עָבַד290 H5647
To work, serve, worship, till, or enslave; spanning religious devotion, personal service, agricultural labor, and forced servitude
Few Hebrew verbs reveal the ancient world's integration of the sacred and mundane as vividly as avad. The same root that describes Adam tilling the garden (Gen 2:15) also describes Israel worshiping God (Exod 10:26) and Pharaoh enslaving a nation (Exod 1:13). Arabic preserves this spectrum with three distinct roots — abd for worship, khadama for personal service, and amala for labor — exposing semantic distinctions that Hebrew bundles into one. From field to temple to forced labor camp, avad maps the full spectrum of human duty, devotion, and subjugation.
6. till, cultivate (land) — To till, cultivate, or farm agricultural land. Arabic falaha 'to plow' and Korean gyeongjakhada 'to cultivate' distinguish this from generic labor. Primordial in Genesis: no one to till the ground (Gen 2:5), Adam placed in Eden 'to work it' (Gen 2:15), then expelled 'to till the ground' from which he was taken (Gen 3:23). Cain as 'a tiller of the ground' (Gen 4:2, 12). 12×
AR["الْعَامِلَةُ","تَعْمَلُ","عامِلُ","عَامِلَ","عَامِلُ","فَتَعْمَلُهَا","لِيَعْمَلَ","لِيَعْمَلَهَا","مَنْ-يَفْلَحُ","وَتَفلَحُ","وَتَفْلَحُهَا"]·ben["আর-চাষ-করবে-তাকে","এবং-চাষ-করবে","এবং-তুমি-চাষ-করবে","কর্ষণকারী","চাষ-করতে","চাষ-করতে-তাকে","চাষকারী","তুমি-কর্ষণ-কর","যে-চাষ-করে","সেবক"]·DE["Knecht","Knechte-von","du-bearbeitest","ein-Bearbeiter","ihn-zu-bearbeiten","und-Werk","und-dienen","und-du-soll-Werk","zu-bearbeiten"]·EN["and-it-will-work-it","and-work","and-you-shall-work","he-who-works","one-who-works","tilling","to-work","to-work-it","worker-of","working","you-work"]·FR["et-oeuvre","et-servitude","et-tu-devra-œuvre","mon-serviteur","servir","serviteur","tu-travail","worker-de","à-travail","à-travail-cela"]·heb["ו-עבדה","ו-עבדת","ל-עבד","ל-עבד-ה","עבד","עובד","עובדי"]·HI["उसकी-सेवा-करने-के-लिए","और-काम-करेगा","और-जोतेगा","और-जोतेगा-उसे","काम-करने-वाला","जोतने-के-लिए","जोतने-को","जोतने-वाले","जोतनेवाला","जोतेगा"]·ID["Siapa-mengerjakan","Yang-mengerjakan","dan-engkau-akan-mengerjakan","dan-ia-akan-mengolahnya","dan-mengerjakan","engkau-mengerjakan","penggarap","untuk-mengerjakan","yang-mengerjakan","yang-mengolah"]·IT["a-opera","a-opera-esso","e-opera","e-servire","e-tu-dovrà-opera","il-mio-servo","servire","servo","tu-opera","worker-di"]·jav["Lan-panjenengan-badè-nggarap","ingkang-nggarap","ingkang-ngolah","kangge-nggarap","lan-ngolah","lan-sami-ngènggar","panjenengan-nggarap","tiyang-kang-nanduri","tiyang-kang-nggarap"]·KO["경작하는","경작하는-자","경작하는-자는","경작하면","그리고-경작하라","그리고-경작할-것이다-그것을","그리고-돌보고","에-경작하기-위해","일하는","일하는-자-는"]·PT["E-trabalharás","Quem-lavra","Trabalhador-de","cultivador","cultivares","e-cultivarás","e-lavrá-la-á","para-cultivar","para-cultivá-lo","trabalhador-de","trabalhadores-de"]·RU["будешь-возделывать","возделывателем","и-будет-возделывать-её","и-будешь-возделывать","и-будешь-обрабатывать","обрабатывающие-","