Dividing and Distributing

† I. חָלַק vb. divide, share (NH id.; Aramaic חֲלַק field, חוּלְּקָא portion, ܚܠܰܩ divide, determine, decree; Arabic خَلَقَ measure, measure off; Assyrian eḳlu, possession, field, JägerBAS ii. 296; Ethiopic ኈለቈ: i. 2, is enumerate, ኍልቍ, ኊለቅ enumeration, number)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Dt 4:19 + 5 times; חָֽלְקוּ Jos 18:2; Impf. יַחֲלֹק Jb 27:17 Pr 17:2; 2 ms. sf. וַתַּחְלְקֵם Ne 9:22; 3 pl. וַיַּחְלְקוּ Jos 14:5; יַחֲלֹ֑קוּ 1 S 30:24; וַיַּחְלְקוּם 1 Ch 24:4, 5; תַּחְלְקוּ 2 S 19:30; Imv. חִלְקוּ Jos 22:8; Inf. לַחֲלֹק Ne 13:13; Pt. חוֹלֵק Pr 29:24;— 1. divide, apportion, sq. acc. (of gods) and לְ pers. Dt 4:19; 29:25; acc. not expressed Ne 13:13 (ref. to offerings and tithes); c. acc. (of land) Jos 14:5 (P), 18:2 (JE), 2 S 19:30: obj. people Ne 9:22; ח׳ עִם divide with others Jos 22:8 (D?). 2. assign, distribute: Levites over (על) temple 2 Ch 23:18, cf. 1 Ch 24:4, 5. 3. assign, impart, sq. בַּבִּינָה & לְ Jb 39:17. 4. share (in), sq. acc. silver Jb 27:17; inheritance Pr 17:2; spoil 1 S 30:24 (obj. om.); sq. עם have shares with ח׳ עם גַּנָּב Pr 29:24. 5. divide up = plunder the temple, sq. acc. 2 Ch 28:21 (v. Be). Niph. Impf. יֵחָלֵק Nu 26:55 1 K 16:21; יֵחָ֫לֶק Jb 38:24; וַיֵּחָלֵק Gn 14:15; 3 fs. תֵּחָלֵק Nu 26:53; 26:56; וַיֶּֽחָלְקֵם (Baer) 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3 cf. Be & infr. sub Pi.;— 1. reflex., divide oneself Gn 14:15 (i.e. one’s men). 2. pass. be divided: a. apportioned, the land Nu 26:53, 55 (by lot) v 56 (id.); all P. b. of people, divided into two factions 1 K 16:21. c. of light, parted, spread abroad Jb 38:24. 3. trans. assign, distribute 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3, but trans. Niph. is unlikely, v. infr. Pi. Pf. 3 pl. חִלֵּקוּ Jo 4:2; וְחִלַּקְתֶּם consec. Ez 47:21; sf. חִלְּקָם La 4:16; 3 fs. sf. חִלְּקַ֫תָּה Is 34:17; 2 ms. sf. וְחִלַּקְתָּם Ex 5:1;—Impf. יְחַלֵּק Gn 49:27 + 4 times, etc.; prob. read יְחַלְּקֵם 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3 (v. supr. Niph.), etc.; Imv. חַלֵּק Jos 13:7; Inf. חַלֵּק Jos 19:51 Pr 16:19; sf. חַלְּקָם Is 9:2— 1. divide, apportion: food, at festival 2 S 6:19, sq. acc. & לְ = 1 Ch 16:3, garments ψ 22:19, sorrows Jb 21:17 (no לְ); give a portion to, sq. לְ (no acc. expr.) Is 53:12; a land Jo 4:2 (no ind. obj.) Jos 19:51 (P), also Mi 2:4, ψ 60:8 = 108:8, Dn 11:39; sq. acc. & לְ Jos 13:7; 18:10 1 K 18:6 Is 34:17 Ez 47:21; divide hair (symbol.) Ez 5:1; divide spoil (שָׁלָל) Is 9:2 Pr 16:19 Gn 49:27 (poem), Ex 15:9 (song); Ju 5:30 ψ 68:13 Is 53:12. 2. assign, distribute: Levites to their service, prob. 1 Ch 23:6; 24:3 (v. supr.) 3. scatter, sq. acc. Gn 49:7 (poem) (‖ הפיץ), La 4:16. Pu. Pf. חֻלַּק Is 33:23; וְחֻלַּק consec. Zc 14:1; Impf. 3 fs. תְּחֻלָּ֑ק Am 7:17; be divided, of land Am 7:17; spoil Is 33:23 Zc 14:1. Hithp. Pf. וְהִתְחַלְּקוּ consec. Jos 18:5 divide (land) among themselves. Hiph. Inf. לַחֲלִק Je 37:12; to receive a portion (denom. from חֵלֶק), but dub.

