil causative sense of making something or someone tremble physically — 4 occurrences where God is typically the agent shaking the cosmos. God 'shakes the earth from its place' (Job 9:6); the LORD will 'make the heavens tremble' (Isa 13:13); the tyrant who 'made the earth tremble' and kingdoms shake (Isa 14:16); the LORD 'shook' nations through Tyre's fall (Isa 23:11). Spanish hacer estremecer ('to cause to tremble') and German erschüttern ('to shake') both use dedicated causative constructions, mirroring the Hebrew Hifil precisely. 4×
AR["أَرْعَبَ","أُزَلْزِلُ","المُزَلْزِلُ","الْمُزَلْزِلُ"]·ben["আমি-কাঁপাব","কাঁপিয়েছেন","যিনি-কাঁপান","যে-কাঁপিয়েছিল"]·DE["[המרגיז]","erzittern"]·EN["I-will-make-tremble","causing-to-tremble","he-shook","the-One-shaking"]·FR["le-trembler","trembler"]·heb["ארגיז","ה-מרגיז","הרגיז","מרגיז"]·HI["कंपाया","काँपने-वाला","कांपाने-वाला","मैं-कांपाऊंगा"]·ID["Aku-guncangkan","Yang-mengguncangkan","mengguncangkan","yang-mengguncangkan"]·IT["il-the-One-shaking","tremare"]·jav["ingkang-nggoyang","ingkang-nggègèraken","kawula-badhé-goyangaken","nggegeraken"]·KO["떨게-하리라","떨게-하셨으니","띄들게-하던","흔드시는-분-은"]·PT["O-que-faz-tremer","farei-tremer","fez-tremer","que-fazia-tremer"]·RU["всколыхнул","потрясу","сотрясавший","сотрясающий"]·ES["El-que-sacude","haré-estremecer","hizo-temblar","que-hacía-temblar"]·SW["aliyeitikisa","ametetemesha","anayeitikisa","nitazitikisa"]·TR["sarsacagım","sarsan","sarsana","sarstti"]·urd["کانپ-اُٹھاؤں-گا","کانپنے-والا","ہلانے-والا","ہلایا"]
4. rage, be agitated — The Qal sense of emotional agitation, rage, or fury directed at someone — 3 occurrences where the trembling is anger rather than fear. In Proverbs 29:9 a fool 'rages' when taken to court; in Isaiah 28:21 God rises in 'strange' fury for his work; in Ezekiel 16:43 Jerusalem 'raged' against God (though the text is disputed). Spanish enfurecerse distinguishes this from temblar, while French uses s'irriter ('to become irritated'). The boundary between this sense and sense 1 lies in the emotional cause: fear versus anger, though both produce visible physical agitation. 3×
AR["وَ-يَغْضَبُ","وَارْتَعَشْتِ-","يَرْتَجِفُ"]·ben["আর-কম্পিত-করলে-","এবং-রাগ-করে","ক্রুদ্ধ-হবেন"]·DE["[ורגז]","[ותרגזי]","erzittern"]·EN["He-shall-rage","and-raging","and-you-raged-"]·FR["et-trembler","trembler"]·heb["ו-רגז","ו-תרגזי-","ירגז"]·HI["और-क्रोधित-किया-तूने-","और-क्रोधित-होता","क्रोधित-होगा"]·ID["Dia-bergerak","dan-engkau-membuat-gemetar-Ku-","dan-marah"]·IT["e-e-raging","e-tremare","tremare"]·jav["duka","lan-nesu","lan-panjenengan-nggeteraken-"]·KO["그리고-너는-떨게-하였다-","그리고-화내다","진동하실-것이다"]·PT["Se-agitará","e-irado","e-provocaste-me-"]·RU["и-гневается","и-тревожила-","разгневается"]·ES["se-enfurecerá","y-se-enfurece","y-te-estremeciste"]·SW["atachemka","na-akikasirika","na-ukanitetemeshea"]·TR["beni","titreyecek","ve-öfkelenir"]·urd["اور-تُو-نے-غصہ-دلایا-","اور-غصہ-کرے","غضبناک-ہوگا"]