обрабатывающий","чтобы-возделывать","чтобы-возделывать-его"]·ES["El-que-trabaja","Y-trabajarás","el-que-labra","labrador-de","labres","para-labrar","para-labrarla","que-labran","que-trabaja","y-cultivarás","y-la-trabajará"]·SW["anayeilima","anayelima","ili-kulima","kuilima","kulima","mkulima","mkulima-wa","na-utafanya-kazi","na-utailima","na-wailime","utakapolima","wanaolima"]·TR["isleyen","işlemek-için","işlesen","işleyen","ve-işleyecek","ve-işleyeceksin","ve-çalışacaksın"]·urd["اور-تُو-کاشت-کرے-گا","اور-کاشت-کرے-گی","اور-کام-کرےگا","جوتنے-والے","کام-کرنے-والا","کام-کرنے-کو","کام-کرے-گا"]
Gen 2:5, Gen 2:15, Gen 3:23, Gen 4:2, Gen 4:12, Deut 28:39, 2 Sam 9:10, Prov 12:11, Prov 28:19, Isa 30:24, Jer 27:11, Zech 13:5
▼ 7 more senses below
Senses
1. worship, serve (God/deity) — To worship or serve a deity in a religious or covenantal sense — by far the dominant use (203x). Arabic abd consistently distinguishes divine service from personal or productive labor. Covers both proper worship of YHWH (Exod 10:11, 26; Num 4:24) and idolatrous service to foreign gods, making it the key verb for covenant fidelity and apostasy throughout Deuteronomy and the historical books. 203×
AR["لِ-خِدْمَةِ","لِ-نَعْبُدَ","لِ-يَخْدِمُوا","لِتَعْمَلُوا","لِلْعَمَلِ","لِنَعْبُدَ","لِيَخْدِمُوا","لِيَعبُدوا","لِيَعْبُدَ","لِيَعْبُدُوا","وَ-عَبَدوا","وَ-عَبَدَ","وَ-عَبَدُوا","وَعَبَدُوا","يَعْبُدُونَ"]·ben["-তে-সেবা-করতে","এবং-তারা-সেবা-করল","এবং-সেবা-করল","এলোহিম","করতে","সেবা-করতে"]·DE["dienen","und-diente","und-sie-diente","zu-dienen","zu-diente"]·EN["and-served","and-they-served","to-serve"]·FR["et-ils-servit","et-servit","servir","à-servir","à-serviteur"]·heb["ו-יעבדו","ו-עבדו","ל-עבד","ל-עבוד"]·HI["और-सेवा-करते-थे","और-सेवा-की","करने-के-लिए","करने-को","सेवा-करने-के-लिए","सेवा-करने-को"]·ID["Dan-beribadahlah","dan-beribadahlah","dan-mereka-beribadah","dan-mereka-melayani","untuk-bekerja","untuk-beribadah","untuk-melakukan","untuk-melayani"]·IT["a-servire","a-servo","e-essi-servi","e-essi-servì","e-servì","servire"]·jav["Lan-ngladosi","kangge-ngabekti","kangge-ngladosi","kanggé-lelados","kanggé-ngabdi","kanggé-ngabekti","kanggé-ngladosi","lan-ngabdi","lan-ngladosi","supados-ngabdi","supados-ngabekti"]·KO["그리고-그들이-섬겼다","그리고-섬겼다","그리고-섹겼다","섬기게-","섬기기-위하여","섬기기-위해","섬기다","섬기려고","섹기기-위하여","을-서기려고"]·PT["E-serviram","e-serviram","para-servir"]·RU["И-служил","для-служения","и-служили","служить","чтобы-служить"]·ES["Y-sirvieron","a-servir","para-servir","servir","y-sirvieron"]·SW["kufanya","kumtumikia","kutumika","kutumikia","kwa-kutumika","laabwod","na-wakaabudu","na-wakamtumikia","na-waliabudu"]·TR["-için-hizmet-etmek","hizmet-etmek-için","hizmet-etmeleri-için","kulluk-etmek-için","ve-hizmet-ettiler","ve-kulluk-ettiler","yapmak-için"]·urd["اور-عبادت-کرتے-تھے","اور-عبادت-کی","خدمت-کرنا","خدمت-کرنے-کو","عبادت-کرنے","عبادت-کرنے-کو","عبادت-کرنے-کے-لیے","عبادت-کرو","غلامی-کرنے-کو","کرنے-کے-لیے"]