† I. [פָּרַד] vb. divide (NH id., divide, separate; so Syriac in der. spec. and deriv.; Arabic فَرَدَ be single, sole, also (Dozy) unfold, unroll);— Qal Pt. pass. fpl. פְּרֻדוֹת Ez 1:11 divided, i.e. spread, of wings. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִפְרְדוּ Gn 10:5, 32, נִפְרָ֑דוּ 2 S 1:23; Impf. יִפָּרֵד Gn 2:10; Pr 19:4, etc.; Imv. ms. הִפָּ֫רֶד נָא Gn 13:9; Inf. cstr. הִפָּֽרֶד־לוֹט v 14; Pt. נִפְרָד Ju 4:11; Pr 18:1, נִפְרָדִים Ne 4:13;— 1. divide, separate (intrans.), Gn 2:10 (of river, dividing into branches); of one man separating from another, c. מֵעַל 13:9, 11, מֵעִם v 14 (all J), from others, מִן Ju 4:11; recipr. Gn 25:23 (J; of sons of Rebekah representing nations, c. מִמֵּעַיִךְ in constr. praegn. [Ges§ 119 ff], i.e. divided (hostile) from birth); abs. Pr 18:1; of peoples separating from (מִן) parent stock 10:5, 32 (P). 2. be divided, separated, 2 S 1:23; Ne 4:13; of loss of friendship Pr 19:4. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. רְפָרֵ֑דוּ Ho 4:14 make a separation, i.e. go apart (in company with [עִם] harlots, cf. RSSem. i, 436, 2nd ed. 455). Pu. Pt. divided, עַם … מְפֻוָּר וּמְפֹרָד בֵּין הָעַמִּים Est 3:8. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְרִיד Gn 30:40; Impf. יַפְרִיד Ru 1:17; Pr 18:18, 3 mpl. וַיַּפְרִדוּ 2 K 2:11; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּהַפְרִידוֹ Dt 32:8; Pt. מַפְרִיד Pr 16:28; 17:9;— 1. divide, separate Gn 30:40 (JE) Dt 32:8, of separating friends Pr 16:28; 17:9. 2. make a division, separation, between (בֵּין), 2 K 2:11; Ru 1:17; of parting disputants (c. בֵּין) Pr 18:18. Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. וְהִתְפָּֽרְדוּ ψ 22:15; Impf. יִתְפָּֽרְדוּ 92:10, -רָ֑דוּ Jb 4:11; 41:9;—be divided, separated, from each other; of scales of crocodile (c. neg.) Jb 41:9, of bones, = be loosened at the joint, ψ 22:15 (fig. of helplessness); = be dispersed Jb 4:11 ψ 92:10.

