Contending and Striving

† רִיב [NöZMG xxxvii (1883), 530, 534 Ges§ 73b] vb. strive, contend (cf. Arabic رَابَ (ى) agitate (the mind), رَيْبٌ disquiet; cf. also Syriac ܪܳܒ cry, shout, Aph. also quarrel noisily, ܪܰܘܒܳܐ shouting, clamour (v. Nöl.c.); on Sab. n.pr. ריב = Arabic رياب v. DHMib. 14);—Qal Pf. 3 ms. רָב Ju 11:25 1 S 25:39; 2 ms. רַבְתָּ La 3:58, רִיבוֹתָ Jb 33:13, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יָרִיב Ju 6:31 +, juss. יָרֵב Ho 4:4; 1 S 24:16, יָרֶ֫ב לוֹ(בּוֹ) Ju 6:31, 32; וַיָּ֫רֶב Gn 31:36 +; 2 ms. תרוב Pr 3:30 Kt, תָּרִיב Qr; 3 mpl. יְרִיבֻן Ex 21:18, etc.; Imv. ms. רִיב Mi 6:1; Pr 25:9, רִיבָה ψ 35:1 +, mpl. רִיבוּ Is 1:17; Ho 2:4; Inf. abs. רוֹב Ju 11:25, רֹב Jb 40:2; רִיב Je 50:34 (Ges§ 73d Köi. 509 BaNB 80); cstr. רִיב Is 3:13; Jb 9:3 + Ju 21:22 Qr (Kt רוב), רִב Am 7:4; Pr 25:8; Pt. רָב Is 19:20 +;—strive: 1. involving bodily struggle Ex 21:18 (sc. one with another; E); public hostilities, יָדָיו רָב לוֹ Dt 33:7 (with) his hands he strove for it, c. עִם of Israel, הֲרוֹב רָב Ju 11:25 (‖ נִלְחַם). 2. with words, c. ב pers., Gn 31:36 (E), Ex 17:2a (J) Ju 6:32, so (in fig.) Ho 2:4 cf. v 4; often = quarrel, c. עִם pers. Gn 26:20; Ex 17:2b; Nu 20:3 (all J), Ne 13:25; subj. God Jb 9:3; 13:19; 23:6; also 40:2 (עִם of God; on inf. abs. v. Ges§ 114ee), in gen. Pr 3:30; c. אֵת pers. Ju 8:1; Ne 5:7; 13:11, 17, subj. י׳ Is 49:25 (cf. i. יָרִיב infr.), ψ 35:1 (‖ לָחַם); אֵת of י׳ Is 45:9 (pt. one striving), Nu 20:13 (P); c. עַל rei Gn 26:21, 22; abs. = find fault Ho 4:4 (‖ הוֹכִיחַ). Especially 3. conduct a (legal) case, suit, usually fig., י׳ sub.; Is 3:13 (‖ דִּין), 57:16 (‖ קָצַף), ψ 103:9 (נָטַר [אַף]), cf. קֹרֵא לָרִב בָּאֵשׁ Am 7:4; c. acc. pers. with whom (unfriendly sense), Jb 10:2; Is 27:8; c. acc. cogn. רִיב in good sense, = take one’s part, 1 S 24:15 (Gi; v 16 van d. H. Baer; ‖ שָׁפַט), Mi 7:9; Je 50:34 (רִיב יָרִיב אֶת־רִיבָם, inf. cstr. = inf. abs., v. supr.), 51:36 (‖ נקם), La 3:58; Pr 22:23 ψ 43:1 (+ מִגּוֹי; ‖ שָׁפַט), 119:154 (+ גָּאַל), also 74:22 (God, his own cause); + מִיַד pers. against whom 1 S 25:39 (of vengeance); + אֵת pers. against whom Pr 23:11, so (without acc. cogn.) Is 50:8 Je 2:9(×2); cf. אוֹת²" dir="rtl" >אֶת־ הֶהָרִים Mi 6:1 (II. אֵת 1 c; 𝔊 πρός, whence We Now אֶל־ in the presence of, but on רִיב אֶל v. 4); ר׳ = plead, c. ל pers. for whom Ju 6:31(×3) Jb 13:8, c. acc. pers. for whom Is 1:17, of God 51:22, cf. Dt 33:8 (obscure, v. Dr); of human disputes Pr 25:8, רִיבְךָ ר׳ אֶת־רֵעֶ֑ךָ v 9. 4. = make complaint, c. אֶל pers. unto and against whom Ju 21:22; Je 2:29; 12:1; Jb 33:13. Hiph. Pt. sf. מריבו 1 S 2:10 Kt (Qr מְּרִיבָיו), i.e. (those) displaying contention against him (י׳), cf. pl. cstr. וְעַמְּךָ כִמְרִיבֵי כֹהֵן Ho 4:4, obscure; RSProph. 406 מָרוּ בִי thy people have rebelled against me, O priest! Beck Wü We GASm וְעַמִּי כִּכְמָרָיו הַכֹּהֵן (הַכּ׳ as voc., and [by some] joined to v 5); HermannSK, 1879, 516 וְעִמְּךָ עמרִיבִי הַכּ׳, cf. Oort (רִיבִי); Ruben Crit. Rem. ad loc. וְעַמִּי כָמוֹךָ הַכּ׳, so Now.—וַיָּרֶב 1 S 15:5 v. אָרַב" dir="rtl" >ארב Hiph.

