H6504 H6504
Divide, separate, scatter; to part ways, branch off, or cause division between persons or things
Built on the idea of splitting a unity into parts, this verb operates across multiple stems to express a wide range of separation. In the Nifal, Abram and Lot 'separated from each other' (Gen 13:9-14) and the nations 'were divided' after the flood (Gen 10:5, 32). The Hifil describes an agent who causes division — a whisperer who 'separates close friends' (Prov 16:28) or God who 'separated the nations' at creation (Deut 32:8). The Hitpael adds a reflexive dimension of scattering or coming apart, as when bones are 'disjointed' (Ps 22:14). Even a river 'divides into branches' (Gen 2:10), grounding the word in both geography and human relationship.
2. cause to separate — Hifil causative: an agent actively divides or separates others. Deut 32:8 recalls when the Most High 'separated the sons of Adam'; Prov 16:28 warns that a whisperer 'separates close friends.' Spanish 'separa' and 'cuando separó' capture the causative force. Ruth 1:17 invokes death as the only power that can 'part' Ruth from Naomi, elevating the verb to covenantal language. 7×
AR["حِينَ-فَرَّقَ","فَرَزَ","فَفَرَّقَتْ","يُفَرِّقُ"]·ben["এবং-আলাদা-করল","পৃথক-করলেন","পৃথক-করার-সময়-তিনি","বিচ্ছিন্ন-করবে","বিচ্ছিন্ন-করে"]·DE["[יפריד]","[מפריד]","als-er-absonderte","sonderte-ab","und-separated"]·EN["and-separated","separated","separates","when-he-separated","will-separate"]·FR["et-sépara","quand-il-sépara","sera-séparer","sépara","séparer"]·heb["ב-הפרידו","הפריד","ו-הפרידו","יפריד","מפריד"]·HI["अलग-करता-है","अलग-करे","अलग-किया","और-अलग-किया","में-अलग-करने-में-उसने"]·ID["dan-memisahkan","ketika-memisahkan-Nya","memisahkan"]·IT["e-separò","quando-egli-separo","separates","separò","volere-separare"]·jav["lan-misahaken","misahaken","nalika-misahaken-Panjenenganipun","piyambakipun-misahaken"]·KO["갈라놓으리라","그리고-나누었다","나누느니라-그-가","나누었다","에-그가-나누시는-때(접)","이간시키느니라"]·PT["e-separaram","quando-separar","separa","separar","separou"]·RU["и-разделили","когда-разделял","отделял","разделяет","разлучающий","разлучит"]·ES["aparta","cuando-separó","separa","separará","separó","y-separaron"]·SW["akatenganisha","alipowaeneza","anatenganisha","inatenganisha","na-vikawatenganisha","ndio-itatenganisha"]·TR["ayıracak","ayırdı","ayırdığında-onu","ayırır","ve-ayirdilar"]·urd["الگ-کیا","اور-جدا-کیا","جدا-کرتا-ہے","جدا-کرنے-پر-اُس-کے","جدا-کرے","فیصلہ-کرتا-ہے"]
▼ 6 more senses below
Senses
1. separate from one another — Nifal reflexive/reciprocal: two parties part company or go separate ways. Gen 13:9-14 narrates Abram and Lot's parting; Gen 10:5, 32 describes post-flood nations dividing. Spanish 'sepárate' and 'es separado' mirror the mutual or self-directed separation. 2 Sam 1:23 poignantly notes that Saul and Jonathan 'were not divided' even in death, using the negative to underscore inseparable loyalty. 10×
