Separating and Dividing

[בָּדַל] vb. be divided, separate (Arabic بَدَلَ change, substitute, Mish. בָּדַל divide, Syriac ܒܕܰܠ Ithp. Ethp.)— Hiph. divide, separate; Pf. הִבְדִּיל Nu 16:9; Dt 10:8; sf. וְהִבְדִּילוֹ consec. Dt 29:20; 3 fs. וְהִבְדִּילָה Ex 26:33; וְהִבְדַּלְתָּ Nu 8:14; הִבְדִּילוּ Ez 22:26, etc. Impf. יַבְדִּיל Lv 1:17 +; וַיַּבְדֵּל Gn 1:4, 7; 1 Ch 25:1; sf. יַבְדִּילַנִי Is 56:3; וָאַבְדִּל Lv 20:26; וָאַבְדִּילָה Ezr 8:24, etc.; Inf. abs. הַבְדֵּל Is 56:3; cstr. לְהַבְדִּיל Gn 1:14 +; Pt. מַבְדִּיל Gn 1:6; מַבְדִּילִים Is 59:2;— 1. divide, separate, subj. God Gn 1:4 sq. בֵּין.… וּבֵין between light and darkness, cf. v 7; subj. heavenly bodies v 14, 18; subj. firmament sq. בֵּין … לְ Gn 1:6 (all in P’s source); Ex 26:33 of the פָּרֹכֶת in tab., sq. בֵּין … וּבֵין … לָכֶם; of iniquities, separating men from God בֵּין … לְבֵין Is 59:2. 2. separate, set apart, sq. מִן, of י׳, setting off Isr. from other peoples Lv 20:24 (H) Nu 16:9 (P); Lv 20:26 sq. also לִהְיוֹת לִי; cf. 1 K 8:53 הִבְדּ׳ לְךָ לְנַחֲלָה separate them to thyself as an inheritance; of Moses, setting apart Levites, sq. מִתּוֹךְ Nu 8:14; of separating an individual from the people, i.e. excluding him Dt 29:20, sq. also לְרָעָה; sq. מֵעַל Is 56:3(×2), i.e. excluding him; cf. also Ne 13:3 sq. מִן; of setting apart (forbidding) beasts as unclean לָכֶם לְטַמֵּא Lv 20:25; of setting apart the tribe of Levi לָשֵׂאת וגו׳ Dt 10:8 (subj. י׳); cf. also (hum. subj.) 1 Ch 25:1, sq. לַעֲבֹדָה, 2 Ch 25:10 sq. Inf.; similarly Ezr 8:24; even sq.; ptcp. Ez 39:14 they shall set apart men עֹבְרִים, i.e. to pass through, or men that shall pass through (RV); so of setting apart cities, acc. Dt 4:41; cf. 19:2, 7. 3. make a distinction between clean and unclean, holy and profane, sq. בֵּין … וּבֵין Lv 20:25 (H); 10:10; 11:47 (both P); sq. בֵּין … לְ Ez 22:26; 42:20. 4. divide into parts Lv 1:17; 5:8 (P), prohibited in case of fowls offered in sacrifice. Niph. Pf. נִבְדְּלוּ 1 Ch 12:8 Ezr 9:1; Impf. יִבָּדֵל Ezr 10:8; וַיִּבָּדֵל 1 Ch 23:13; וַיִּבָּֽדְלוּ Ezr 10:16; Ne 9:2; Imv. הִבָּֽדְלוּ Nu 16:21; Ezr 10:11; Pt. נִבְדָּל Ezr 6:21 Ne 10:29. 1. (reflex. of Hiph. 2) a. separate oneself from people of the land, heathen, and their practices, also from non-Jewish wives, sq. מִן Ezr 6:21; 9:1; 10:11; Ne 9:2; abs. in same sense Ezr 10:16 (cf. StaG ii. 199 & 179 n. Wl Pharisäer u. Sadd. 76). b. withdraw from (Moses & Aaron from Israel) Nu 16:21 (P), sq. מִתּוֹךְ. c. separate oneself unto (אֶל) David 1 Ch 12:8. d. Ne 10:29 combines. a. & c. separate oneself מֵעַמֵּי הָֽאֲרָצוֹת אֶל־תּוֹרַת הָאֱלֹהִים. 2. pass., be separated. a. be excluded from the people, sq. מִן Ezr 10:8. b. be set apart, of Aaron, sq. לְהַקְדִּישׁוֹ 1 Ch 23:13.—On הבדיל, & distinction from הפריד v. Dr JPh. xi. 219.