† חָצָה vb. divide (NH id.; Arabic حَظِىَ / حُظِىَ is be fortunate, happy with one’s husband or wife, etc., i.e. have a share in happiness; حَظْوَةٌ a small arrow; Di134 puts here Ethiopic ሐጸ: arrow, cf. חֵצִי)Qal Pf. חָצָה Nu 31:42; וְחָצִיתָ consec. Nu 31:27; וְחָצוּ consec. Ex 21:35; Impf. יֶחֱצֶה Is 30:28; וַיַּ֫חַץ Gn 32:8 + 2 times; וַיֶּחֱצֵם Ju 9:43; יֶחֱצוּ ψ 55:24; יֶחֱצוּן Ex 21:35; יֶחֱצוּהוּ Jb 40:30;— 1. divide, sq. כסף Ex 21:35; שׁור v 35 (both JE), לִוְיָתָן crocodile Jb 40:30; prey, מלקוח, Nu 31:27 (P; c. לְ before parts); a company of people Gn 32:8 (sq. לְ as foreg.), 33:1 (both J) Ju 9:43 (לְ as foreg.) but cf. 7:16. 2. (appar. denom. from חֲצִי) ψ 55:24 לא יח׳ ימיהם shall not halve their days, i.e. enjoy even half of the normal number; Is 30:28 עד צואר יח׳ shall halve unto the neck = shall reach to the neck and so divide the man in half. Niph. Impf. 3 fs. apoc. תֵּחָץ Dn 11:4 be divided (of kingdom), sq. לְ; ולא יֵחָ֫צוּ עוד לשׁני גוים Ez 37:22 (Judah and Isr.); water of Jordan 2 K 2:8, 14.

μερίζω, Doric dialect μερ-ίσδω, Refs 2nd c.BC+: Attic dialect future -ιῶ Refs 5th c.BC+: aorist ἐμέρισα Refs 3rd c.BC+; Doric dialect participle μερίξας Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect μεμέρικα Refs 1st c.BC+:—middle, future -ίσομαι LXX+4th c.BC+: aorist ἐμερισάμην Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect μεμέρισμαι Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, future μεριοῦμαι Refs 4th c.BC+: aorist ἐμερίσθην Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect μεμέρισμαι Refs 4th c.BC+: (μερίς):—divide, distribute, Refs 5th c.BC+; καθ᾽ ἕκαστον εἶδος πολιτείας μ. make a division, Refssplit up the amount, Refsdivide by.., Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 assign a part, allot, ἐφ᾽ ἕκαστον μ. τὸ φιλεῖν Refs 4th c.BC+; μ. τοὺς τόκους πρὸς τὸν πλοῦν allot the interest according to the voyage, i.e. pay only a part of it, if a part only of the voyage has been performed, Refs 4th c.BC+; allot, assign spheres of duty, τινι Refs; apportion, allocate funds, Refs 3rd c.BC+ (passive, Refs 1st c.BC+; bestow, Refs 1st c.AD+; κατὰ τόπους μ. τὰς ἀναγραφάς divide, arrange them, Refs 1st c.BC+; μ. τινὰ τοῖς ποιηταῖς, i. e. make one a theme for several tragedies, Refs 4th c.AD+:—passive, to be delivered over, εἰς ὕβριν καὶ δουλείανRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 sever, cut off, πελέκει χεῖρα Refs 4th c.AD+ __4 apply by turns, τὰς χεῖρας τῷ τε τείχει καὶ τῇ λύρᾳ Refs __II middle, μερίζεσθαί τι divide among themselves, χρήματα Refs 4th c.BC+; take possession of, τι Refs 4th c.BC+; ἠρόμην αὐτὸν πότερα μεμερισμένος εἴη πρὸς τὸν ἀδελφόν whether he had gone shares with his brother, Refs __II.2 with genitive of things, get a portion of, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2.b take part in, τοῦ ἀδικήματος Refs 4th c.BC+ __III passive, to be divided, κατὰ μέρος Refs 5th c.BC+; μ. πρὸς ἑκάστην διοίκησιν (i.e. αἱ πρόσοδοι) are distributed, Refs; ἐς πᾶσαν πεῖραν μ. make attempts in every direction, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __III.2 to be dispersed, ὕδωρ ὑπὸ πυρὸς μερισθέν Refs 5th c.BC+; to be split up, ἄνθρωπος πληγῇ τινι μεριζόμενος Refs 3rd c.AD+: metaphorically, have divided interests, disperse one's energy,Refs 5th c.BC+; also, to be split into parties or factions, Refs 2nd c.BC+; μεμέρισται ὁ Χριστό; NT __III.3 to be reckoned as part, ἐν τῇ ἀρχῇ τινος μ. Refs 4th c.BC+