2. serve, minister to (a person) — To serve or minister to a human master, lord, or king in a personal capacity. Arabic khadama 'to serve a person' and Korean seomgida 'to attend' distinguish this from religious worship. Jacob serves Laban for Rachel (Gen 29:18, 25, 27), vassals serve overlords (Gen 14:4), and Esau is told he will serve his brother (Gen 27:40) — all relational, hierarchical service. 21×
AR["أَخْدِمُكَ","أَعمَلُ","بِخِدْمَتِكَ","تَخدِمُ","تَخْدِمُ","تَخْدِمُكِ","خَدَمُوا","خَدَمْتُ","خَدَمْتُكَ","عَمِلتُ-","مِنْ-خِدْمَةِ","مِنْ-خِدْمَتِنَا","وَ-خَدَمَكَ","وَ-يَخدِمُهُ","وَيَخْدِمُكَ","يَخدِمُ","يَخْدِمُ","يَخْدِمُونَ"]·ben["আমাদের-সেবা-করা-থেকে।","আর-সে-সেবা-করেছে-তোমাকে","এবং-সে-সেবা-করে-তোমাকে","এবং-সেবা-করুক-তাকে","তোমার-সেবা-করতে","তোমার-সেবা-করব","তোমার-সেবা-করবে","সেবা-করছে","সেবা-করতে-থেকে","সেবা-করব","সেবা-করবে","সেবা-করেছি","সেবা-করেছিল","সেবা-করেছিলাম"]·DE["dein-Knecht","dienen","dienend","dienten-sie","du-dienst","er-soll-dienen","ich-diente","ich-dir-gedient","ich-gedient-habe","ich-will-dir-dienen","und-dein-Knecht","und-er-serves-du","und-er-soll-dienen-ihn","von-dienend-uns","wird-diene","wirst-du-dienen"]·EN["I-served","I-will-serve-you","and-he-served-you","and-he-serves-you","and-he-shall-serve-him","from-serving","from-serving-us","he-shall-serve","serving","they-served","to-serve-you","will-serve","will-serve-you","you-will-serve"]·FR["Je---servir-tu","Je-servit","de-serving-nous","et-il---servir-lui","et-il-serves-tu","et-servir","fera-sers","il---servir","il-devra-servir","ils-servit","je-servit","serving","servir","servir-toi","tu---servir"]·heb["אעבוד","ו-עבדו","ו-עבדך","יעבד","יעבדוך","יעבוד","מ-עבדנו","מ-עבוד","עבד","עבד-ך","עבדים","עבדך","עבדתי"]·HI["उनहोने-सेव-कि","और-सेवा-करेगा-उसकी","और-सेवा-करेगा-तेरी","और-सेवा-करेगा-वह-तेरी","करे","तेरी-सेवा-करने","तेरी-सेवा-करेंगे","मैंने-सेवा-की","से-सेवा-करने","सेवा-करते-हैं","सेवा-करूँ","सेवा-करूँगा-तेरी","सेवा-करे","सेवा-करेगा","सेवा-की-मैंने","सेवा-की-है-मैंने","सेवा-हमारी-से"]·ID["akan-melayani","aku akan bekerja untukmu","aku bekerja","aku-melayani","aku-telah-melayani","dan-dia-bekerja-untukmu","dan-ia akan melayaninya","dan-melayanimu","dari-menjadi-hamba-kita","engkau akan bekerja","engkau-akan-melayani","ia akan bekerja","ia-bekerja","ia-lakukan","kerjakan","melayanimu","mengabdi-mereka","untuk-mengabdi"]·IT["da-serving-noi","e-egli-serves-tu","e-egli-shall-servire-lui","e-servire","egli-dovra-servire","egli-shall-servire","essi-servì","io-servì","io-will-servire-tu","servendo","servire","servire-tuo","tu-will-servire","vorrà-servi"]·jav["Kula-badé-ngladosi-panjenengan","badhe-ngladosi","kawula-ngladosi","kula-ngladosi","lan-ngabekti-dhateng-panjenengan","lan-piyambakipun-ngladosi-panjenengan","ngabdi-panjenengan","ngladosi","ngladosi-panjenengan","panjenengan-badé-ngladosi","piyambakipun-badhé-ngladosi;","piyambakipun-ngladosi","saking-ngladosi-kita","sami-ngladosi","sarta-badhé-ngladosi-piyambakipun"]·KO["그가-섬기리라","그들이-섬겨왔다","그리고-그가-너를-섬기리라","그리고-그가-섬기리라","그리고-섬기리라-그가-너를","너를-섬기는-것을","너를-섬기지-않는