H4419 H4419
mariners, sailors
Seamen who operate ships, an Assyrian loan-word reflecting international maritime vocabulary. The term appears in Jonah's story of the storm at sea (Jonah 1:5) and extensively in Ezekiel's lament over Tyre (Ezekiel 27:9, 27, 29), where mariners are listed alongside pilots and caulkers as essential maritime professionals. Tyre's downfall affects not just the city but the entire seafaring economy dependent on its trade networks. The loan-word suggests the technical, specialized nature of maritime work.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Professional sailors or mariners, those who work aboard ships. The contexts emphasize their expertise and their vulnerability to maritime disasters—whether the storm that terrified Jonah's shipmates or the economic catastrophe of Tyre's fall. The multilingual glosses ('sailors,' 'mariners,' 'marineros') consistently identify the occupational group. The term's borrowed status (from Assyrian malaḫu) reflects the international character of ancient Mediterranean seafaring. 4×
AR["الْمَلَّاحُونَ", "مَلَّاحُوكِ", "وَمَلَّاحُوهَا"]·ben["আর-তাদের-মাঝিরা", "তোমার-মাঝিরা", "নাবিকরা", "মাঝিরা"]·DE["[ומלחיהם]", "[מלחיך]", "[מלחים]", "die-Seeleute"]·EN["and-their-sailors", "sailors", "the-sailors", "your-sailors"]·FR["[ומלחיהם]", "[מלחיך]", "[מלחים]", "les-marins"]·heb["ה-מלחים", "ו-מלחיהם", "מלחייך", "מלחים"]·HI["और-नाविकों-उनके", "नाविक", "नाविक-तेरे", "मल्लाह"]·ID["awak-kapal,", "awak-kapalmu,", "dan-awak-kapalnya", "para-pelaut,"]·IT["[המלחים]", "[ומלחיהם]", "[מלחיך]", "[מלחים]"]·jav["juru-layar-panjenengan", "lan-juru-layaripun-sedaya", "para-juru-layar"]·KO["그-선원들-이", "그리고-선원들이-그들의", "선원들이", "선원들이-너의"]·PT["e-seus-marinheiros", "marinheiros", "os-marinheiros", "teus-marinheiros"]·RU["и-моряки-их", "моряки", "моряки-твои"]·ES["los-marineros", "marineros", "tus-marineros", "y-sus-marineros"]·SW["mabaharia", "mabaharia-wako", "na-mabaharia-wake"]·TR["gemiciler-o", "tayfalar", "tayfaların", "ve-tayfaları"]·urd["اور-ملاح-اُن-کے", "ملاح", "ملاح-تیرے", "ملّاح"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [מַלָּח] n.m. mariner (loan-word from Assyrian malaḫu DlHWB 412 cf. Id.Prol. 178; HalZA iv. 1889, 53; so also Aramaic ܡܰܠܳܚܳܐ (v. Brock), whence Arabic مَلَّاحٌ Frä221);—pl. מַלָּחִים Jon 1:5 Ez 27:29; מַלָּחַיִךְ Ez 27:27; מַלָּחֵיהֶם v 9 (BaNB 49 Anm. 3);—mariners, sailors of ship going to Tarshish Jon 1:5 (cf. רַב הַחֹבֵל v 6); to Tyre Ez 27:9, cf. v 27:29 (‖ חֹבְלִים).