H5324 H5324
To stand, station oneself, take one's stand (Nifal); to set up, erect, establish (Hifil); as participle, an officer or governor.
Natsab captures the full spectrum of standing — from the simple physical posture of being upright, through the deliberate act of erecting a pillar or monument, to the administrative sense of a stationed official. Jacob sees a ladder 'set up' on earth with its top reaching heaven (Gen 28:12), three men 'stand' before Abraham at Mamre (Gen 18:2), and Solomon's governors are 'stationed' over the districts of Israel (1 Kgs 4:7). The Semitic cognates illuminate the word's ancient material culture: Arabic naṣaba means 'to erect' a tent pole, waymark, or memorial stele, and Phoenician nṣb appears on monuments with exactly this 'set up' meaning. From physical uprightness comes metaphorical firmness — what is 'set up' is also 'established' and endures.
5. Hifil: establish, make firm — Hifil abstract-causative: to establish or make firm — 2 occurrences where the erecting is figurative rather than physical. David goes to 'establish' his monument at the Euphrates (1 Chr 18:3), and God 'will establish' the boundary of the widow (Prov 15:25). Arabic yuthabbitu ('make firm, consolidate') captures the metaphorical firmness that distinguishes this from the concrete pillar-erecting of sense 2. The shift from setting up a physical object to confirming an abstract boundary or claim marks this as a genuine semantic extension. 2×
AR["لِ-يُثَبِّتَ","وَ-يُثَبِّتُ"]·ben["এবং-স্থাপন-করেন","ফিরিয়ে-আনতে"]·DE["[להציב]","und-aufgestellt"]·EN["but-He-will-establish","to-establish"]·FR["[להציב]","et-ויצב"]·heb["ו-יצב","ל-הציב"]·HI["और-स्थिर-करेगा","स्थापित-करने"]·ID["tetapi-Dia-menegakkan","untuk-menegakkan"]·IT["[להציב]","e-ma-Egli-will-establish"]·jav["kanggé-netepaken","lan-netepaken"]·KO["그러나-세우시느니라-그-가","세우러"]·PT["e-estabelece","para-estabelecer"]·RU["а-утвердит","чтобы-утвердить"]·ES["para-establecer","y-establecerá"]·SW["kusimamisha","lakini-ataweka"]·TR["kurmak-için","ve-sağlamlaştırır"]·urd["اور-قائم-کرے-گا","قائم-کرنے-کے-لیے"]
▼ 5 more senses below
Senses
1. Nifal: stand, be standing — Nifal intransitive: to stand, be standing, station oneself — the dominant sense at 42 occurrences. Covers physical posture in narrative: three men stand before Abraham (Gen 18:2), Rebekah stands by the spring (Gen 24:43), Joseph's sheaf stands upright in his dream (Gen 37:7), and the LORD stands above the ladder at Bethel (Gen 28:13). Spanish de pie and German standen both map to simple standing posture. The Nifal here functions as a true middle voice — the subject places himself in an upright position. 42×
AR["الْوَاقِفُ","الْوَاقِفِ","قَائِمٌ","واقِفونَ","واقِفَةٌ","وَاقِفًا","وَاقِفٌ","وَاقِفُونَ"]·ben["দাঁড়ানো","দাঁড়িয়ে","দাঁড়িয়ে-আছি","দাঁড়িয়ে-আছে","দাঁড়িয়ে-আছেন","দাঁড়িয়ে-ছিল","দাঁড়িয়ে-থাকব","সেই-দাঁড়ানো"]·DE["aufgestellt","stand","standen","stehe","stehend","steht","waren-stehend"]·EN["am-standing","standing","stands","the-one-standing","were-standing"]·FR["debout","furent-debout","le-un-debout","se-tenant-debout","se-tenir","suis-debout"]·heb["ה-ניצב","ניצב","ניצבה","ניצבים","נצב","נצבים"]·HI["खड़ा","खड़ा-था","खड़ा-हुआ","खड़ा-हूँ","खड़ा-हूं","खड़ा-है","खड़ी-है","खड़े","खड़े-थे","खड़े-हैं","खद-थ","खदे-थे","खधे-थे","नियुक्त"]·ID["berdiri","yang-ditempatkan"]·IT["am