5. disturb, provoke, agitate (Hifil) — The Hifil causative sense of disturbing, provoking to anger, or causing unrest to another person — 3 occurrences. Saul complains that Samuel has 'disturbed' him by being summoned from the dead (1 Sam 28:15); Job notes that the tents of those who 'provoke God' are secure (Job 12:6); God will 'give no rest' to the oppressor of Israel (Jer 50:34). This differs from sense 3 in that the disturbance is psychological and relational rather than physical — provoking someone's ire or peace rather than shaking the ground. Spanish perturbar/provocar and German beunruhigen ('to disquiet') both mark this interpersonal-disturbance sense distinctly. 3×
AR["أزعَجتَني","لِمُغْضِبي","وَيُقْلِقَ"]·ben["আর-কম্পিত-করেন","ঈশ্বরকে-রাগানোদের","বিচলিত-করলে-আমাকে"]·DE["[למרגיזי]","tat-du-disturb-mich","und-erzittern"]·EN["and-give-unrest","did-you-disturb-me","to-provokers-of"]·FR["et-trembler","fit-tu-disturb-moi","à-trembler"]·heb["הרגזת-ני","ו-הרגיז","ל-מרגיזי"]·HI["और-अशांत-करे","क्रोधित-करने-वालों-के-लिए","तदपअय-मुझे"]·ID["bagi-yang-membangkitkan-amarah","dan-Ia-menggelisahkan","engkau-mengganggu"]·IT["e-tremare","fece-tu-disturb-me","per-a-provokers-of"]·jav["kangge-ingkang-nesu","nanging-nggeger","panjenengan-ngganggu-kula"]·KO["괴롭게하였느냐-나를","그리고-떨리게-하려고","화나게-하는-자들-의"]·PT["e-faça-tremer","para-provocadores-de","perturbaste-me"]·RU["для-гневящих","и-потрясти","потревожил-ты-меня"]·ES["e-inquiete","los-que-provocan-a","me-perturbaste"]·SW["kwa-wanaomkasirisha","na-kufadhaisha","umeniudhi"]·TR["kızdıranların","rahatsız-ettin-beni","ve-tedirgin-etmek"]·urd["اور-بےچین-کرے","غضب-دلانے-والوں-کے-لیے","پریشان-کیا-مجھے"]
6. sense 6 — A single Qal occurrence at Genesis 45:24 where Joseph sends his brothers off with the warning 'do not quarrel on the way.' The sense here is interpersonal strife or bickering — agitation turned outward into conflict between persons. Spanish riñáis ('quarrel'), German streitet ('argue'), and French quereller all select dispute-specific vocabulary rather than trembling or raging terms. This usage sits at the far end of ragaz's semantic arc: from cosmic quaking through personal fear and fury to everyday squabbling. 1×
AR["تَتَخَاصَمُوا"]·ben["ক্রুদ্ধ-হও"]·DE["streitet"]·EN["quarrel"]·FR["quarrel"]·heb["תרגזו"]·HI["झगड़ो"]·ID["bertengkar"]·IT["quarrel"]·jav["padu-ing-margi"]·KO["다투지"]·PT["brigais"]·RU["ссорьтесь"]·ES["riñáis"]·SW["hasira"]·TR["kavga-edin"]·urd["جھگڑو"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† רָגַז vb. be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed (Ph. Iph. (+ Inf. abs. Qal) disquiet, disturb, Inscr. Tabn.4.6.7; NH Hiph. provoke to wrath; رجز tremble (with rage, fear, Dozy); v, viii, rumble (of thunder, Frey), رَجَزٌ a trembling disease (of camels), etc.; Aramaic רְגַז tremble, rage, ܪܓܰܙ be enraged; Zinj. רגז wrath, Lzb 367);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָגַז Pr 29:9, 3 fs.…