H3802 H3802
Shoulder (body part); side or slope of a geographical feature or structure; shoulder-piece of the priestly ephod.
A versatile anatomical term that extends naturally into geography and textile craft. As a body part, it refers to the shoulder proper, the area where burdens are carried: Samson hoists the Gaza gates onto his shoulders (Judg 16:3), and the Levites bear the ark on theirs (Num 7:9; 1 Chr 15:15). By metaphorical extension, the 'shoulder' of a hill means its slope or flank, and the 'shoulder' of a city gate or building means its side wall. This geographic sense dominates in boundary descriptions (Josh 15:8-11; 18:12-19). In priestly garment instructions, the word becomes a technical textile term for the shoulder-pieces of the ephod that hold the garment together and bear the onyx stones engraved with Israel's tribal names (Exod 28:7-12).
Senses
1. side, slope, flank — The side, slope, or flank of a geographical feature, city, or structure. The body-part metaphor maps onto terrain: the 'shoulder' of a hill is its slope, and the 'shoulder' of a gate or wall is its lateral face. Spanish 'ladera' (hillside) and French 'pente' (slope) capture the topographic meaning, while 'côté' (side) covers architectural contexts. This sense dominates in Joshua's boundary lists (Josh 15:8, 10-11; 18:12-19) and in tabernacle construction descriptions (Exod 27:14-15; 38:14-15). 34×
AR["الْ-كَتِفِ", "الْجَانِبِ", "جَانِبِ", "كَتِفِ"]·ben["-পাশ", "কাঁধ", "কাঁধের", "ঢাল", "পাশ", "পাশে"]·DE["Abhang-von", "Schulter", "Schulter-von", "Seite-von"]·EN["shoulder-of", "side-of", "slope-of", "the-side"]·FR["côté-de", "pente-de", "shoulder-de", "slope-de", "épaule", "épaule-de"]·heb["ה-כתף", "כתף"]·HI["कंधे", "कन्धे", "ढलान", "बगल", "बाजू"]·ID["-sudut", "lereng", "samping", "samping-itu", "sisi"]·IT["lato-di", "pendio-di", "slope-di", "spalla", "spalla-di"]·jav["bau", "gigir", "leréng", "pinggir", "sisih", "sisih-ing", "sisih-ning", "sisih-punika"]·KO["그-어깨", "그-어깨의", "모서리까지", "어깨", "어깨-", "어깨의"]·PT["encosta-de", "lado-de", "o-lado", "ombro-de"]·RU["бока", "плеча", "плече", "склону", "стороне"]·ES["el-lado", "la-ladera-de", "ladera-de", "lado-de"]·SW["bega", "bega-la", "kutoka-kuume", "na-bahari", "ubavu", "ubavu-wa", "upande-wa", "wa-kuume"]·TR["omuzu", "omzuna", "yamacına", "yanına", "yanında", "yanından", "yanının"]·urd["پہلو", "ڈھلان", "کنارہ", "کنارے", "کندھے"]
Exod 27:14, Exod 27:15, Exod 38:14, Exod 38:15, Num 34:11, Josh 15:8, Josh 15:10, Josh 15:11, Josh 18:12, Josh 18:13, Josh 18:16, Josh 18:18 (+22 more)