-stando","erano-stando","il-uno-stando","si-fermo'","stando","stando-in-piedi"]·jav["jumeneng","kang-ngadeg","ngadeg"]·KO["그-감독하는-자가","서-계셨다","서-있는","서-있다","서-있었다","서도다","서리라","서시도다","선"]·PT["de-pé","estando","estava","está","está-de-pé","o-que-estava","postado","posto"]·RU["поставленному","поставленный","стоит","стоишь","стою","стоят","стоящего","стоящие","стоящий"]·ES["de-pie","el-puesto","estaba-de-pie","estaban-de-pie","estando-de-pie","está","parado","parados","se-para"]·SW["alisimama","aliyekuwa-amesimama","amesimama","anasimama","nimesimama","nitasimama","umesimama","walisimama","wamesimama"]·TR["-dikilen","duracağım","duran","duranlar","durdu","durmaktaydı","durmaktaydılar","duruyor","duruyordu","duruyordun"]·urd["کھڑا-تھا","کھڑا-ہوا","کھڑا-ہوں","کھڑا-ہوں-گا","کھڑا-ہے","کھڑی-ہے","کھڑے","کھڑے-تھے"]
2. Hifil: set up, erect, station — Hifil causative: to set up, erect, or station someone or something in place — 19 occurrences focused on deliberate establishment of physical objects or persons. Abraham sets up the seven ewe lambs (Gen 21:28), Jacob erects a pillar (Gen 35:14, 35:20), and Samuel stations the people before the LORD (1 Sam 10:19). Arabic naṣaba ('erect a tent pole or marker') and French dresser ('raise upright') both capture the vertical causative action. The Phoenician cognate on memorial inscriptions confirms the ancient Near Eastern cultural resonance of 'setting up' sacred stones. 19×
AR["أَقَمْتَ","أَقَمْتَهُنَّ","اِنْصِبِي","نَاصِبٌ","نَصَبَ","نَصَبُوا","وَ-أَقاموا","وَ-أَقامَ","وَ-أَقامَ-","وَ-أَقَامَ","وَ-لِـ-إِصْلاحِ","وَأَقَامَ-","وَأَقَامَنِي","وَأَقَامُوا","وَأَقَمْتَني","يُقيمُ"]·ben["আর-ঠিক-করতে","আর-স্থাপন-করল","আলাদা-রেখেছ","এবং-তিনি-খাড়া-করেছিলেন-","এবং-স্থাপন-করল","এবং-স্থাপন-করলেন","এবং-স্থাপন-করলেন-আমাকে","এবং-স্থাপন-করেছিলেন-","ও-স্থাপন-করলেন","ও-স্থাপন-করেছ-আমাকে","সে-স্থাপন-করল","স্থাপন-কর","স্থাপন-করছেন","স্থাপন-করবে","স্থাপন-করেছিলে","স্থাপন-করেছে","স্থির-করলেন"]·DE["[הציבו]","[הציבי]","du-aufgestellt-hast","er-setzen","er-setzte-hinauf","er-soll-setzen-hinauf","haben-setzen","setting-hinauf","und-aufgestellt","und-er-gemacht-stehen","und-errichtete","und-errichtete-","und-setzen-mich","und-setzte-hinauf","und-sie-setzte-hinauf","und-stellte-auf","und-zu-setzte"]·EN["and-he-made-stand","and-he-set-up-","and-set","and-set-me","and-set-me-up","and-set-up","and-they-set-up","and-to-set","have-set","he-set","he-set-up","he-shall-set-up","set-up","setting-up","they-have-set","you-have-set"]·FR["dresser","et-dresser","et-il-placer-en-haut-","et-ils-plaça-en-haut","et-placer","et-placer-en-haut","et-plaça-en-haut","et-se-tenir","et-à-plaça","il-devra-placer-en-haut","il-placer","il-plaça-en-haut","le-se-tenir","plaçant-en-haut","tu-avoir-placer"]·heb["היצבת","הצבת","הציב","הציבו","הציבי","ו-הציבו","ו-יצב","ו-יצב-","ו-יציבו","ו-יציבני","ו-ל-הציב","ו-תציב-אותי","יצב","יציב","מציב"]·HI["उन्होंने-बिछाया-है","उस्ने-खर-किय","और-खड़ा-करने-को","और-खड़ा-किया","और-खड़ा-किया-था","और-खड़ा-किया-मुझे","और-खड़ी-की","और-खड़े-किए","और-खड़े-किए-","और-मुझे-खड़ा-कर-दिया","और-रखा","खड़ा-करेगा","खड़ी-कर","खड़े-किए","ठहराया","तूने-रखे-हैं"]·ID["Dan-ia-mendirikan","Dan-mendirikan","Dan-mereka-mendirikan","dan-Ia-menempatkan-aku","dan-mendirikan-","dan-menempatkan","dan-mereka-mendirikan","dan-untuk-memasang","dia-mendirikan","engkau-tempatkan","ia-mendirikan","mendirikan","menetapkan","mereka-memasang","tegakkanlah"]·IT["e-a-pose","e-egli-pose-su-","e-essi-pose-su","e-pose","e-pose-su","e-si-fermo'","e-stare-ritto","egli-dovere-porre-su","egli-porre","egli-pose-su","setting-su","si-fermo'","stare-ritto","tu-avere-pose"]·jav["Lan-Yakub-ngadegaken","Lan-nata","Lan-piyambakipun-ngadegaken-","Panjenengan-sampun-netepaken","badhe-masang","lan-Panjenengan-ndadosaken-kawula-jumeneng","lan-Panjenengan-negakaken-kula","lan-kangge-madosi","lan-ngadegaken","lan-ngedegaken","masang","netepaken","ngadegaken","panjenengan-tata","piyambakipun-masang","saha-Panjenengan-sampun-ndadosaken-"]·KO["그들이-세웠다","그리고-그-가-세웠네-나-를","그리고-세우려고","그리고-세우셨도다-나-를","그리고-세웠다","그리고-세웠다-","놓았다","세우는","세우라","세우리라","세우셨나이다","세우셨다","세운","세웠다"]·PT["E-colocou","E-ergueram","E-ergueu","Levanta","colocaste","e-colocou-me","e-ergueram","e-ergueu","e-fez-parar","e-fizeste-me-ficar","e-para-fixar","erguendo","erguerá","estabeleceste","fixou","levantou","põem"]·RU["И-поставил","Установи","и-за-заправку","и-насыпали","и-поставил","и-поставил-","и-поставил-меня","и-поставили","поставил","поставили","поставит","ставит","установил","установил-Ты"]·ES["Y-erigió","Y-levantaron","Y-puso","colocó","erige","estableció","fijaste","levantando","pondrá","ponen","pusiste","y-detuvo-","y-erigieron","y-erigió","y-me-pusiste","y-me-puso","y-para-enderezar"]·SW["Jisimamishe","akajengea","akiweka","alisimamisha","aliweka","atasimamisha","na-akajisimamishia","na-akameka","na-akasimamisha","na-kuniweka","na-kusimika","na-umenisimamisha","na-wakasimika","na-wakaweka","umemeka","umeweka","wameweka"]·TR["Ve-dikti","belirledi","belirledin","dik","dikecek","dikti","diktin","kapılarını-dikti","koydular","ve-dik-tuttu","ve-dikti-","ve-dikti-beni","ve-diktiler","ve-düzeltmek-için","ve-koydun-beni"]·urd["الگ-کیا-ہے-تُو-نے","اور-الگ-کیا","اور-قائم-کیا-مجھے","اور-لگانے-کے-لیے","اور-کھڑا-کیا","اور-کھڑا-کیا-تھا","اور-کھڑا-کیا-مجھے","اور-کھڑے-کیے","اُس-نے-لگائے","بچھاتے-ہیں","تُو-نے-مقرر-کیا","مقرر-کیا","کھڑا-کر","کھڑا-کر-رہا-ہے","کھڑے-کرے-گا"]
Gen 21:28, Gen 21:29, Gen 33:20, Gen 35:14, Gen 35:20, Deut 32:8, Josh 6:26, 1 Sam 13:21, 1 Sam 15:12, 2 Sam 18:17, 2 Sam 18:18, 1 Kgs 16:34 (+7 more)
3. Nifal: officer, overseer, governor — Nifal participle lexicalized as a noun: an officer, overseer, or stationed governor — 8 occurrences, all in administrative contexts. Solomon's nitstsavim govern the twelve districts of Israel (1 Kgs 4:7, 4:27), supply provisions for the royal table (1 Kgs 4:5), and oversee forced labor (1 Kgs 5:16). The metaphorical path from 'one who stands/is stationed' to 'an official with a post' is transparent. Arabic wakīl ('deputy, agent') and German Statthalter ('governor') both select administrative vocabulary, confirming this is a fully substantivized sense, not just a participle in context. 8×
AR["الـ-مُوَكَّلِينَ","الـ-نُّصَّابِ","المُوَكَّلينَ","الْوُكَلاَءُ","الْوُكَلاَءِ","مُنْتَصِبٌ","نائِبٌ","وَكِيلاً"]·ben["-উপরে","-নিযুক্তদের","অধ্যক্ষদের","তত্ত্বাবধায়কদের","তাঁর-ছিল","দাঁড়ানো","নিযুক্ত","সংস্থাপকদের"]·DE["Statthalter","[הנצבים]","der-Statthalter","der-officers","stationed"]·EN["governors","stationed","the-governors","the-officers","the-overseers"]·FR["[הנצבים]","gouverneurs","le-gouverneurs","le-officers","stationed"]·heb["ה-(הנצבים)","ה-ניצבים","הַ-נִּצָּבִים","ניצב","ניצבים"]·HI["अधिकारियों-