† I. [פָּרַד] vb. divide (NH id., divide, separate; so Syriac in der. spec. and deriv.; Arabic فَرَدَ be single, sole, also (Dozy) unfold, unroll);— Qal Pt. pass. fpl. פְּרֻדוֹת Ez 1:11 divided, i.e. spread, of wings. Niph. Pf. 3 pl. נִפְרְדוּ Gn 10:5, 32, נִפְרָ֑דוּ 2 S 1:23; Impf. יִפָּרֵד Gn 2:10; Pr 19:4, etc.; Imv. ms. הִפָּ֫רֶד נָא Gn 13:9; Inf. cstr. הִפָּֽרֶד־לוֹט v 14; Pt. נִפְרָד Ju 4:11; Pr 18:1, נִפְרָדִים Ne 4:13;— 1. divide, separate (intrans.), Gn 2:10 (of river, dividing into branches); of one man separating from another, c. מֵעַל 13:9, 11, מֵעִם v 14 (all J), from others, מִן Ju 4:11; recipr. Gn 25:23 (J; of sons of Rebekah representing nations, c. מִמֵּעַיִךְ in constr. praegn. [Ges§ 119 ff], i.e. divided (hostile) from birth); abs. Pr 18:1; of peoples separating from (מִן) parent stock 10:5, 32 (P). 2. be divided, separated, 2 S 1:23; Ne 4:13; of loss of friendship Pr 19:4. Pi. Impf. 3 ms. רְפָרֵ֑דוּ Ho 4:14 make a separation, i.e. go apart (in company with [עִם] harlots, cf. RSSem. i, 436, 2nd ed. 455). Pu. Pt. divided, עַם … מְפֻוָּר וּמְפֹרָד בֵּין הָעַמִּים Est 3:8. Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְרִיד Gn 30:40; Impf. יַפְרִיד Ru 1:17; Pr 18:18, 3 mpl. וַיַּפְרִדוּ 2 K 2:11; Inf. cstr. sf. בְּהַפְרִידוֹ Dt 32:8; Pt. מַפְרִיד Pr 16:28; 17:9;— 1. divide, separate Gn 30:40 (JE) Dt 32:8, of separating friends Pr 16:28; 17:9. 2. make a division, separation, between (בֵּין), 2 K 2:11; Ru 1:17; of parting disputants (c. בֵּין) Pr 18:18. Hithp. Pf. 3 pl. וְהִתְפָּֽרְדוּ ψ 22:15; Impf. יִתְפָּֽרְדוּ 92:10, -רָ֑דוּ Jb 4:11; 41:9;—be divided, separated, from each other; of scales of crocodile (c. neg.) Jb 41:9, of bones, = be loosened at the joint, ψ 22:15 (fig. of helplessness); = be dispersed Jb 4:11 ψ 92:10.

χωρ-ίζω, perfect passive κεχώρισμαι, 3rd.pers. plural Ionic dialect κεχωρίδαται Refs 5th c.BC+: (χωρίς). __I in local sense, separate, divide, χ. ἀλλήλων λόχους Refs 5th c.BC+; exclude, τὴν πτέρνην Refs 5th c.BC+; with infinitive added, [τὴν τάξιν] ἐπὶ τῷ μέσῳ ἐχώρισεν ἕπεσθαι Refs; οἱ χωρίζοντες the Separators, a name given to those Grammarians (Xenon and Hellanicus accusative to Refs 5th c.AD+ who ascribed the Iliad and Odyssey to different authors, Refs 8th c.BC+:—passive, to be separated, severed, or divided, Refs 5th c.BC+; τινος Refs 5th c.BC+ __II separate in thought, distinguish, ἡδύ τε καὶ δίκαιον Refs 5th c.BC+:— passive, to be different, κεχωρίδαται πολλὸν τῶν.. ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων Refs 5th c.BC+; νόμοι κεχωρισμένοι τῶν ἄλλων ἀνθρώπων laws apart from others, far different, Refs 5th c.BC+; opposed to συγκεχυμένος, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III passive, κεχωρισμένη ἀπὸ τοῦ ἀνδρός divorced, Refs 2nd c.BC+; θᾶσσον.. οἰστοῦ.. χωρίζεται, of a wife, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV later in passive, depart, go away, Refs 2nd c.BC+