","섬겨왔던","섬겼다-내가","섬기겠나이다-당신을","섬기는","섬기는-것을-","섬기리라","섬기지-않았느냐-내가","섬길","섬길-것이다","우리를-섬기기에서"]·PT["de-servir","de-servir-nos?","e-servi-lo-á","e-servir-te-á","e-te-servir","servi","servindo","servir-te?","serviram","servirei","servirei-te","servirá","servirás","te-servirem","trabalhará"]·RU["будет-работать","будет-служить","будешь-служить","буду-служить","буду-служить-тебе","будут-служить-тебе","и-будет-служить-ему","и-будет-служить-тебе","и-послужит-тебе","от-работы-на-нас","служат","служил","служил-я","служили-они","служить","служить-тебе"]·ES["de-servir","de-servirnos","servirte","servirá","servirás","serviré","serviré-te","serví","sirviendo","sirvieron","te-sirvan","y-le-servirá","y-te-servirá","y-te-sirve"]·SW["atatumika","hawatakutumikia","kukutumikia","kutoka-kututumikia","kuwatumikia","na-akakutumikia","na-amekutumikia","na-atamtumikia","nilikutumikia","nilimtumikia","nilivyomtumikia","nitakutumikia","nitamtumikia","utamtumikia","utanitumikia","walimtumikia","wanatumika"]·TR["hizmet-edecek","hizmet-edeceksin","hizmet-edeceğim","hizmet-ediyorlar","hizmet-etmek-sana","hizmet-etmekten-","hizmet-ettiler","hizmet-ettim","kulluk-edecek-sana","kölelikten","ve-hizmet-edecek-ona","ve-hizmet-ederse-sana","ve-hizmet-etti-sana","Çalışırım-sana","çalışacaksın","çalıştım"]·urd["اور-خدمت-کرے","اور-خدمت-کرے-تیری","اور-خدمت-کرے-گا-اُس-کی","تیری-خدمت-کرنے-کو","خدمت-کرنے-سے","خدمت-کرنے-والے","خدمت-کروں","خدمت-کروں-گا-تیری","خدمت-کرے","خدمت-کرے-گا","خدمت-کرے-گی-تیری","خدمت-کی-میں-نے","خدمت-ہماری-سے","غلامی-کی","کرے"]
3. work, labor — To work or labor in a general productive sense, without a personal or divine object. Arabic amala 'to work' and Korean ilhada 'to labor' mark generic industry. Covers the Sabbath commandment framework ('six days you shall labor,' Exod 20:9; 34:21), Egyptian forced labor (Exod 1:14; 5:18), and the status of indentured workers (Lev 25:39). 19×
AR["اعْمَلُوا","تَسْتَعْبِدُونَ","تَسْتَعْبِدْهُ","تَعمَلُ","تَعْمَلُ","عَمِلَ","عَمِلُوا","لِيَعْمَلَ","لِيَعْمَلُوا","وَ-لِيَعْمَلَ","يَخْدِمُ","يَعْمَلُونَهُ","يُعْمَلْ"]·ben["-তে-সেবা-করতে","ও-করতে","কাজ-করবে","কাজ-করানো-হয়েছে","কাজ-করাবে","কাজ-করাবে;","কাজ-করো","তারা-সেবা-করেছিল","তুমি-কাজ-করবে","তুমি-কাজ-করাবে","সে-কাজ-করেছে","সেবা-করবে-তাকে"]·DE["Knecht","Werk","dienen","du-soll-Arbeit","du-soll-Werk","er-soll-Werk","hat-gewesen-worked","sie-labored","und-zu-diente","zu-tun"]·EN["and-to-work","has-been-worked","he-labored","he-shall-work","they-labored","they-shall-work-it","to-do","work","you-shall-labor","you-shall-work"]·FR["a-été-worked","et-à-serviteur","il-devra-oeuvre","ils-labored","servir","serviteur","travail","tu---labeur","tu---travail","tu-devra-oeuvre","tu-devra-travail","à-faire"]·heb["ו-ל-עבוד","יעבד","יעבדוהו","ל-עבד","עבד","עבדו","עובד","תעבד","תעבדו","תעבוד"]·HI["और-करने-के-लिए","करने-के-लिए","कराते-थे","काम-करेगा","काम-करो","काम-किया-गया","काम-लेगा","की-उसने","के-सेवा-करने","तुम काम कराओगे","तू कराएगा","वह काम