AR["افْتَرَقَ","افْتَرِقْ","انْفَرَدَتْ","انْفَصَلَ","مُنْفَصِلٌ","وَ-افْتَرَقَا","يَفْتَرِقَا","يَفْتَرِقَانِ","يَنْفَصِلُ"]·ben["আর-পৃথক-হল","পৃথক-হও","পৃথক-হওয়া-","পৃথক-হবে","পৃথক-হয়েছিল","পৃথক-হল","বিচ্ছিন্ন","বিচ্ছিন্ন-হয়","বিচ্ছিন্ন-হলেন"]·DE["[יפרד]","[נפרד]","hatte-absonderte","sich-getrennt-hatte-","trenne-dich","und-trennten-sich","verteilten-sich","waren-separated","werden-sich-trennen"]·EN["and-they-separated","had-separated","one-separating-himself","separate","separated","were-separated","will-be-separated"]·FR["--être-sépara","avait-sépara","et-ils-sépara","furent-sépara","sépara","séparer","étaient-sépara"]·heb["הפרד","ו-יפרדו","ייפרד","יפרדו","נפרד","נפרדו"]·HI["अलग-हुआ","अलग-हुईन","अलग-हुए","अलग-हो","अलग-हो-गया-था","अलग-हो-जाता-है","अलग-होंगी","अलग-होने-के-","और-वे-अलग-हुए"]·ID["akan-berpisah","berpisah-","dan-berpisah-mereka","dipisahkan","pisahkanlah-dirimu","telah-berpisah","terpisah","yang-memisahkan-diri"]·IT["e-essi-separò","ebbe-separò","erano-separò","furono-separò","one-separating-himself","separare","separated","separò","will-essere-separò"]·jav["badhé-kapérang","dipunpisahaken","kapisah","kasebar","lan-sami-pisah","mugi-pisah","pisah","pisah-","tiyang-kang-misah"]·KO["갈라지리라","그리고-헤어졌다","나뉘어졌다","떠나느니라","떠나는-자는","떠나라","떠났다","분리되지-않았다","헤어졌다-"]·PT["Separa-te","e-separaram-se","foram-separados","o-isolado","se-separa","se-separarão","separar-se-","separaram-se","separou-se"]·RU["и-разделились-они","отделения-","отделившийся","отделился","отделись","отделяется","разделились","разделятся","разлучены","расселились"]·ES["Sepárate","el-que-se-separa","es-separado","fueron-separados","se-separaron","se-separarán","se-separó","separarse","y-se-separaron"]·SW["alijitenga","anatenganishwa","anayejitenga","hawakutengana","jitenganishe","kutengana-kwa","na-wakatengana","waligawanyika","watafarakana","yaligawanyika"]·TR["ayrıl","ayrıldı","ayrıldı-","ayrıldılar","ayrılır","kendini-ayıran","ve-ayrıldılar","ve-halk"]·urd["الگ-ہوا","الگ-ہونے-والا","اور-جدا-ہوئے","بٹیں","بٹے","جدا-ہو","جدا-ہو-جاتا-ہے","جدا-ہوئے","جدا-ہونے-کے","جدا-ہوں-گے"]
3. be scattered abroad — Hitpael and Nifal participial: being scattered or dispersed as a group across space. Neh 4:19 describes workers 'scattered' along the wall; Ps 92:9 declares that evildoers 'will be scattered.' Spanish 'dispersos' and 'serán dispersados' emphasize the resultant state of wide dispersion rather than a single act of parting. 3×
AR["تَتَفَرَّقُ","مُتَفَرِّقُونَ","يَتَشَتَّتُ"]·ben["ছড়িয়ে-যায়","ছিটিয়ে-যাবে","বিচ্ছিন্ন"]·DE["[יתפרדו]","[נפרדים]","wird-sein-zerstreut"]·EN["are-scattered","separated","will-be-scattered"]·FR["[נפרדים]","séparer"]·heb["יתפרדו","נפרדים"]·HI["तितर-बितर-होंगे","बिखर-जाते-हैं","बिखरे-हुए-हैं"]·ID["akan-tercerai-berai","tercerai-berai","terpisah"]·IT["[נפרדים]","separo'","sono-scattered"]·jav["badhé-kabuyaraken","kapencilaken","sami-buyar"]·KO["흩어져-있다","흩어지리라","흩어진다"]·PT["separados","serão-dispersos","são-dispersos"]·RU["рассеиваются","рассеются","рассеянные"]·ES["dispersos","se-dispersan","serán-dispersados"]·SW["tumetawanyika","wanatawanyika","watatawanyika"]·TR["ayrılmış","dağılacaklar","dağılırlar"]·urd["بکھر-جاتے-ہیں","بکھرے-ہوئے","منتشر-ہوں-گے"]
4. spread out or dispersed — Qal passive and Pual: a state of being spread apart physically. Ezek 1:11 describes the living creatures' wings as 'spread out' (perudoth) above; Esth 3:8 characterizes the Jews as 'dispersed' among the peoples. The spatial imagery distinguishes this from interpersonal separation, focusing on physical extension across an area. 2×