ἀφορ-ίζω, mark off by boundaries, ἐξελόντας [τὸ ὄρος] τῷ θεῷ καὶ ἀφορίσανταςRefs 4th c.BC+; οὐσία ἀφωρισμένη property marked out by boundary-pillars, Refs 4th c.BC+:—middle, mark off for oneself, appropriate to oneself, χώραν ὅτι πλείστηνRefs 5th c.BC+: —passive, ἡ ὑπό τινος ἀφορισθεῖσα χώραRefs 5th c.BC+ __b border on, τοὺς ὅρους -ίζοντας τὸν ἈσωπόνRefs 5th c.BC+ __2 determine, define, Refs:—also middle, περὶ φύσεως ἀφοριζόμενοιRefs 4th c.BC+ — passive, χρόνος ἀφωρισμένος a determinate time, Refs 5th c.BC+; ὅροι -ισμένοι well-defined, Refs; ἀφωρισμένα definite cases, Refs 4th c.BC+: participle ἀφορίσας definitely, Refs 4th c.BC+ __3 separate, distinguish, Refs 5th c.BC+; exclude, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, ἀφορίζεσθαι ἀπό τινοςRefs distinct species, Refs 4th c.BC+ __4 bring to an end, finish, βίβλουςRefs 2nd c.BC+:— middle, λόγονRefs 5th c.BC+ __5 grant as a special gift, τᾷ κάλλος ἀφώρισε ΚύπριςRefs __II with accusative person, __II.1 banish, καί μ᾽ ἀπὸ γᾶς ὥρισεRefs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 separate, NT:—passive, ἱερέων γένος ἀπὸ τῶν ἄλλων-ισμένονRefs 5th c.BC+; ἐκ τινῶν ἀφωρισμένων from a definite class of persons, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἀφωρισμένος τέχνην having a definite art assigned one, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2.b set apart for rejection, cast out, excommunicate, NT __II.2.c set apart for some office, appoint, ordain, NT __II.2.d passive, ἀρχὴ ἀφωρισμένη πρὸς τὰς θυσίαςRefs 4th c.BC+; of a treatise, to be devoted to, with dative, Refs 6th c.AD+

† גִּזְרָה n.f. cutting, separation—גִּזְרָה Ez 41:12 + 6 times; sf. גִּזְרָתָם La 4:7;— 1. cutting, i.e. polishing (AV RV or carving, i.e. beauty of form, shape, cf. VB) סַפִּיר גִּזְרָתָם La 4:7; their polishing (or beauty of form) was as sapphire. 2. separation, הַגִּזְרָה Ez 41:12, 13, 14, 15; 42:1, 10, 13, separate place AV RV cf. Da; i.e. yard, or space adjoining temple on three sides.

† [פָּלָה] vb. Niph. be separated, distinct (‖ form of פלא q.v.; cf. Arabic فلو, فَلَا separate from sucking, wean; Ethiopic ፈለየ; separate, distinguish);— 1. Pf. 1 pl. consec. וְנִפְלִינוּ Ex 33:16 and we shall be distinct, c. מִן pers. 2. 1 s. נִפְלֵיתִי ψ 139:14 I am wonderful (viz. in bodily stature etc.); תָ thou [י׳] art wonderful (פלא 3). Hiph. Pf. 3 ms. הִפְלָה ψ 4:4, וְה׳ consec. Ex 9:4; 1 s. וְהִפְלֵיתִי consec. 8:18; Impf. 3 ms. יַפְלֶה 11:7; Imv. ms. הַפְלֵה ψ 17:7;—of י׳, make separate, c. acc. Ex 8:18 (by treating differently); set apart ψ 4:4, but perhaps read חֶסֶד לִי (for MT חָסִיד לוֹ), hath made wonderful (his) kindness to me (Dy Gr Che We Du [Bae ‘perhaps’]), so 17:7 (cf. 31:22); distinguish between, בֵּין rei, Ex 9:4, בֵּין pers. 11:7.

I. [נָזַר] vb. dedicate, consecrate, (cf. WeSkizzen iii. 118), separate, in relig. and ceremonial sense (NH only as denom., cf. ii. נזר; Arabic نَذَرَ make a vow, cf. WeSkizzen iii. 117 f., RS i. 463 f., 2d ed. 482 f.; Sab. נדֿר vow LevyZMG xxii (1868), 196 Min. id., HomSüdar. Chrest. 128; Aramaic ܢܕܰܪ, נְדַר, vow; Assyrian nazâru, curse DlHWB 457);— Niph. Impf. יִנָּזֵר Ez 14:7, וַיִּנָּזֵר Lv 22:2; וַיִּנָּֽזְרוּ Ho 9:10; Inf. abs. הִנָּזֵר Zc 7:3;—devote, dedicate oneself unto (ל), הַבּשֶׁת, i.e. Baʿal Ho 9:10; from (מִן) י׳ Ez 14:7 (of apostasy); hold sacredly aloof from, (מִן) Lv 22:2 (H); abs. Zc 7:3 consecrating my(self), i.e. by fasting. Hiph. Pf. וְהִזַּרְתֶּם אֶת־בְּנֵי־יִשׂ׳ מִטֻּמְאָתָם Lv 15:31 (P) and ye shall keep the sons of Isr. sacredly separate from their uncleanness (but read; perhaps וְהִזְהַרְתֶּם warn away from—as Ez 3:18; 33:8, 9,—so Sam. 𝔊—as to sense—Di Kau).—Vid. also נָזַר²" dir="rtl" >ii. [נָזַר²" dir="rtl" >נָזַר].