† [פָּרַס] erron. פָּרַשׂ NöZA j, 417] vb. break in two, divide (NH in der. forms; Assyrian parâsu, divide, hinder; Arabic فَرَسَ break neck, etc.; Syriac ܦܰܪܣܳܐ hoof, 𝔗 פַּרְסְתָא (v. פַּרְסָה infr.); cf. NöZA i. 417 f.);—Qal Pf. 3 pl. וּפָֽרְשׂוּ Mi 3:3 they have broken up bones, as in kettle (? read Impf. וַיִּפְרְשׂוּ Nöl.c.); Inf. abs. פָּרֹס לָרָעֵב לַחְמֶ֑ךָ Is 58:7 a breaking for the hungry thy bread, so Impf. 3 mpl. יִפְרְסוּ לָהֶם Je 16:7 (לֶחֶם om.; but read יִפ׳ לֶחֶם אֶל־אָבֵל Gie, cf. [in part] 𝔊 𝔙 Gf); Pt. פֹרֵשׂ לָהֶם La 4:4 (acc. לֶחֶם om.). Hiph. Pf. 3 fs. הִפְרִיסָה Lv 11:6, etc.; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְרִיס v 5; Pt. מַפְרִיס v 4 +, מַפְרֶסֶת v 3 +, etc.;— 1. c. acc. פַּרְסָה divide hoof, i.e. have divided hoof (> denom. have hoofs), Dt 14:6, 7, 8 and ‖ Lv 11:3, 4, 5, 6, 7, so also Lv 11:26; מַפְרִיסֵי הַפּ׳ Dt 14:7 = מַפְרִסֵי הַפּ׳ Lv 11:4 (H). 2. pt. abs. denom. ψ 69:32 having hoofs (+ מַקְרִן).

διαμερ-ίζω, divide, Refs 5th c.BC+; distribute, τὸ ἐπιβάλλον Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, to be cut up, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II part, separate, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, divide or part among themselves, NT+5th c.AD+:—passive, to be set at variance, NT

σχίζω, Refs 5th c.BC+, etc.: poetry imperfect σχίζον Refs 5th c.BC+: future σχίσω LXX: aorist ἔσχισα Refs 8th c.BC+, Epic dialect σχίσσα Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, future σχισθήσομαι LXXperfect ἔσχισμαι (see. below):—split, cleave, ῥινὸν ὀνύχεσσι Refs 8th c.BC+; ἔσχισε δώδεκα μοίρας, i.e. divided them into twelve parts, Refs[same place]; σ. νῶτον γᾶς, of the plough, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of wood, Refs 5th c.BC+; of the wind, σ. περὶ πρῷραν τὰ κύματα Refs 4th c.BC+; ἔσχισε νῆα θάλασσα shattered it, Refs 1st c.BC+; σ. ὑποδήματα cut out, opposed to νευρορραφεῖν, Refs 5th c.BC+; tear, ἱμάτιον Refs 3rd c.AD+; οἱ ἀποθανόντες ἐσχισμένοις ἐνειλοῦνται ῥάκεσιν ὡς καὶ τὰ βρέφη Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 generally, part, separate, divide, Νεῖλος μέσην Αἴγυπτον σχίζων Hdt.[same place],Refs 5th c.BC+; σ. τὰς φλέβας divide them, Refs:—passive, σχισθέντα Refs 5th c.BC+; Νεῖλος σχίζεται τριφασίας ὁδούς branches into three channels, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ στρατιὴ ἐσχίζετο the army divided, Refs; of a bird's wings (compare σχιζόπτερος), Refs 4th c.BC+; of feet divided into toes (compare σχιζόπους), Refs; and of various parts of the body,Refs; branch off, ἀπὸ [τοῦ στελέχους] Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 σχίζειν γάλα make milk curdle, i. e. separate the whey from the curds, Refs __II metaphorically of divided opinions, σφεων ἐσχίζοντο αἱ γνῶμαι Refs 5th c.BC+. (Cf. Latin scindo, Gothic skaidan 'separate', etc.)