2. shoulder (body part) — The physical shoulder of a person or animal, the body part between neck and upper arm used for bearing loads. Goliath carries a bronze javelin between his shoulders (1 Sam 17:6), the Levites carry the ark on their shoulders (1 Chr 15:15), and God dwells 'between the shoulders' of Benjamin (Deut 33:12). Zechariah 7:11 uses the vivid image of a stubborn shoulder turned away from God's instruction. Spanish 'hombro' and German 'Schulter' consistently render this anatomical sense. 21×
AR["الْكَتِفِ", "بِ-أَكْتَافِهِمْ", "بِ-الْـكَتِفِ", "عَلَى-الْكَتِفِ", "عَلَى-كَتِفِ", "كَتِفًا", "كَتِفٍ", "كَتِفَيهِ", "كَتِفَيْهِ", "كَتِفِي", "وَبِالْكَتِفِ", "وَكَتِفًا"]·ben["-উপরে", "-কাঁধে", "আমার-কাঁধ", "আর-কাঁধে", "এবং-কাঁধ", "কাঁধ", "কাঁধে", "কাঁধের", "তার-কাঁধগুলিতে", "তার-কাঁধের"]·DE["Schulter", "[בכתף]", "[כתף]", "[כתפי]", "auf-der-Schulter", "sein-shoulders", "shoulders-sein", "und-Schulter"]·EN["a-shoulder", "and-shoulder", "and-with-shoulder", "his-shoulders", "let-my-shoulder", "on-shoulder-of", "on-the-shoulder", "on-their-shoulder", "shoulder", "shoulders-his", "the-shoulder"]·FR["[בכתף]", "[בכתפם]", "[כתף]", "et-épaule", "mon-כתפי-moi", "shoulders-son", "son-shoulders", "son-épaules", "sur-le-épaule", "épaule"]·heb["ב-ה-בכתף", "ב-ה-כתף", "ב-כתף", "ב-כתפם-ם", "ו-ב-כתף", "ו-כתף", "כתיפיו", "כתף", "כתפי", "כתפי-ו", "כתפיו"]·HI["अपना-कंधा", "अपने-कंधों", "अपने-कन्धों", "उनके-कंधों-पर", "उसके-कंधों", "उस्के-कनधोम-के", "कंधा", "कंधा-मेरा", "कंधे", "कंधे-को", "कंधे-पर", "पर-कंधे-", "में-पख"]·ID["Biarlah bahuku", "bahu", "bahu;", "bahunya", "dan-bahu", "dan-dengan-bahu", "dengan-bahu", "di-bahu", "di-bahu-mereka", "ke-lereng", "pundaknya"]·IT["[בכתף]", "[בכתפם]", "[כתף]", "e-spalla", "in-spalla", "shoulders-suo", "spalla", "spalla-mio", "su-il-spalla", "suo-shoulders", "suo-spalle"]·jav["Mugi-pundhak-kula", "ing-pundhak", "ing-pundhak-ipun", "lan-ing-pundak", "lan-pundhak", "pundak-ipun", "pundhak", "pundhak-pundhakipun", "wonten-ing-pundak", "wonten-ing-pundhak"]·KO["그-어깨들에", "그리고-어깨를", "그리고-에-어깨로", "그의-어깨", "그의-어깨들", "나의-어깨가", "어깨", "어깨-위에", "어깨가-", "어깨를", "어깨에", "어깨에-", "에-그-어깨", "에-어깨들-그들-의"]·PT["Meu-ombro", "e-com-ombro", "e-ombro", "no-ombro", "ombro", "ombros-dele", "seus-ombros", "sobre-ombro", "sobre-ombro-de", "sobre-seus-ombros"]·RU["и-плечо", "и-плечом", "на-плече", "на-плечо", "плеч-его", "плечами-его", "плечами-их", "плечах-своих", "плече", "плечи-свои", "плечо", "плечо-моё"]·ES["Mi-hombro", "con-hombros-suyos", "el-hombro", "en-el-hombro", "hombro", "hombros-suyos", "sobre-el-hombro", "sobre-hombro-de", "sus-hombros", "y-con-hombro", "y-hombro"]·SW["baּkaּtep", "bega", "bega-langu", "juu-ya-mabega", "kwa-bega", "kwa-mabega-yao", "mabega", "mabega-yake", "na-bega", "na-kwa-bega"]·TR["Omzum", "omuz", "omuzda", "omuzlarına", "omuzlarında-onların", "omuzlarının", "omuzu", "omuzun", "omuzuna", "ve-küreği", "ve-omuzla", "çıkardım"]·urd["اس-کے-کندھوں-کے", "اور-کندھا", "اور-کندھے-سے", "اُس-کے-کندھوں-کے۔", "اپنے-کندھوں", "اپنے-کندھوں-پر", "میرا کندھا", "کندھا", "کندھوں", "کندھے", "کندھے-پر"]