AR["مُنْفَرِدَةٌ","وَ-مُبَدَّدٌ"]·ben["ও-বিভক্ত","ছড়ানো"]·DE["[ומפרד]","[פרדות]"]·EN["and-dispersed","spread-out"]·FR["[ומפרד]","séparer"]·heb["ו-מפרד","פרודות"]·HI["और-फैले-हुए","फैले-हुए"]·ID["dan-terpisah","terbentang"]·IT["[ומפרד]","[פרדות]"]·jav["kapisah","lan-kapencar"]·KO["그리고-분리되어","펼쳐진"]·PT["e-disperso","separadas"]·RU["и-разделённый","распростёртые"]·ES["extendidas","y-separado"]·SW["na-waliotengana","yaliyotengana"]·TR["ayrılanlar","ve-ayrılmış"]·urd["الگ","اور-جدا"]
5. become disjointed — Hitpael: coming apart or being dislocated, as when joints separate under duress. Ps 22:14 laments 'all my bones are disjointed' — a visceral image of suffering on the cross that the multilingual evidence renders as physical dislocation. Job 41:17 asks whether Leviathan's scales 'can be separated,' using the same stem to describe structural cohesion that resists pulling apart. 2×
AR["وَانْفَصَلَتْ","يَنْفَصِلُونَ."]·ben["এবং-আলাদা-হয়েছে","তারা-আলাদা-হয়"]·DE["[יתפרדו]","und-sind-disjointed"]·EN["and-are-disjointed","can-they-be-separated"]·FR["et-le-séparer","séparer"]·heb["ו-התפרדו","יתפרדו"]·HI["और-खिसक-गईं","वे-अलग-होते-हैं"]·ID["terpisah"]·IT["can-they-be-separated","e-separo'"]·jav["saged-dipunpisah.","saha-pisah"]·KO["그리고-헤어졌도다","떨어진다"]·PT["e-desconjuntaram-se","se-separam."]·RU["и-рассыпались","разделяются"]·ES["se-separan","y-se-descoyuntaron"]·SW["na-yametenganika","zinatenganishwa"]·TR["ayrılabilirler","ve-ayrıldı"]·urd["الگ-ہوتے","اور-الگ-ہو-گئیں"]
6. withdraw independently — Piel: voluntarily withdrawing or going apart on one's own initiative. Hos 4:14 warns against the men who 'go apart' with prostitutes, emphasizing deliberate personal departure from the community for illicit purposes. Spanish 'se apartan' captures the reflexive voluntary quality. This singleton usage in the Piel gives the stem a moral coloring absent from the neutral Nifal separations. 1×
AR["يَنفَرِدونَ"]·ben["পৃথক-হয়"]·DE["[יפרדו]"]·EN["go-apart"]·FR["séparer"]·heb["יפרדו"]·HI["अलग-जाते-हैं"]·ID["memisahkan-diri"]·IT["[יפרדו]"]·jav["sami-misah"]·PT["separam-se"]·RU["уединяются"]·ES["se-apartan"]·SW["wanajitenga"]·TR["ayrılıyorlar"]·urd["الگ-ہوتے-ہیں"]
7. divide into branches — Nifal of geographic branching: a single river dividing into multiple streams. Gen 2:10 records that a river 'went out of Eden' and there 'it divided' into four headwaters. Spanish 'se dividía' and German 'teilte er sich' reflect the physical splitting of a watercourse. This concrete, spatial sense may be the root metaphor from which the interpersonal and abstract senses developed. 1×
AR["يَنْقَسِمُ"]·ben["ভাগ-হত"]·DE["teilte-er-sich"]·EN["it-divided"]·FR["cela-divisa"]·heb["יפרד"]·HI["बंटती-थी"]·ID["ia-terbagi"]·IT["esso-divise"]·jav["misah"]·KO["나뉜다"]·PT["dividia-se"]·RU["разделялась"]·ES["se-dividía"]·SW["uligawanyika"]·TR["ayrılıyordu"]·urd["بٹ-جاتی-تھی"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† I. [פָּרַד] vb. divide (NH id., divide, separate; so Syriac in der. spec. and deriv.; Arabic فَرَدَ be single, sole, also (Dozy) unfold, unroll);— Qal Pt. pass. fpl. פְּרֻדוֹת Ez 1:11 divided, i.e. spread, of wings. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִפְרְדוּ Gn 10:5, 32, נִפְרָ֑דוּ 2 S 1:23; Impf. יִפָּרֵד Gn 2:10; Pr 19:4, etc.; Imv. ms. הִפָּ֫רֶד נָא Gn 13:9; Inf. cstr. הִפָּֽרֶד־לוֹט v 14; Pt. נִפְרָד Ju…