H5413 H5413
To pour out or be poured out; of metals, to melt or smelt in a furnace; in Hifil, to cause pouring or smelting
A verb of liquid motion and metallurgical transformation that bridges two vivid image-worlds: the pouring out of wrath and the smelting of metals. In its Qal and Nifal stems it describes things being 'poured forth'—Job's groans pour out like water (Job 3:24), divine fury is poured upon Jerusalem (Jer 42:18; 44:6). But in Ezekiel's furnace oracles (22:20–22), the same root describes metals being melted and smelted in judgment. Spanish distinguishes 'derramar' (pour out) from 'fundir' (smelt/melt), making explicit what Hebrew holds in one root. The Hifil causative covers both pouring and smelting as deliberate divine acts.
Senses
1. be poured out (liquid) — The primary Qal and Nifal sense: to be poured out as a liquid. Nearly always figurative, describing divine wrath being poured upon people or places (Jer 42:18; 44:6; 2 Chr 12:7; 34:25), or groans pouring forth like water (Job 3:24). The rain ceasing to 'pour' in Exodus 9:33 is one of the few literal instances. Spanish 'derramar' and French 'verser' point consistently to liquid outpouring, and German renderings often leave the Hebrew untranslated, suggesting the image resists easy equivalence. 13×
AR["انْسَكَبَ", "انْسَكَبَتْ", "فَانْسَكَبَ", "مَسْكُوبَةٌ", "وَ-انْسَكَبَتْ", "وَ-يَنْسَكِبُ", "وَتَنْسَكِبُ", "يَنْسَكِبُ", "يُسكَبُ", "يُسْكَبُ", "يُسْكَبْ"]·ben["এবং-ঢেলে-দিয়েছ", "এবং-ঢেলে-দেওয়া-হল", "এবং-ঢেলে-পড়ছে", "ও-ঢেলে-দেওয়া-হবে", "ঢালা-হবে", "ঢেলে-দেওয়া-হবে", "ঢেলে-দেওয়া-হয়েছে", "ঢেলে-পড়ল-", "পড়ল"]·DE["[ויתכו]", "[ותתך]", "[נתך]", "[נתכה]", "[נתכת]", "[תתך]", "ausgiessen", "goss", "und-ausgiessen"]·EN["and-are-poured-out", "and-was-poured-out", "and-will-be-poured-out", "is-being-poured-out", "is-poured-out", "poured", "shall-be-poured-out", "was-poured-out", "will-be-poured-out"]·FR["[ותתך]", "[נתך]", "[נתכה]", "[נתכת]", "[תתך]", "et-verser", "et-ויתכו", "versa", "verser"]·heb["ו-ניתכו", "ו-נשפכה", "ו-תיתך", "ו-תתך", "ניתך", "ניתכה", "ניתכת", "נתכה", "תיתך", "תתך"]·HI["उंड़ेला-गया", "उंड़ेली-जाएगी", "उंडेला-गया", "उंडेली-जा-रही-है", "उंडेली-जाएगी", "उण्डेला-जाता-है", "और-उंड़ेली-गई", "और-उंडेला-गया", "और-उंडेला-जाएगा", "और-बहती-है", "गिरा"]·ID["Maka-dicurahkan", "akan-dicurahkan", "dan-dicurahkan", "dan-tercurah", "dicurahkan", "dicurahkan-", "maka-dicurahkan"]·IT["[ותתך]", "[נתכה]", "[תתך]", "e-e-sono-poured-fuori", "e-fondere", "e-versare", "fondere", "versare", "versò"]·jav["badhé-dipun-siramaken", "dipun-cesaken", "dipun-siramaken", "dipunsuntakaken", "kaesok", "kasuntakaken", "lan-dipun-cesaken", "lan-dipun-siramaken", "lan-medal", "netes-"]·KO["그리고-부어졌다", "그리고-부어질-것이다", "그리고-부으셨으니", "그리고-쏟아지다", "부어졌다", "부어졌다-", "부어지고-있다", "부어지도다", "부어지리라", "부어질-것이다", "붓다", "쏟아졌다"]·PT["E-derramou-se", "derrama-se", "derramar-se-á", "derramou-se", "e-derramam-se", "e-derramar-se-á", "e-se-derramou", "foi-derramada", "será-derramado", "serão-derramados"]·RU["и-излилась", "и-излилось", "и-изольётся", "и-льются", "изливается", "излилась", "излилась-", "излился", "излита", "изольётся", "лился"]·ES["derramada", "fue-derramada", "fue-derramada-", "se-derramará", "se-derramarán", "se-derramó", "será-derramada", "será-derramado", "y-fue-derramada", "y-se-derraman", "y-se-derramará", "y-se-derramó"]·SW["Na-ikamwagika", "ilipomwagika", "ilivyomwagwa", "inamwagwa", "itamwagika", "itamwagwa", "kumwagwa", "na-kumwagika", "na-ukamimina", "nitּkah", "wtitaּk"]·TR["döküldü", "döküldü-", "dökülecek", "ve-döküldü", "ve-dökülecek", "ve-dökülüyor"]·urd["انڈیلا-جائےگا", "انڈیلا-گیا", "اور-اُنڈیلا-گیا", "اور-بہایا-جائےگا", "اور-بہیں", "اور-ڈالا-گیا", "اُنڈیلا-جاتا-ہے", "اُنڈیلا-گیا", "اُنڈیلی-جائے-گی", "برسا", "برسی", "بہایا-گیا", "ڈالا-جائے-گا"]
Exod 9:33, 2 Sam 21:10, 2 Chr 12:7, 2 Chr 34:21, 2 Chr 34:25, Job 3:24, Jer 7:20, Jer 42:18, Jer 42:18, Jer 44:6, Dan 9:11, Dan 9:27 (+1 more)
2. be melted or smelted — The Nifal and Hofal sense of being melted or smelted, specifically of metals in a furnace. Ezekiel 22:21–22 and 24:11 use this imagery for Israel gathered into Jerusalem as metals into a crucible for purifying judgment. Spanish 'fundir' (to smelt, cast metal) and the shift from 'pouring' to 'melting' vocabulary mark this as a distinct semantic domain—metallurgical processing rather than liquid spillage. 3×
AR["تُذَابُونَ", "فَتُذَابُونَ", "وَيَذُوبَ"]·ben["এবং-গলবে", "এবং-গলবে-তোমরা", "গলবে-তোমরা"]·DE["ausgiessen", "und-ausgiessen"]·EN["and-may-be-melted", "and-you-shall-be-melted", "shall-you-be-melted"]·FR["et-verser", "verser"]·heb["ו-ניתכה", "ו-נתכתם", "תותכו"]·HI["और-पिघलोगे-तुम", "पिघलोगे-तुम"]·ID["dan-kamu-akan-dilebur", "dan-meleburlah", "kamu-akan-dilebur"]·IT["e-versare", "versare"]·jav["lan-dipun-lebur", "lan-panjenengan-badhe-kalebur", "panjenengan-badhe-kalebur"]·KO["그리고-녹게-하여라", "그리고-녹으리라", "녹으리라"]·PT["e-derreta-se", "e-sereis-derretidos", "sereis-derretidos"]·RU["Моей", "и-обожглась", "расплавитесь"]·ES["seréis-fundidos", "y-se-derrita", "y-seréis-fundidos"]·SW["mtayeyushwa", "na-iyeyuke", "na-mtayeyushwa"]·TR["eritileceksiniz", "ve-eritileceksiniz", "ve-eritilsin"]·urd["اور-پگھل-جائے", "اور-پگھلو-گے", "پگھلو-گے"]