Exod 28:12, Num 7:9, Deut 33:12, Judg 16:3, 1 Sam 17:6, 1 Chr 15:15, 2 Chr 35:3, Neh 9:29, Job 31:22, Isa 11:14, Isa 30:6, Isa 46:7 (+9 more)
3. shoulder-piece, support strap — The shoulder-pieces or supporting straps of the priestly ephod, a technical garment-construction term. These structural components rest on the high priest's shoulders and join the front and back panels of the ephod, bearing the onyx memorial stones engraved with the names of Israel's twelve tribes (Exod 28:7, 12, 25, 27; 39:4, 7, 18, 20). Spanish 'hombreras' (shoulder pads/straps) precisely captures this specialized textile meaning, distinct from both the anatomical and geographical senses. 12×
AR["أَكْتَافٌ", "أَكْتَافٍ", "أَكْتَافُهَا", "الـ-أَكْتَافُ", "رابِطَتانِ", "كَتِفَي", "كَتِفَيْ", "كَتِفَيْنِ"]·ben["-কাঁধগুলি", "কাঁধ", "কাঁধ-প্রদেশ", "কাঁধ-প্রদেশগুলিতে", "কাঁধের-পটি", "কাঁধের-পটিগুলো", "তার-কাঁধ"]·DE["der-supports", "sein-supports", "shoulder-pieces", "shoulder-pieces-von", "supports"]·EN["its-supports", "shoulder-pieces", "shoulder-pieces-of", "supports", "the-supports"]·FR["le-supports", "son-supports", "supports", "épaule-pièces", "épaule-pièces-de"]·heb["ה-כתפות", "כתפות", "כתפי-ה"]·HI["कन्धे", "कन्धे-उसके", "कन्धे-के-टुकड़े", "कन्धों", "टुकड़े", "टुकड़ों"]·ID["Tutup-tutup-bahu", "sudut-sudut", "sudut-sudutnya", "tutup-bahu", "tutup-tutup-bahu"]·IT["il-sostegni", "shoulder-pieces", "shoulder-pieces-di", "sostegni", "suo-sostegni"]·jav["Panggendhongan", "panggendhongan", "pundak", "pundak-pundak"]·KO["그것의-어깨들이었다", "어깨-받침들", "어깨-받침들을", "어깨-조각들에", "어깨-조각들이", "어깨들은", "어깨들이"]·PT["ombreiras", "ombreiras-de", "os-suportes", "suportes", "suportes-seus"]·RU["наплечника", "наплечниках", "наплечники", "подставки", "подставки-её"]·ES["hombreras", "hombreras-de", "los-soportes", "soportes", "soportes-de-ella"]·SW["kwake", "mabega", "mabega-ya", "manne", "vipande-vya-bega", "vitegemeo-vyake", "vya-bega", "yaliyoyeyushwa"]·TR["omuzlar", "omuzları", "omuzluklar", "omuzluklarının"]·urd["پٹیاں", "پٹیوں", "کندھوں", "کندھیاں", "کندھے", "کندھے اُس کے", "کندھے-"]
Related Senses
H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† כָּתֵף n.f. Ex 27:15 shoulder, shoulder-blade, side (NH id.; Aramaic כַּתְפָּא, ܟܰܬܦܳܐ; Arabic كَتِفٌ );—abs. כ׳ Zc 7:11 +; cstr. כֶּ֫תֶף 1 K 6:8 +, app. כָּתֵף Is 11:14 (but regard as appos., or read כֶּתֶף); sf. כְּתֵפִי Jb 31:22; כְּתֵפָם 1 Ch 15:15; pl. abs. כְּתֵפֹת Ex 28:7 +, כְּתֵפוֹת 1 K 7:30, 34; cstr. כִּתְפֹת Ex 28:12 +, כִּתְפוֹת Ez 41:2 +; du. sf. כְּתֵפָיו Dt 33:12 + 3 times,…