के","अधीक्षक","अधीक्षकों","खड़ा-था","नियुक्त"]·ID["bupati","mandor","memimpin","para-mandor","para-pengawas","pengawas"]·IT["[הנצבים]","governatori","il-governatori","il-ufficiali","stazionò"]·jav["dipunèdhègaken","kapasang","mandhor","para-penjabat","para-wakil","wakil"]·KO["감독관들이","그-감독관들","그-감독관들의","그-감독관들이","그-세워진-자들의","그-파송된자들-의","세운"]·PT["colocado","oficiais","os-oficiais","os-superintendentes","posto"]·RU["наместник","поставленный","поставленных","приставников","ставленниками","ставленники","ставленников"]·ES["gobernadores","los-gobernadores","los-oficiales","puesto"]·SW["akisimamia","juu-ya","naibu","wasimamizi"]·TR["(görevliler)","atanmış","dikilen","memurların","vali","valiler","valilerin"]·urd["(ناظموں-کے)","-کے-نگران","قائم","مقرّر","مقرّروں","کھڑا"]
4. Hofal: be set up, be decreed — Hofal passive: to be set up, erected, or decreed — 3 occurrences where something has been established by an outside agent. Jacob's ladder is 'set up' reaching heaven (Gen 28:12), the pillar 'set up' at the Millo coronation of Abimelech (Judg 9:6), and Nineveh's decree is 'established' (Nah 2:7). Spanish puesta ('placed') and French dressa (passive) confirm the passive reading. The Hofal links the concrete 'erected' (a ladder, a pillar) to the abstract 'decreed' (a royal pronouncement), showing how physical establishment metaphorically grounds institutional authority. 3×
AR["الـ-نَّصْب","مَنْصُوبَةٌ","وَأُقِيمَتْ"]·ben["এবং-সে-স্থির-হয়েছে","স্তম্ভের","স্থাপিত"]·DE["Saeule","aufgestellt","und-aufgestellt"]·EN["and-it-is-decreed","pillar","set-up"]·FR["colonne","dressa","et-dresser"]·heb["ו-הוצב","מוצב","מצב"]·HI["और-स्थिर-किया-गया","खड़ी","खड़े"]·ID["Dan-diputuskan:","berdiri","tiang"]·IT["colonna","e-stare-in-piedi","pose-su"]·jav["Lan-katetepaken","madeg","tugu"]·KO["그리고-정해졌도다","기둥","세워진"]·PT["colocada","e-está-decretado","pilar"]·RU["и-установлено","поставленная","столба"]·ES["Y-ella-puesta","pilar","puesta"]·SW["Na-imeamriwa","imekutana-sehemu-nne","nguzo"]·TR["Ve-belirlendi","dikilmis","dikilmiş"]·urd["اور-مقرّر-ہے","ستون-کے","کھڑی"]
6. sense 6 — A single Nifal occurrence at Ps 119:89 where the sense is 'be established, stand firm' applied to God's word in the heavens — 'Forever, O LORD, your word is established in heaven.' Spanish está firme ('stands firm') and German ist gegründet ('is founded') both select permanence and cosmic stability vocabulary. This may represent either an extension of sense 1 (standing in cosmic space) or a stative variant of sense 5 (being established), but its unique theological register — the eternal fixedness of divine speech — warrants noting as a distinct attestation. 1×
AR["ثَابِتَةٌ"]·ben["স্থির"]·DE["ist-gegründet"]·EN["is-established"]·FR["se-tenir"]·heb["ניצב"]·ID["tegak"]·IT["si-fermo'"]·jav["ngadeg"]·KO["세워졌나이다"]·PT["está-firme"]·RU["утверждено"]·ES["está-firme"]·SW["limesimama"]·TR["duruyor"]·urd["قائم"]
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [נָצַב] vb.Niph. take one’s stand, stand (NH נִצָּב id. (rare), הַצָּבָה n. taking a stand; Ph. (Pun.) נצב, מנצבת, מצבת monument Lzb 325; Nab. Palm. נצב set up; Zinj. id., statue, all Lzb 325 Cook 82; Palm. מצבא image, Nab. נצב id., DHMVOJ viii (1984), 12, cf. Lzb l.c.; perhaps Assyrian naṣâbu TelAm., Wkl TA 24b; Aramaic נְצַב, ܢܨܰܒ Arabic نَصَبَ set up, erect, نَصْبٌ sign, mark, way-mark; Sab.…