H6779 H6779
To sprout, spring up (of plants or figurative growth); to cause to grow or produce (Hifil); to grow intensively (Piel).
The Hebrew verb tsamach captures the elemental action of sprouting — green life pushing through soil. In the Qal, it describes intransitive growing, from the primordial 'no plant had yet sprung up' (Gen 2:5) to Pharaoh's dream of ears sprouting on a stalk (Gen 41:6). The Hifil adds divine causation: God 'caused to grow every tree' in Eden (Gen 2:9). Spanish brotar, French germer, and German sprossen cluster around the botanical image. Theologically, tsamach reaches its zenith in the messianic title tsemach ('Branch'), where Zechariah declares that 'Sprout' will build the temple (Zech 6:12).
Senses
1. sprout, spring up (Qal) — The intransitive Qal sense of sprouting, springing up, or growing, said of plants, vegetation, hair, or figuratively of persons and things that emerge and flourish. With 15 occurrences, this is the base meaning: before any bush 'had yet sprung up' in Eden (Gen 2:5), Pharaoh's dream ears of grain 'sprouting' on a stalk (Gen 41:6, 23), greenery sprouting after the plague of locusts (Exod 10:5), and healed hair 'growing again' in leprosy inspection (Lev 13:37). Spanish brotar, French germer, and German sprossen all converge on the botanical intransitive. Isaiah uses the verb figuratively for new things 'springing forth' (Isa 42:9; 43:19), and Zechariah 6:12 deploys it for the messianic Branch who 'shall sprout from his place.' 15×
AR["أَنْ-يَنْمُوَ", "الشَّجَرِ", "الْ-نَّامِي", "تَنْبُتُ", "فَـ-نَبَتَ", "نَابِتَاتٌ", "نَبَتَ", "وَيَنْبُتُونَ", "يَنْبُتونَ", "يَنْبُتُ", "يَنْمُو"]·ben["অঙ্কুরিত", "অঙ্কুরিত-হওয়ার", "অঙ্কুরিত-হবে", "অঙ্কুরিত-হয়েছিল", "আর-অঙ্কুরিত-হল", "উদ্গত", "এবং-অঙ্কুরিত-হবে", "গজায়", "গজিয়ে-উঠছে", "গজিয়েছে-"]·DE["Quellen-hinauf", "[ויצמח]", "[יצמח]", "[יצמחו]", "[צומח]", "der-sprouting", "es-sprosste", "hat-sprouted-", "spriessen", "sprießend", "und-spriessen"]·EN["And-they-will-spring-up", "and-it-sprouted", "growing", "has-sprouted-", "he-will-sprout", "it-springs-forth", "it-sprouted", "shall-spring-up", "springs-up", "sprouting", "the-sprouting", "they-spring-forth", "will-spring-up"]·FR["a-sprouted-", "cela-sprouted", "et-germer", "germer", "le-sprouting", "sprouting"]·heb["ה-צומח", "ו-יצמח", "ו-צמחו", "יצמח", "יצמחו", "צומח", "צמח", "צמחות", "תצמח", "תצמחנה"]·HI["अंकुरित-हों", "अंकुरित-होगी", "उग-रही-थीं", "उगता", "उगती-है", "उगते-हुए", "उगेंगे", "उगेगी", "और-अंकुरित-हुआ", "और-अंकुरित-होंगे", "जो-उगता-है", "में-वह", "वह-फूटेगा"]·ID["Dan-mereka-akan-tumbuh", "akan-tumbuh", "berkecambah", "bertunas", "dan-ia-bertunas", "ia-akan-bertunas", "itu-berkecambah", "tumbuh", "yang-menumbuhkan", "yang-tumbuh"]·IT["[ויצמח]", "[יצמח]", "e-germogliare", "esso-sprouted", "germogliare", "germoglio'", "growing", "ha-sprouted-", "il-sprouting", "springs-su", "sprouting", "will-spring-up"]·jav["Lan-badhé-thukul", "Lan-thukul", "badhe-thukul", "badhé-thukul", "ingkang-tuwuh", "sami-thukul", "thukul", "tukhul", "tuwuh", "tuwuh-"]·KO["그리고-자라리라", "그리고-자람다", "돋아나리라-그들이", "돋아나리이다", "싹트기-", "싹트는다", "싹트리라", "자라나는", "자라나리라", "자라는", "자라다", "자라면", "자라지-않았다"]·PT["a-que-cresce", "brota", "brotando", "brotarem", "brotará", "brotasse", "cresceu", "e-brotarão", "e-brotou"]·RU["вырастают", "вырастут", "вырос-", "выросла", "и-произросло", "и-прорастут", "произрастает", "произрастающий", "произрастёт", "прорастает", "прорастёт", "растущие"]·ES["Y-brotó", "brota", "brotando", "brotar", "brotará", "brotarán.", "broten", "creció-", "el-que-brota", "que-produce", "y-brotarán"]·SW["Na-ikamea", "Na-watachipuka", "atachipuka", "haikuchipuka", "imechipuka-", "inachipuka", "inayoota", "itachipuka", "kuchipuka", "litachipuka", "unaochipuka", "utachipuka", "yakichipuka", "zitachipuka"]·TR["Ve-buyuyecekler", "biten", "bitmemişti", "buyuyen", "filizlenecek", "filizlenir", "filizlenmeden", "ve-filizlendi", "çıktı-"]·urd["اور-اُگا", "اور-وہ-اُگیں-گے", "اُن-کے-نکلنے-کے", "اُگنے-والے", "اُگی-نہ-تھی", "اُگیں-گے", "اُگے-گا", "اگا-ہے", "اگتی-ہیں", "اگتی-ہے", "اگتے", "اگے-گی", "نکلے-گی", "پھوٹے-گی"]
2. cause to sprout, produce (Hifil) — The causative Hifil sense: to cause to sprout, to produce, to make grow — with God, the earth, or a garden as the agent that brings forth vegetation or offspring. With 14 occurrences, this sense opens with God causing 'every tree pleasant to the sight' to grow in Eden (Gen 2:9), continues through the curse of thorns and thistles (Gen 3:18), and recurs in prophetic speech where God promises 'I will cause a horn to sprout for David' (Ps 132:17; Ezek 29:21). Spanish hacer brotar/crecer, French faire germer, and German wachsen lassen all employ the causative periphrasis. Job 38:27 beautifully pairs the stem with divine sovereignty: God sends rain 'to cause the bud of the tender herb to spring forth' in wilderness where no human dwells. 14×
AR["أُنْبِتُ", "المُنبِتَ", "المُنْبِتُ", "تُنْبِتُ", "لِيُنْبِتَ", "وَ-أَنْبَتَ", "وَ-أَنْبَتَهَا", "وَلِيُنْبِتَ", "يُنْبِتُ", "يُنْمِي"]·ben["-এবং-তাকে-অঙ্কুরিত-করে", "-যিনি-উৎপন্ন-করেন", "অঙ্কুরিত-করবেন", "অঙ্কুরিত-করাবে", "অঙ্কুরিত-করে", "অঙ্কুরিত-হোক", "আমি-অঙ্কুরিত-করব", "আর-অঙ্কুরিত-করলেন", "আর-গজাতে", "উৎপন্ন-করব", "উৎপন্ন-হবে", "উৎপাদন-করবে", "যিনি-উৎপন্ন-করেন"]·DE["He-causes-zu-grow", "[אצמיח]", "[ולהצמיח]", "causing-zu-wachsen", "der-einer-causing-zu-sprout", "es-sprouts", "ich-wird-Sache-zu-sprout", "soll-er-dir-sprossen-lassen", "spriessen", "und-ließ-sprossen", "und-spriessen"]·EN["And-caused-to-grow", "He-causes-to-grow", "I-will-cause-to-sprout", "and-caused-it-to-sprout", "and-to-cause-to-sprout", "causes-to-grow", "causing-to-grow", "it-sprouts", "let-it-sprout", "shall-sprout", "the-one-causing-to-sprout", "will-cause-to-grow"]·FR["--sprout", "Et-caused-à-croître", "Il-causes-à-grandis", "cela-sprouts", "de-germer", "et-germer", "germer", "le-germer"]·heb["אצמיח", "ה-מצמיח", "ו-הצמיחה", "ו-יצמח", "ו-ל-הצמיח", "יצמיח", "מצמיח", "תצמיח"]·HI["अंकुरित-हो", "आदोनाई", "उगाऊंगा", "उगाऊंगा-मैं", "उगाएगा", "उगाएगी", "उगानेवाला", "उगेगी", "और-उगाती-है", "और-उगाने-को", "और-उगाया", "जो-उगाता-है", "बग़ीचा", "मैं-उगाऊँगा"]·ID["Aku-akan-menumbuhkan", "Aku-menumbuhkan", "Dan-menumbuhkan", "Dia-bertumbuh", "akan-ditumbuhkan", "akan-menumbuhkan", "biarlah-bertumbuh", "dan-membuatnya-bertumbuh", "dan-untuk-menumbuhkan", "menumbuhkan", "yang-menumbuhkan"]·IT["And-caused-a-crescere", "He-causa-a-cresci", "[אצמיח]", "e-germogliare", "e-per-e-a-cause-a-sprout", "esso-sprouts", "germogliare", "germoglio'", "shall-sprout"]·jav["Ingkang-numbuhi", "Kawula-badhe-ndadosaken-thukul", "Kawula-badhe-numbuhi", "Kawula-badhé-nuwuhaken", "Numbuhaken", "Panjenenganipun-nuwuhaken", "badhe-ndadosaken-thukul", "badhe-nuwuhaken", "lan-kanggé-nuwuhaken", "lan-ndadosaken-thukul", "lan-nuwuhaken", "mugi-thukul", "ndadosaken-thukul", "nuwuhaken"]·KO["그-자라게-하시는-분이시라", "그리고-싹트게-하고", "그리고-자라게-하기-위하여", "그리고-자라게-하셨다", "내가-싹나게-하리라", "내는-것이다", "싹-티우리라", "싹나게-할-것이다-내가", "싹나리라", "싹트게-하라", "자라게-하듯", "자라게-하리라", "자라게-하시는-이-가", "자라게-하실-것이다"]·PT["E-fez-brotar", "Faz-brotar", "brotará", "e-fez-brotar", "e-para-brotar", "farei-brotar", "fará-brotar", "faz-brotar", "faça-brotar", "o-que-faz-brotar", "produzirá"]·RU["Взращивающий", "И-произрастил", "взращу", "возрастит", "возращу", "вырастит-ли", "и-взрастить", "и-взрастить-заставил-её", "произрастит", "произращает", "произращающему", "пусть-произрастит"]·ES["El-que-hace-crecer", "Y-hizo-crecer", "el-que-hace-brotar", "hace-brotar", "haga-brotar", "hará-brotar", "haré-brotar", "producirá", "y-la-hace-germinar", "y-para-hacer-brotar"]·SW["Na-akachipusha", "anayeotesha", "ataotesha", "ichipuke", "inavyootesha", "itachipuka", "itakuzalia", "kustawi", "na-kuichipusha", "na-kuotesha", "nitamchipushia", "nitaotesha"]·TR["Ve-bitirdi", "bitirecek", "bitiren", "büyütecek", "filizlendirecek", "filizlendireceğim", "filizlendiren", "filizlensin", "ve-filizlendirdiyse", "ve-yetiştirmek-için", "çimlendirir"]·urd["اور-اُگایا", "اور-اگائے-اُسے", "اور-اگانے کے لیے", "اُگائے", "اُگائے-گی", "اُگانے-والا", "اگاؤں-گا", "اگاؤں-گا-میں", "اگائے-گا", "اگاتا-ہے", "اگےگی", "جو-اُگاتا-ہے", "وہ-اُگائے-گا"]