† רָגַז vb. be agitated, quiver, quake, be excited, perturbed (Ph. Iph. (+ Inf. abs. Qal) disquiet, disturb, Inscr. Tabn.4.6.7; NH Hiph. provoke to wrath; رجز tremble (with rage, fear, Dozy); v, viii, rumble (of thunder, Frey), رَجَزٌ a trembling disease (of camels), etc.; Aramaic רְגַז tremble, rage, ܪܓܰܙ be enraged; Zinj. רגז wrath, Lzb 367);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. consec. וְרָגַז Pr 29:9, 3 fs. רָֽגְזָה Is 14:9 +, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יִרְגַּז 2 S 7:10; 1 Ch 17:9, 2 fs. וַתִּרְגְּזִי Ez 16:43 (but v. infr.); 3 mpl. יִרְגְּזוּן Hb 3:7, יִרְגָּז֑וּן Ex 15:14, etc.; Imv. ms. רְגָ֫זָה (Ges§ 48 i) Is 32:11, mpl. רִגְזוּ ψ 4:5;—quake, subj. אֶרֶץ 1 S 14:15 Am 8:8 (עַל rei), ψ 77:19 (+ רָעַשׁ), Jo 2:10 (לִפְנֵי of locusts; ‖ רעשׁ), Pr 30:21 (תַּחַת pers.); subj. מוֹסְדֵי הָרִים ψ 18:8 (‖ רעשׁ), = 2 S 22:8 (מוֹסְדוֹת הַשָּׁמַיִם; ‖ id.); הֶהָרִים Is 5:25; תְּהֹמוֹת ψ 77:17; of tent-curtains Hb 3:7 (fig. of terror of tent-dwellers); of people, in dread, c. מִפְּנֵי pers. Dt 2:25 (‖ חול), Is 64:1; c. עַל rei Je 33:9 (+ פָּחַד); abs., Ex 15:14 (‖ חִיל אָחַז וגו׳), ψ 99:1 Jo 2:1; pregn. = come quivering Mi 7:17 (מִן loc.); of pers., in fear, awe, Gn 45:24 (ב loc.), Is 32:11 (‖ חָרַד), v 10 ψ 4:5, Hb 3:16 (תַּחְתַּי), cf. of בִּטְנִי Hb 3:16; quarrel Gn 45:24; be disquieted, 2 S 7:10 = 1 Ch 17:9; be excited, perturbed, of pers. 2 S 19:1 (by grief; cf. Dr). שְׁאוֹל Is 14:9 (surprise; ל pers.); in rage, c. ל at, Ez 16:43 (of Jerus. personif.; but read Hiph. (i.e. didst enrage me) 𝔊 𝔖 𝔙 𝔗 Hi Sm Co Berthol Toy Krae); prob. also וְר׳ וְשָׂחַק Pr 29:9; of י׳ Is 28:21. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִרְגִּיו Is 23:11; 2 ms. sf. הִרְגַּוְתַּנִי 1 S 28:15; Impf. 1 s. אַרְגִּיו Is 13:13; Inf. cstr. הִרְגִּיז (Ges§ 53 l) Je 50:34; Pt. מַרְגִּיז Is 14:16; Jb 9:6, pl. cstr. מַרְגִּיזֵי 12:6;—cause to quake, disquiet, enrage: cause earth to quake Is 14:16 (fig.; ‖ רעשׁ), Jb 9:6 shake earth מִמְּקוֹמָהּ; heavens Is 13:13 (‖ רעשׁ); kingdoms 23:11; cause disquiet, c. ל pers., Je 50:34 (‖ רגע); = disturb 1 S 28:15 (cf. Ph. תרגזן, Inscr. Tabn.4 DrSm xxviii); = enrage, provoke, מַרְגִּיזֵי אֵל Jb 12:6; so also prob. Ez 16:43 (reading תַּרְגִּזִי לִי), v. Qal ad fin. Hithp. excite oneself, only Inf. cstr. sf. הִתְרַגֶּזְךָ אלי thine exciting thyself (to rage) against me, 2 K 19:27, 28 = Is 37:28, 29.