3. cause to melt or smelt — The Hifil causative sense applied to smelting: to melt or smelt metals actively. In Ezekiel 22:20 God declares 'I will gather you and smelt you,' and 2 Kings 22:9 reports temple silver being 'poured out' (i.e., melted down and disbursed). Spanish 'fundir' again appears here, alongside 'para fundir' (in order to smelt), confirming that the Hifil agent deliberately initiates the metallurgical transformation. 3×
AR["سَبَكَ", "لِيُذِيبَ", "وَأُذِيبُكُمْ"]·ben["এবং-গলাব-আমি", "গলাতে", "গলিয়েছে"]·DE["ausgiessen", "goss-heraus", "und-ausgiessen"]·EN["and-I-will-melt", "poured-out", "to-melt"]·FR["et-verser", "versa-dehors", "verser"]·heb["התיכו", "ו-התכתי", "ל-התיך"]·HI["और-पिघलाऊँगा-मैं", "पिघलाने", "पिघलाया"]·ID["dan-Aku-akan-meleburkan", "telah-mencairkan", "untuk-meleburkan"]·IT["e-versare", "versare", "versò-fuori"]·jav["lan-Kawula-badhe-nglebur", "piyambakipun-sami-nglelebur", "supados-nglebur"]·KO["그리고-녹이리라", "녹였습니다", "녹이기-위한"]·PT["Derramaram", "e-derreterei", "para-derreter"]·RU["выплавили", "и-положу", "так"]·ES["Fundieron", "para-fundir", "y-os-fundiré"]·SW["kuyeyusha", "na-nitawayeyusha", "wameyeyusha"]·TR["döktüler", "eritmek-için", "ve-eriteceğim"]·urd["اور-پگھلاؤں-گا", "پغلایا-ہے", "پگھلانے-کو"]
4. pour out (causative) — The Hifil causative sense applied to pouring: to pour out actively, as distinct from the smelting sense. Job 10:10 uses the striking image 'Did you not pour me out like milk?'—God as artisan pouring out human life. In 2 Chronicles 34:17 temple money is 'poured out' (disbursed). Spanish 'derramar' reappears here rather than 'fundir,' and French 'verser' (pour) confirms the liquid-pouring rather than metallurgical reading of the same Hifil stem. 2×
AR["تَسْكُبُني", "وَ-أَفْرَغُوا"]·ben["আমাকে-ঢেলেছেন", "ও-তারা-গলিয়েছে"]·DE["[תתיכני]", "und-ausgiessen"]·EN["You-pour-me-out", "and-they-poured-out"]·FR["[ויתיכו]", "תתיכני-moi"]·heb["ו-יתיכו", "תתיכני"]·HI["और-उन्होंने-पिघलाया", "तूने-मुझे-उंडेला"]·ID["Engkau-menuangkanku", "dan-mencurahkan"]·IT["You-pour-me-out-mio", "[ויתיכו]"]·jav["Panjenengan-ngewutaken-kawula", "lan-sami-nyuntak"]·KO["그리고-그들이-부었다", "당신이-나를-부으셨고"]·PT["E-derramaram", "me-derramaste"]·RU["и-высыпали", "излил-Ты-меня"]·ES["me-derramaste,", "y-fundieron"]·SW["ulinimimina", "wayaּtiּykwּ"]·TR["Ve-döktüler", "dökersin-beni"]·urd["اور-پگھلایا", "بہایا-ہے-تُو-نے-مجھے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [נָתַךְ] vb. pour forth (intrans.), be poured out (NH id., Niph. flow, Hiph. melt (trans.); Assyrian natâku, flow DlHWB 487 Jäger BAS ii. 292; 𝔗 Aph. pour out, especially melt; Zinj. ליתכה (Haph.) Nö ZMG xlvii (1893), 98 Cook 83; Syriac ܢܬܰܟ (rare) PS 2480);— Qal Impf. 3 fs. תִּתַּךְ Je 42:18 + 3 times, וַתִּתַּךְ Je 44:6 Dn 9:11; 3 mpl. וַיִּתְּכוּ Jb 3:24;—pour forth, always fig., וַיִּתּ׳…