3. grow, increase (Piel) — The intensive Piel sense of growing or increasing, emphasizing the process or fullness of growth rather than initial sprouting. With 4 occurrences, this relatively rare stem appears in Samson's hair growing back after being cut (Judg 16:22), the humiliated ambassadors told to stay in Jericho 'until your beards have grown' (2 Sam 10:5; 1 Chr 19:5), and Ezekiel's allegory of Jerusalem growing 'like a plant of the field' (Ezek 16:7). Spanish crecer, French grandir/pousser, and German wachsen shift from 'sprout' to 'grow' vocabulary, reflecting the progressive rather than punctiliar nature of the Piel. The distinction from the Qal is subtle but real: the Piel emphasizes sustained development, not initial emergence. 4×
AR["لِيَنْبُتَ", "نَبَتَ", "يَنبُتَ", "يَنْبُتَ"]·ben["গজাতে", "গজায়", "গজাল", "বাড়ে"]·DE["[יצמח]", "[צמח]", "grows", "zu-wachsen"]·EN["grew", "grows", "to-grow"]·FR["[יצמח]", "germer", "grows", "à-croître"]·heb["יצמח", "ל-צמוח", "צמח"]·HI["उगना", "उगे", "बढ़े"]·ID["tumbuh", "tumbuh,", "untuk-tumbuh"]·IT["[יצמח]", "a-crescere", "germoglio", "grows"]·jav["sampun-thukul", "thukul", "tuwuh"]·KO["자라기-위하여", "자라다", "자라면", "자랐다"]·PT["a-crescer", "crescer", "cresceu", "cresça"]·RU["отрастёт", "отросли", "пока-отрастёт", "расти"]·ES["a-crecer", "creció", "crezca", "que-crezca"]·SW["itakapokua", "kukua", "zilikua", "zitakapokua"]·TR["oluştu", "uzamaya", "uzar", "uzayacak"]·urd["اُگنے", "اُگے", "بڑھ-جائے", "بڑھے"]
Related Senses
H3754 1. vineyard, cultivated grape plot (92×)H0730 1. cedar tree or wood (73×)H1612 1. vine, grapevine (55×)H3293a 1. forest, wood, thicket (55×)H5560 1. fine flour (53×)H5193 1. plant vegetation (48×)H2232 1. sow seed, plant crops (41×)H1715 1. grain, cereal crop (40×)H7114b 1. reap, harvest grain (36×)H2132 1. olive tree (34×)H8184 1. barley (34×)H2406 1. wheat (grain crop) (30×)H7070 1. reed, cane (plant) (30×)H7848 1. acacia (28×)H8328 1. root of a plant (28×)H8384 1. fig tree (25×)H5488 1. reeds, rushes (in 'Sea of Reeds') (24×)G0290 1. a vineyard (23×)G2325 1. reap, harvest a crop (21×)G4687 1. sow seed, plant (21×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† צָמַח vb. sprout, spring up (NH id., so 𝔗 צְמַח; Syriac ܨܡܰܚ spring or shine forth, ܨܶܡܚܳܐ shining, also sprout; Ph. צמח posterity);— Qal Pf. 3 ms. צָֽמַח־בּוֹ Lv 13:37; 3 pl. וְצָֽמְחוּ consec. Is 44:4; Impf. 3 ms. יִצְמַח Jb 5:6, 3 fpl. תִּצְמַחְנָה Is 42:9, etc.; Pt. צֹמֵחַ Ex 10:5, צוֹמֵחַ Ec 2:6; fpl. צֹמְחוֹת Gn 41:6, 23;—sprout, spring up: 1. of plants, trees, etc. Gn 2:5; Ex 10:5 (both…