† דִּין vb. judge (cf. Arabic دَانَ intrans. to be obedient, submissive, trans. requite, compensate, rule, govern, دِينٌ obedience, abasement, recompense, دَيَّانٌ requiter, governor, مَدِينَةٌ city; Assyrian dânu, Impf. idı̂n, judge, Aramaic דָּן (יְדִין, יְדוּן) Syriac ܕܳܢ (ܢܕܽܘܢ) judge, exercise judgment, punish, דִּיָּינָא, ܕܰܝܳܢܳܐ judge, דִּינָא, ܕܝܻܢ judgment, ܡܕܝܺܢܻܬܳܐ city;—on √ ע״י v. NöZMG 1883, 533), syn. שָׁפַט— Qal Pf. דָּן Je 22:16, etc.; Impf. יָדִין Gn 49:16 + 9 times, יָדוֹן Gn 6:3 cf. infr., etc.; Imv. דִּין Pr 31:9 Jb 35:14; דִּינוּ Je 21:12; Inf. לָדִין ψ 50:4 + 2 times; Pt. דָּן Gn 15:14 Je 30:13;— 1. act as judge, minister judgment, of God ידין עמוֹ Dt 32:36 (poet. = ψ 135:14) ψ 50:4; דין עמים ψ 7:9; 96:10 Is 3:13; יָדִין לְאֻמִּים בְּמֵישָׁרִים ψ 9:9; Messianic king ψ 72:2. 2. plead the cause, a. of men, usually c. acc. cogn., אֵין־דָּן דִּינֵךְ there is none to plead thy cause Je 30:13; ד׳ דִּין יָתוֹם plead cause of orphan Je 5:28; ד׳ דין עני ואביון Je 22:16; also acc. cogn. om., Pr 31:9. b. of God, דָּנַנִּי אֱלֹהִים God has pled my cause Gn 30:6 (E). 3. execute judgment, vindicate, in battle against enemies, דָּן יָדִין עַמּוֹ Dan will judge (vindicate as a warrior) his people (v. Di) Gn 49:16 (poet.); the Messianic king בגוים ψ 110:6; God, בִּגְבוּרָֽתְךָ תְדִינֵנִי in thy might judge me (vindicate me) ψ 54:3. 4. execute judgment, requite, of man, דִּינוּ לַבֹּקֶר מִשְׁפָּט execute judgment every morning Je 21:12; of God, upon Egypt Gn 15:14 (E); עמים by means of powers of nature Jb 36:31; אפסי ארץ 1 S 2:10 (poet.) 5. govern, אַתָּה תָּדִין אֶת־בֵּיתִי thou shalt govern my house Zc 3:7. 6. לֹא־יוּכַל לָדִין עִם he cannot contend with one mightier than he Ec 6:10. Niph. Pt. וַיְהִי כָל־הָעָם נָדוֹן בְּכָל־שִׁבְטֵי יִשְׂרָאֵל and all the people were at strife througout all the tribes of Israel 2 S 19:10 (reciprocal, cf. Dr.) Note. —לֹא־יָדוֹן רוּחִי בָֽאָדָם לְעֹלָם Gn 6:3 cp. perhaps دان continue, do something continually, in mod. Egyptian Arabic (SoSK lxvii (1894), 211 f.).is difficult. (1) 𝔊 𝔙 𝔖 Onk read ידור or (Kue) ילון abide in, dwell,—My spirit will not abide in man for ever; this best suits the context, but ידור, as Aramaism, is dub. (2) Kn De Schr RVm render rule in, supported by Zc 3:7 only. (3) Thes Ew Di render be humbled in, sustained by Arabic, not Heb., usage. (4) strive with of AV RV (cf. 6 supr.) is not justified. יָדוֹן