करेगा","वे-उसे-काम-करेंगे","सेवा-करने-के-लिए"]·ID["bekerjalah","dan-untuk-mengerjakan","dengan-pekerjaan","dia-kerjakan","engkau-akan-bekerja","ia-akan-bekerja","kamu-akan-mempekerjakan","kamu-bekerja","kamu-mempekerjakan","mereka-kerjakan","mereka-mengerjakannya","pernah-dipakai-bekerja","untuk-melakukan"]·IT["a-fare","e-a-servo","egli-dovra-opera","essi-labored","ha-stato-worked","opera","servire","servo","tu-dovra-lavoro","tu-dovra-opera","tu-shall-lavoro","tu-shall-opera"]·jav["bok-ngabdi","kangge-ngladosi","kedah-panjenengan-ngangge","lan-supados-ngladosi","panjenengan-badhé-makarya","panjenengan-badhé-nyambut-damel,","panjenengan-nyambut-damel","piyambakipun-nyambut-damel","sami-damel;","sami-ngawula","sami-ngladosi","sampun-dipundamel","sira-damel","supados-ngladosi"]·KO["그리고-에-이루시려고","너는-부리라","너는-일할-것이다","너희는-부릴지니라","네가-일하라","섬겼다","섹기기-위하여","수고하였던","에게-섬기게","일하게-하리라-네가","일하라","일할-것이다","일할-것이다-그것을","일했다"]·PT["e-para-fazer","farás-trabalhar","foi-trabalhada","para-fazer","servi","serviram","serviu","trabalhareis","trabalhará","trabalharás","trabalharão-a","trabalhou"]·RU["будешь-работать","будут-работать-ему","для-служения","заставляй-работать","и-совершить","пусть-работает","работай","работайте","работала","работали","служил","трудился"]·ES["ha-sido-trabajada","lo-harás-trabajar","lo-servirán","para-servir","trabajad","trabajaron","trabajará","trabajarás","trabajaréis","trabajó","y-para-hacer"]·SW["alifanya","alifanya-kazi","amefanya-kazi","atafanya-kazi","fanya-kazi","fanyeni-kazi","kufanya","kufanya-kazi","mtafanya-kazi","na-kufanya","utafanya-kazi","utamfanyisha-kazi","walifanya","watautumikia"]·TR["hizmet-etti","işleyecekler-onu","ve-yapmak","yapmak-için","çalışacak","çalışacaksın","çalıştıracaksın","çalıştıracaksınız","çalıştırdılar","çalıştırıldı","çalışın"]·urd["اور-کرنے-کے-لیے","خدمت-کرنے","کام-لو","کام-لیا-گیا","کام-لیتے-تھے","کام-لینا","کام-لے","کام-کر","کام-کرو","کام-کریں-گے-اِسے","کام-کرے-گا","کی-اُس-نے","کے-لیے-کرنے"]
4. servant, worshiper (substantive participle) — Qal active participle used as a substantive: servant, worshiper, or worker as a person. Arabic abid 'worshiper' versus amil 'worker' again disambiguate what Hebrew leaves unified. Includes Issachar becoming 'a servant of forced labor' (Gen 49:15), Levitical workers numbered for tabernacle service (Num 4:37, 41), and Canaanites subjected to labor gangs (Josh 16:10; 1 Kgs 9:21). 16×
AR["الْعَامِلِ","سُخْرَةٍ","صَانِعُو","عامِلٍ","عَابِدِي","عَابِدِيهِ","عَبْدٍ","لِ-عَامِلِي","لِعَابِدِي","مُؤْلِمٌ","وَ-الْ-عَامِلُ"]·ben["এবং-কর্মকর্তা","কর্মকর্তাদের-জন্য","কার্যকারীরা","তার-সেবকদের","দাস","যে-সেবা-করে","শ্রমিকের","সেবকদের","সেবকেরা","সেবাকারীরা"]·DE["Knechte-von","Sklaven","der-Knecht","der-dienend","der-diente-","dienend","sein-Knechte","und-der-Knecht","zu-Knechte-von"]·EN["and-the-worker-of","for-workers-of","his-servants","servant","servants-of","serving","slaves","the-serving","the-worker","the-worshipers-of","to-servants-of","workers-of"]·FR["esclaves","et-le-serviteur","