II. חָלַק vb. be smooth, slippery (NH adj. חָלָק smooth, empty, Arabic خَلَقَ make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Ho 10:2; 3 mpl. חָֽלְקוּ ψ 55:22;—smooth, slippery, only fig.: Ho 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ew Ke Wü Now RVm), We false; > Vrss (not 𝔊) Hi St who read חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; 𝔊 ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth ψ 55:22 i.e. deceptive (‖ רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱלִיק ψ 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Pr 2:16; 7:5; Impf. יַחֲלִיקוּן ψ 5:10; Pt. מַחֲלִיק Pr 28:23 + 2 times; make smooth: 1. lit. of idol-maker Is 41:7 c. acc. instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer. 2. fig. the tongue, i.e. flatter with it ψ 5:10; Pr 28:23, words, Pr 2:16; 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; abs. deal smoothy, sq. אֶל־ ψ 36:3, עַל Pr 29:5.

† [פָּלַג] vb. split, divide (NH chiefly in secondary meanings and deriv.; Arabic فَلَجَ divide, split; Aramaic פְּלֵיג, ܦܠܰܓ divide; Ethiopic ፈለግ ravine, stream; Assyrian palgu, canal);— Niph. Pf. 3 fs. נִפְלְגָה Gn 10:25; 1 Ch 1:19 was divided (earth). Pi. 1. Pf. 3 ms. פִּלַּג Jb 38:25 cleave a channel for rain. 2. Imv. ms. פַּלַּג (Ges§ 52 n) ψ 55:10 divide their speech (their counsels).

διαίρ-εσις, εως, ἡ, divisibility, Refs 4th c.BC+ __2 in Medicine texts, dissection, ζῴων Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.b venesection, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2.c surgical operation, Refs 1st c.BC+ __2.d plural, wounds, Refs __II dividing, distribution, of money, Refs 5th c.BC+; of spoil, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐν διαιρέσει [ψήφων] in the reckoning of the votes on either side, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III distinction, ἀγνωσίας τε καὶ γνώσεως Refs 5th c.BC+; [τῆς δημοκρατίας καὶ τῆς ὀλιγαρχίας] Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV in Logic, division of genus into species, τῶν γενῶν κατ᾽ εἴδη δ. Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to συναγωγαί, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV.b separation of subject and predicate, περὶ σύνθεσιν καὶ δ. ἐστι τὸ ψεῦδος καὶ τὸ ἀληθές Refs 4th c.BC+ __IV.2 ὁ παρὰ τὴν δ. [λόγος] the fallacy of division (compare σύνθεσις), Refs __V Rhet., division or distribution into heads, Refs 1st c.AD+ __VI Grammars, resolution of a diphthong into two syllables, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of one word into two, κατὰ διαίρεσιν ἀναγνωστέον Refs 1st c.BC+ __VII in Metric, division of a line at the close of a foot, diaeresis, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __VIII in Mathematics texts, δ. λόγου transformation of a ratio dividendo, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __IX division of troops, of the Roman cohors, Refs 1st c.AD+