† [גָּרָה] vb. only Pi. stir up strife, Hithp. engage in strife (cf. NH Pi. stir up, excite, against (בְּ) Hithp.; Aramaic Pa. גָּרֵא ܓܰܪܺܝ; especially Assyrian garû, Qal attack, be at war with, gârû, gîrû, enemy, etc. Asrb.Annals iv. 49, 50 (KBii. 190) also SASmithAsrb. i. ii. Gloss.; Arabic جَرَى is run, especially of water, flow, etc.)— Pi. Impf. 3 ms. יְגָרֶה Pr 15:18; 28:25; 29:22, all c. obj. מָדוֹן excite, stir up, strife.—On גֵּרָה Dt 14:8 v. i. גֵּרָה²" dir="rtl" >גֵּרָה sub גֵּרָה²" dir="rtl" >גרר. Hithp. Pf. 2 fs. הִתְגָּרִית Je 50:24; Impf. 3 ms. יִתְגָּרֶה Dn 11:25, וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו v 10; 2 ms. תִּתְגָּרֶה 2 K 14:10 2 Ch 25:19; juss. apoc. תִּתְגָּר Dt 2:9, 19; 3 mpl. יִתְגָּרוּ Pr 28:4 Dn 11:10, cf. Dn 11:10 Kt., v. supr.; 2 mpl. תִּתְגָּרוּ Dt 2:5 (juss.); Imv. ms. הִתְגָּר Dt 2:24;— 1. excite oneself against (בְּ pers.), engage in strife with, lit. Dt 2:5, 19, Je 50:24, 2 K 14:10 = 2 Ch 25:19 (sq. בְּרָעָה;—רעה personif. as challenged opponent); also + acc. of manner, מִלְחָמָה Dt 2:9, 24; fig. וְשֹׁמְרֵי תוֹרָה יִתְגָּרוּ בָם Pr 28:4 while they that keep the law are at strife with them, i.e. with those that forsake it. 2. abs., excite oneself (against foe), wage war, only Dn 11; יִתְגָּרוּ וְאָֽסְפוּ הֲמוֹן חֲיָלִים רַבִּים v 10 they shall wage war, etc.; וְיָשֹׁב וְיִתְגָּרֶ֯ו עַד־מָעֻזֹּה v 10 and he shall return and war, even to his stronghold; v 25 sq. לַמִּלְחָמָה + בְּחַיִל גָּדוֹל (instr.)

† [קוּט] vb. feel a loathing (‖ form of קוּץ q.v.);— Qal Impf. 1 s. אָקוּט בְּדוֹר ψ 95:10 I felt a loathing at the generation. Niph. Pf. 2 mpl. consec. וּנְקֹטֹתֶם בִּפְנֵיכֶם Ez 20:43 ye shall feel loathing against your faces (at yourselves), c. ב rei, so 36:31 (עַל rei); metapl. (as if from קטט) 3 pl. consec. וְנָקֹטּוּ בִּפְנֵיהֶם Ez 6:9 (אֶל rei, for עַל + ל rei, for which Co בְּ, Krae בְּ or עַל); also 3 fs. נָֽקְטָה נַפְשִׁי בְּ Jb 10:1 (as if from נקט*; on both forms v. Ges§§ 67 dd, 72 dd). Hithpōʿl id. Impf. 1 s. אֶתְקוֹטָט בְּ ψ 139:21 (We אֶתְקוֹמֵם); abs. וָאֶתְקוֹטָ֑טָה 119:158.—Ez 16:47 v. קָט; Jb 8:14 v. foll.

διαμᾰχ-ομαι, future -μαχέσομαι (variant for{-μαχεσώμεθα} aorist subjunctive) Refs 5th c.BC+:—fight, contend, σιδήρῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to λανθάνειν, Refs; πρός τι variant in Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. μὴ μεταγνῶναι ὑμᾶς I resist to the uttermost your change of opinion, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 exert oneself, strive earnestly, περὶ τούτου ὅπως.. Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 in argument, contend or maintain that.., with accusative et infinitive, Refs: with a negative, δ. τι μὴ εἶναι Refs 5th c.BC+; also δ. τι carry a point, Refs