le-serving","le-servir","mon-serviteur","pour-mon-serviteur","servant","serviteur","serviteurs-de","son-serviteurs","à-serviteurs-de"]·heb["ה-עבד","ה-עובד","ו-ה-עובד","ל-עובדי","עֹבֵד","עבד","עובד","עובדי","עובדיו"]·HI["ओवदे","ओव्दाव","और-जो-काम-करता-है","काम-करने-वाले","काम-करनेवाला","को-काम-करने-वालों","दास","मजदूर","मज़दूर-की","लओवदे","सेवा-करने-वाले"]·ID["-penyembah","-penyembah-penyembah","-penyembah-penyembahnya","budak","dan-pekerja","kepada-penyembah-penyembah","paksa","pekerja","pekerja-pekerja","penyembah","untuk-pekerja-pekerja","yang-bekerja"]·IT["a-servi-di","e-il-servo","il-mio-servo","il-servendo","il-servire","schiavi","servi-di","serving","servo","suoi-servi"]·jav["Lan-ingkang-ngladosi","abdi","dhateng-para-pangabekti","ingkang-ngladosi","ingkang-nyambut-damèl","kangge-ingkang-ngladosi","para-abdinipun","para-pangabekti","tiyang-ingkang-nyambut-damel","tiyang-ingkang-nyembah"]·KO["~에게-섬기는-자들","그-섹기는-자","그리고-일하는-자가","그의-종들","노동자로","섬기는-자-들-이","섬기는-자들","섬기는-자들-을","섬기는-자로","일꾼의","일하는-자-의","일하는-자들의","일하는-자들이"]·PT["E-o-que-trabalha","a-servos-de","de-trabalho","o-que-serve","o-trabalhador","os-que-servem","os-que-trabalham-com","para-trabalhadores-de","servil","servindo","servos-de","seus-servos"]·RU["И-работники","для-работников","работающие","работы-рабом","рабочим","рабской","слуг-его","служащего","служащие","служителей","служители","служителям","трудящегося,"]·ES["Y-el-que-sirve","a-siervos-de","el-que-sirve","el-que-trabaja","los-que-trabajan","obrero","para-servidores-de","servidores-de","siervos","siervos-de","siervos-de-él","sirviente"]·SW["Na-watumishi-wa","kulazimishwa","kwa-watumishi-wa","mfanyakazi","wa-kufanya-kazi","waabuduo","wafanyakazi","wanaotumika","watumishi-wa","watumishi-wake"]·TR["calisanlari","hizmet-eden","hizmet-edenler","hizmetkârları","hizmetkârlarına","hizmetkârlarını","iscisindir","köle","ve-çalışan","çalışan","çalışanlarına"]·urd["اور-کام-کرنے-والے","اُس-کے-عبادت-کرنے-والوں","جو-خدمت-کرنے-والا","عبادت-کرنے-والوں","عبادت-کرنے-والوں-سے","عبادت-کرنے-والے","غلام-کی","مزدور","مزدور-کی","پوجنے-والے","کام-کرنے-والا","کام-کرنے-والوں-کے-لیے","کام-کرنے-والے"]
Gen 49:15, Num 4:37, Num 4:41, Josh 16:10, 1 Kgs 9:21, 2 Kgs 10:19, 2 Kgs 10:19, 2 Kgs 10:21, 2 Kgs 10:22, 2 Kgs 10:23, 2 Kgs 10:23, Ps 97:7 (+4 more)
5. enslave, compel to serve (Hifil causative) — Hifil causative: to enslave, to compel to serve, to subject to forced labor. Arabic istaabada 'to enslave' and Swahili -tumikisha (causative of -tumika) mark the coercive dimension. Central to the Exodus paradigm: God tells Abraham his descendants will be enslaved (Gen 15:14), Egypt makes Israel serve ruthlessly (Exod 1:13; 6:5), and later kings conscript laborers (2 Chr 2:18). 13×
AR["أَخْضَعَ","أَعَبْدَتَنِي","أُعَبِّدْكَ","اسْتَعْبَدُوا-","فَ-اسْتَعْبَدَ","لِ-تَسْخِيرِ","وَ-أَسْتَعْبِدُكَ","وَ-جَعَلَ","يَسْتَخْدِمُ","يَسْتَعْبِدُونَكَ-","يَسْتَعْبِدُونَهُمْ","يُسْتَعْبَدُونَ","ٱلْمُسْتَعْبِدِينَ"]·ben["আর-সেবা-করাব-তোমাকে","ও-কাজ-করাল","ও-তিনি-সেবা-করালেন","কাজ-করাতে","দাসত্ব-করাচ্ছে","দাসত্ব-করিয়েছ-আমাকে","দাসত্ব-করিয়েছি-তোমাকে","যারা-দাসত্ব-করায়","সে-কাজ-করিয়েছে","সে-খাটাতে-দেয়","সেবা-করবে","সেবা-নিয়েছে"]·DE["der-Knechte","dienen","enslaving","sie-dienen-werden","und-dienen","und-sie-worked"]·EN["I-caused-you-to-serve","and-I-will-make-serve-you","and-he-made-serve","and-they-worked","enslaving","made-labor","makes-work","the-enslaving","they-will-serve","to-make-work","will-make-serve-","will-serve-","you-have-burdened-Me"]·FR["enslaving","et-ils-worked","et-servir","ils---servir","le-serviteurs","servir","son-serviteur"]·heb["ה-עובדים","העבדתיך","העבדתני","העביד","ו-העבדתיך","ו-יעבידו","ו-עבד","יעבדו-","יעבוד","ל-עבד","מעבידים","עבד","עבדו"]·HI["और-उसने-सेवा-करवाई","और-काम-कराया","और-दास-बनाऊँगा-तुझे","काम-करवाता-है","काम-कराने","गुलाम-बना-रहा-है","थकाया-तूने-मुझे","थकाया-मैंने-तुझे","लगवाया","वे-सेव-करेनगे","सेवा-करेंगे","सेवा-करेंगे-"]·ID["Aku-memperbudak-engkau","Dan-orang-Mesir-mempekerjakan","dan-Aku-akan-membuat-mu-melayani","dan-mewajibkan","engkau-memperbudak-Ku","ia-mempekerjakan","mempekerjakan","memperbudak","memperbudak-","mereka-akan-menjadi-hamba-","mereka-mengabdi","untuk-mempekerjakan","yang-memperhamba"]·IT["e-essi-worked","e-servire","enslaving","essi-will-servire","il-servi","il-suo-servo","servire"]·jav["Ingsun-sampun-ngrèpotaken-panjenengan","Lan-sami-ngawula","badhe-ngabekti","kanggé-ndadosaken-nyèmbah","lan-Kawula-badhé-ndamel-panjenengan-ngladosi","lan-ndadosaken-ngabdi","ndadosaken-nyambut-damel","ngawulakaken","nyambut-damel","panjenengan-sampun-ngrèpotaken-Ingsun","sami-nggunakaken","sami-ngladosi","tiyang-ingkang-ngawulakaken"]·KO["그-부리는-자들의","그들이-섬기는","그리고-그가-서기게-했다","그리고-내가-섬기게-하리라-너를","그리고-부리게-하였다","부리는-자여","섬기리라-","수고하게-했느니라-나를","수고하게-했느니라-너를","일하게-하려고-","일하게-했다","종으로-부리는"]·PT["E-fizeram-servir","e-fazer-te-ei-servir","e-fez-servir","escravizaram-","faz-trabalhar","fazendo-servir","fez-trabalhar","me-fizeste-servir","o-servirão-","os-que-as-escravizavam","para-fazer-trabalhar","servirão","te-fiz-servir"]·RU["И-заставляли-работать","будут-работать-","будут-служить","заставил-служить","заставляет-работать","и-заставлю-служить-тебя","и-побудил","поработали-","порабощает","порабощал-Я-тебя","порабощал-ты-Меня","порабощающих","чтобы-заставлять-работать"]·ES["Y-hicieron-servir","e-hizo-servir","esclavizando","hace-trabajar","han-servido-","hizo-trabajar","le-servirán-","los-que-los-esclavizan","me-hiciste-servir","para-hacer-trabajar","servirán","te-hice-servir","y-te-haré-servir"]·SW["Na-nitakufanya-utumike","Na-wakawafanyisha-kazi","amefanya-kufanya-kazi","anamfanyisha-kazi","inawatumikisha","kukutumikisha","kuwafanyisha-kazi","mtumikia","umenitumikisha","wanaowatumikisha","watalitumikia","watawatumikisha-","wayaּabed"]·TR["Ve-çalıştırdılar","calistirdim-seni","calistirdin-beni","kul-olacaklar","kulluk-etsinler-","köle-eden-lerin","köle-ettiler-","köle-yapan","ve-hizmet-ettirdi","ve-köle-edeceğim-seni","çalıştıran","çalıştırdı","çalıştırmak"]·urd["اور-خدمت-کروائی","اور-غلامی-کراؤں-گا-تجھ-سے","اور-کام-لیا","تُو-نے-بوجھ-لادیا-مجھے","غلام-بناتا-ہے","غلام-بنانے-والوں-کے","غلامی-کروائیں-گی-","غلامی-کریں-گے","میں-نے-بوجھ-لادیا-تجھے","کام-کراتا-ہے","کام-کروانے-کو","کروایا"]