διαιρ-έω, take apart, cleave in twain, divide, διὰ δ᾽ ἀμφοτέρους ἕλε κύκλους ἀσπίδος Refs 8th c.BC+; δ. λαγόν cut it open, Refs; δ. πυλίδα break it open, Refs 5th c.BC+tear away, pull down, Refs 5th c.BC+; δ. τοῦ τείχους take down part of the wall, make a breach in it, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὸ διῃρημένον the breach, Refs; διῃρημένοι τὸ ὑπόζωμα, of insects, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II divide, δύο μοίρας Λυδῶν the Lydians into two parts, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, divide for themselves, κατ᾽ ὀλίγας ναῦς διελόμενοι distributing their ships in small divisions, Refs 5th c.BC+; τοῖς δικάζουσι δ. τὰ ὦτα lending an ear to both parties, Refs 4th c.AD+; divide among themselves, τιμάς Refs 8th c.BC+ —passive, διῃρημένοι κατ᾽ ἀναπαύλας divided into relays, Refs; διαιρήσομαι as future passive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 break up, opposed to συντιθέναι, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.3 dispense, φάρμακον Refs 1st c.AD+ __III distinguish, τυραννίδος εἴδη δύο διείλομεν Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 determine, decide, διαφορὰς διαιρέοντες Refs 5th c.BC+; ψήφῳ δ. τοῦδε πράγματος πέριRefs 5th c.BC+; διαιρείσθω πόσα εἴδη, etc., Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 define expressly, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, with accusative et infinitive, Refs __III.4 middle, interpret, τέρας, δημεῖον, Refs 1st c.BC+ __IV in Logic, divide, δ. κατ᾽ εἴδη τὰ ὄντα Refs 5th c.BC+; divide a genus into its species, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, Refs __V in Mathematics texts, divide, Refs 5th c.BC+; διελόντι, dividendo, Refs 3rd c.BC+ __VI divide words, punctuate in reading, Refs 5th c.BC+; Grammars, resolve a diphthong or contracted form, διῃρῆσθαι Ἰακῶς Refs 1st c.AD+ __VII allocate revenues, Refs

† [הָבַר] vb.? divide (so most, but dub.; Arabic هَبَرَ cut into large pieces, cut up, is perhaps denom. from هَبْرَةٌ a ‘chunk’ of meat; comparison of Arabic خَبُرَ be acquainted with, skilled in (AW Kn Di) is also doubtful; if correct, then read חבר; but cf. infr.)— Qal Pf. 3 pl. הברו Is 47:13 Kt, Pt. הֹבְרֵי Qr; הֹבְרֵ֯ו שָׁמַיִם הַחֹזִים בַּכּוֹכָבִים they that divide the heavens, that gaze at the stars (Kt would be rel. cl. without אֲשֶׁר); ה׳ then refers to the distinguishing of signs of zodiac, or other astrological division of sky, cf. Che; on zodiac in Babylon v. JenKosmologie 57 ff.; & on planets & constellations Id.ib. 95 ff. Epping & StrmAstronomisches aus Bab. 109 ff.;—but text prob. corrupt; GFM (June, 1892) suggests חֹקְרֵי (cf. חקר את־הארץ Ju 18:2).

δῐχάζω, future -άσωRefs 3rd c.AD+:—divide in two, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 4th c.AD+; αἴγειρος.. δισσοῖσι κλάδοις δεδιχασμένη ἑνὸς ἐκ στελέχους Lyric poetry inLXX+2nd c.AD+ __b divide by two, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __2 δ. τινὰ κατά τινος divide one against another, NT __II intransitive, to be divided, interpolated in Refs 5th c.BC+; διχαζούσης ἡμέρας at mid-day, Refs

μερ-ιστής, οῦ, ὁ, divider, distributor, NT+2nd c.AD+; μ. χρόνων ζωῆς, of the lord of the horoscope, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—feminine μερ-ίστρια, Refs 4th c.BC+

† [פְּלַג] vb. divide (𝔗 Syriac; cf. BH (chiefly late));— Pe. Pt. pass. fs. פְּלִיגָה תֶּהֱוֵה Dn 2:41 shall be divided.

† [פְּרַס] vb. break in two (v. BH פרס);—Peʿîl (WCG 224) Pf. 3 fs. פְּרִיסַת מַלְכוּתָךְ Dn 5:28.