ἐρίζω, Doric dialect 3rd.pers. plural ἐρίζοντι Refs 5th c.BC+; Epic dialect infinitive ἐριζέμεναι, -έμεν, Refs 8th c.BC+: imperfect ἤριζον Refs 4th c.BC+, Doric dialect ἔρισδον Refs 3rd c.BC+, Epic dialect ἔριζον Refs 8th c.BC+, Ionic dialect ἐρίζεσκον Refs 8th c.BC+: future ἐρίσω NT+2nd c.AD+ codices, Doric dialect ἐρίξω Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist I ἤρῐσα Refs 8th c.BC+; Epic dialect optative ἐρίσσειε Refs 8th c.BC+; Doric dialect participle ἐρίξαντες Refs: perfect ἤρῐκα Refs 2nd c.BC+:—middle, Epic dialect imperfect ἐρίζετο Refs 8th c.BC+: aorist subjunctive ἐρίσσεται Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, Epic dialect perfect ἐρήρισμαι (in active sense), see below: (ἔρις):—strive, wrangle, quarrel, διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀντία τοῖς ἀγαθοῖςRefs 5th c.BC+; περί τινος about a thing, Refs 8th c.BC+: followed by a relative, ἐ. ὅστις ἀρείων Refs 5th c.BC+: with infinitive, contend that.., ἤριζον οἱ πολλοὶ οὐ λυσιτελήσειν τὴν πάροδον Refs 4th c.BC+: absolutely, of sophistical disputations, opposed to διαλέγεσθαι, ἀμφισβητεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; of political discord, with dative, Foed. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 rival, vie with, challenge, οὐκ ἂν ἔπειτ᾽ Ὀδυσῆΐ γ᾽ ἐρίσσειε βροτὸς ἄλλος Refs 8th c.BC+: with accusative of things, rival or contend with one in a thing, οὐδ᾽ εἰ..Ἀφροδίτῃ κάλλος ἐρίζοι Refs 8th c.BC+: with infinitive, ἐρίζετον ἀλλήλοιιν χερσὶ μαχέσσασθαι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἶσα δὲ πίνειν οὔτις οἱ ἀνθρώπων ἤρισεν Phalaec. cited in Refs 5th c.BC+; Νέστωρ οἶος ἔριζε N. alone rivalled (him), Refs 8th c.BC+ __II middle, like active, ᾧ [τόξῳ] οὔ τίς τοι ἐρίζεται Refs 8th c.BC+: also in perfect passive, τῷ οὔ τις ἐρήρισται κράτος Refs 8th c.BC+ __II.2 passive, ταχυτὰς ποδῶν ἐρίζεται there are contests in fleetness of foot, Refs 5th c.BC+

φῐλόνῑκ-ος, ον, fond of victory, contentious. __1 in bad sense, οὔτε δύσηρις ἐὼν οὔτ᾽ ὦν φ. ἄγαν Refs 5th c.BC+; φ. ἐστι πρὸς ὃ ἂν ὁρμήσῃ Refs 5th c.BC+; coupled with φιλότιμος, Refs; ἐπίπονον καὶ φ. καὶ φιλότιμον.. καταστήσας τὸν βίον Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in good sense, of spirited horses, Refs 5th c.BC+: of persons, φ. πρὸς τὸ μὴ ἐλλείπεσθαι Refs 1st c.AD+; τὸ φ., ={φιλονικία, ἔσῳζον τὸ φ. ἐν ταῖς ψυχαῖς} Refs 5th c.BC+ adverb -κως in eager rivalry, παραθεῖν Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀνθρωπίνως, Refs 4th c.BC+ occur, without any distinction of meaning, e.g. in Refs 5th c.BC+; φιλόνῑκος is implied by Refs 4th c.BC+; the compound of φιλο- and νεῖκος would be Φιλονεική; the sense __A contentious arises naturally from fond of victory; in Refs 8th c.BC+; -νῑκ- is also found in late documents, as Refs 6th c.AD+

† [עָשַׂק] vb. Hithp. contend (perhaps orig. cling to (in strife), cf. Arabic عَشِقَ cling with love (LagBN 143); Syriac ܥܣܰܩ, Ethpa. be difficult (i.e. indignant, hostile); NH עָסַק, 𝔗 עֲסַק, busy oneself, NH עֵסֶק business, occupation);—Pf. 3 pl. הִתְעַשְּׂקוּ עִמּוֹ Gn 26:20 they contended with him.