† II. [נָזַר] vb. denom. Hiph. be a Nazirite, live as Nazirite, sq. מִן (abstaining) from (so NH);—only Nu 6 in law of Naz.: Pf. וְהִזִּיר לי׳ consec. v 12; Impf. יַזִּיר לי׳ v 5; also מִיַּיִן … יַזִּיר v 3 from wine … he shall abstain as a Nazirite; Inf. לְהַזִּיר לְי׳ v 2, כָּל־יְמֵי הַזִּירוֹ לי׳ v 6.

ἀπαλλοτρι-όω, perfect ἀπηλλοτρίωκαRefs 4th c.BC+:—estrange, alienate, ἀφ᾽ ὑμῶν τὸν ἐπὶ Θρᾴκης τόπον [same place]; λόγον -οῦντα κακίαςRefs 1st c.AD+:—passive, to be alienated, τινός from one, Refs 2nd c.BC+; πρός τινα towards one, Refs 5th c.BC+ill-suited for.., Refs __2 of property, alienate, Refs 4th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __3 of things, separate, distinguish, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.b alter, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3.c remove, in Surgery, Refs 2nd c.AD+:—active, Refs 2nd c.AD+

διαστολ-ή, ἡ, (διαστέλλω) drawing asunder, dilatation, of the lungs, Refs 4th c.BC+; of the heart, Refs 2nd c.AD+; of the pulse, Refs; δ. χειλέων parting of the lips, i.e. utterance, LXX __b separation, Refs 4th c.BC+; notch or nick, Refs 1st c.AD+; boundary, fence, Refs; fencing off, τῆς γῆς Refs 2nd c.BC+ __2 distinction, NT+4th c.BC+; μετὰ διαστολῆς προενεχθέντα with discrimination, Refs 2nd c.BC+; detailed statement or explanation, Refs 2nd c.BC+; specification of items in an account, Refs 1st c.BC+; article in a contract, etc., Refs __3 command, injunction, order, LXX+2nd c.BC+ __4 payment, Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II Grammars, comma (as in ὅ, τι), Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.b distinction, γενῶν Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II.c opposition, πρός τι Refs __II.2 in Music, distinctness, of notes, NT

ἀποχωρ-ίζω, separate from, τὸ χεῖρον ἀπὸ βελτίονοςRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be separated from, πυρόςRefs __2 separate, set apart, detach, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ὡς ἓν εἶδος separate and put into one class, Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 passive, to be vomited, Refs 3rd c.BC+ middle in Refs

† I. [נָדָה] vb.Pi. put away, exclude (NH Pi. (excommunicate) Hithp. Niph.; Assyrian nadû, throw, overthrow, destroy, etc., DlHWB 448 f.);— Pi. Pt. הַמְֿנַדִּים לְיוֹם רַע Am 6:3 they that thrust off the evil day (i.e. refuse to think of it); lit. מְנַדֵּיכֶם Is 66:5 thrust away, exclude from association in worship (on usage v. Che).

ἀποδιορ-ίζω, mark off by dividing or defining, Refs 4th c.BC+; (i.e. ἑαυτούς) NT

διαχωρ-ίζω, separate, Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs 5th c.BC+:—passive, Refs 5th c.BC+divorced, Refs 1st c.AD+

† גְּזֵרָה n.f. separation—אֶל־אֶרֶץ גְּזֵרָ֑ה Lv 16:22 (P) unto a land of separation, of the goat for Azazel; solitary land RV; ‘cut off,’ i.e. whence it would not readily find its way back VB.

† [מִבְדָּלָה] n.f. separate place, הַמִּבְדָּלוֹת Jos 16:9 (appos. הֶעָרִים); but read prob. הַמֻּבְדָּלוֹת Hoph. Pt. from בדל, or הַנִּבְדָּלוֹת Niph. Pt. cf. Di