Gen 15:14, Exod 1:13, Exod 6:5, 2 Chr 2:18, 2 Chr 34:33, Isa 43:23, Isa 43:24, Jer 17:4, Jer 22:13, Jer 25:14, Jer 30:8, Ezek 29:18 (+1 more)
7. be tilled, be cultivated (Niphal passive) — Niphal passive of the agricultural sense: land being tilled or cultivated. Arabic passive tuflah and Swahili passive -limwa confirm this as the receptive counterpart to sense 6. Rare (4x), appearing in the law of the unsolved murder where a heifer is taken to untilled ground (Deut 21:4), Qoheleth's observation about land (Eccl 5:9), and Ezekiel's restoration promise that desolate land 'shall be tilled' (Ezek 36:9, 34). 4×
AR["تُفْلَحُ","وَتُفْلَحُونَ","يُحِبُّ","يُفْلَحُ"]·ben["আর-চাষ-হবে","চাষ-করা-হবে","চাষ-হবে","সেবা-করা-হয়"]·DE["[נעבד]","dienen","ist-worked","und-dienen"]·EN["and-you-will-be-tilled","being-cultivated","is-worked","will-be-tilled"]·FR["est-worked","et-servir","servir"]·heb["ו-נעבדתם","ייעבד","נעבד","תיעבד"]·HI["और-तुम-जोती-जाओगी","जोता-जाएगा","जोती-जाएगी","सेवित"]·ID["akan-diolah","dan-kamu-diolah","dilayani","pernah-dikerjakan"]·IT["e-servire","e-worked","servire"]·jav["badé-kagarap","dipundamel","dipunladosi","lan-panjenengan-kagarap"]·KO["경작되리라","그리고-너희가-경작되리라","섹김-받다"]·PT["e-sereis-lavrados","será-lavrada","é-lavrado","é-servido"]·RU["будет-обработана","и-будете-обработаны","обрабатывается","служит."]·ES["es-servido","es-trabajado","será-labrada,","y-seréis-labrados"]·SW["analimwa","italimwa","linafanyiwa-kazi","na-mtalimwa"]·TR["hizmet-edilen","işlenecek","işlenir","ve-işleneceksiniz"]·urd["اور-جوتے-جاؤ-گے","جوتی-جائے-گی","خدمت-کیا-جاتا-ہے","کاشتکاری-ہوتی"]
8. sense 8 — A difficult hapax-like usage in Isa 14:3, where the context speaks of rest from hard service. Spanish se trabajo and English 'was served' suggest a passive or resultative reading — the harsh labor that was imposed. This functions as a summary reference to the enslavement experience, marking the cessation of forced servitude in the taunt against the king of Babylon. 1×
AR["عُبِدْتَ-"]·ben["কাজ-করানো-হয়েছিল"]·DE["diente"]·EN["was-served-"]·FR["serviteur"]·heb["עובד"]·HI["कराई-गई-"]·ID["diperbudakkan-"]·IT["servo"]·jav["dipunpun-kenakaken-"]·KO["섬긴-"]·PT["foste-feito-servir-"]·RU["порабощали-"]·ES["se-trabajó-"]·SW["uliofanyishwa"]·TR["kullanildi-"]·urd["کرائی-گئی"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
עָבַד290 vb. work, serve (Old Aramaic עבד do, make, especially Nab. Palm. (often), Lzb331 f. Cook86, so 𝔗 עֲבַד, Syriac ܥܒܰܕ (very often); but also Old Aramaic Ph. עבד slave, vassal (and in many n.pr.), 𝔗 עַבְדָּא, Syriac ܥܰܒܕܳܐ id.; Assyrian abdu, id. (rare); NH עָבַד serve, perform acts of worship (c. acc. cogn.), and deriv.; Arabic عَبَدَ worship, obey (God); cf. WeSkizzen iii. 165; Heid.…