Shoulder Body Part

† זְרוֹעַ, זְרֹעַ n.f. Ex 6:6 and (rare) m. Is 51:5, cf. infr. arm, shoulder, strength (NH id.; Assyrian (Tel el Amarna102, 1. 12, etc.) zurû, cf. Jastrow JBL, xi, 1892, 123; Arabic ذِرَاعٌ; Aramaic דְּרָעָא, ܕܪܳܥܳܐ; Ethiopic መዝራዕት )—abs. זְרוֹעַ Ex 6:6 +, זְרֹעַ Dt 7:19 +; cstr. זְרוֹעַ ψ 10:15 +, זְרֹעַ ψ 89:11 +; sf. זְרוֹעִי Je 27:5 ψ 89:2, זְרֹעִי Is 51:5; 63:5; זְרוֹעֲךָ ψ 71:18 +, זְרֹעֲךָ 1 S 2:31 +, etc.; pl. זְרֹעִים Dn 11:31; cstr. זְרֹעֵי Gn 49:24; sf. זְרֹעַי Is 51:5, זְרֹעָיו 2 K 9:24; elsewhere fem. form, cstr. זְרוֹעוֹת ψ 37:17, זְרֹעוֹת Jb 22:9 + 6 times, זְרֹעֹת Dt 33:27; sf. זְרוֹעֹתָ֑י ψ 18:35, זְרֹעֹתָ֑י 2 S 22:35, etc. (In abs. and cstr. sg. more often plene, in pl. and c. sf. more often defect. In one instance where ז׳ is masculine it means a political or military force Dn 11:31).— 1. arm, a. lit., of a man Ju 15:14; 16:12 2 S 1:10 Is 9:19; 17:5 (prob. acc. instr.), Dt 33:20 Zc 11:17(×2) Ct 8:6 Dn 10:6; Ez 13:20 (del. Co); ז׳ כֹּחוֹ Is 44:12 (of a smith, forging); ז׳ חֲשׂוּפָה Ez 4:7 (of prophet); in fig. of י׳ teaching Ephr. to walk Ho 11:3; זְרֹעֵי יָדָיו Gn 49:24 arms of his hands, i.e. arms that by their strength enable him (Joseph) to draw the bow; וַיַּךְ אֶת־יְהוֹרָם בֵּין זְרֹעָיו 2 K 9:24, i.e. his arms seen from behind, his shoulders. b. arm as seat of (human) strength ψ 18:35 = 2 S 22:35; ז׳ לֹא עֹז Jb 26:2, כּוֹחַ הַזּ׳ Dn 11:6 cf. v 6; ז׳ לֹא עֹז Jb 26:2; חִזַּקְתִּי ז׳ Ho 7:15 cf. Ez 30:24, 25; also c. שׁבר ψ 10:15; 37:17 Je 48:25 (‖ קֶרֶן), Ez 30:21, 22, 24 cf. v 25; ז׳ רָמָה תִּשָּׁבֵר Jb 38:15.—On Mal 2:3 cf. VB. Especially c. Yahweh’s arm as instrument of deliverance and judgment (often Dt Je Is 2 ψ):—ז׳ נְטוּיָה Dt 4:34; 5:15; 26:8 Ez 20:33, 34 ψ 136:12, cf. Dt 7:19; 11:2 1 K 8:42 = 2 Ch 6:32 Je 32:21 (‖ יָד חֲזָקָה), Dt 9:29 2 K 17:36; (of creation) Je 27:5; 32:17 (all ‖ כֹּחַ גָּדוֹל); בִּז׳ נְטוּיָה Ex 6:6 (P, or D’s revision; no ‖); זְ׳ חֲזָקָה Je 21:5 (‖ יָד נְטוּיָה); גְּדֹל זרועך Ex 15:16 (song), גֹּדֶל ז׳ ψ 79:11; זְרוֹעִי תְאַמְּצֶנּוּ ψ 89:22 (‖ יָדִי); בִּזְ׳ ψ 77:16; ז׳ ψ 44:4 (‖ יְמִינְךָ), ז׳ קָדְשׁוֹ ψ 98:1 (‖ יְמִינוֹ), cf. Is 52:10; ז׳ עֻזָּךָ ψ 89:11 cf. Is 62:8 (‖ יְמִינוֹ); לִבְשִׁי־עֹז זְרוֹעַ י׳ Is 51:9; לְךָ ז׳ עִם־גְּבוּרָ֑ה ψ 89:14; ז׳ תִּפְאַרְתּוֹ Is 63:12; as support of weak Is 40:11 (fig. shepherd), cf. זְרֹעֹת עוֹלָם Dt 33:27; נַחַת זְרוֹעוֹ יַרְאֶה Is 30:30 (of lightning stroke, ‖ השׁמיע הוד קולו of thunder); also אִם־זְרוֹעַ כָּאֵל לָךְ Jb 40:9. Hence, 2. arm, as symbol of strength: a. human 1 S 2:31(×2) (𝔊 read זַרְעֲךָ and זֶרַע, but v. Klo Dr), Ez 22:6; 31:17; וַתְּאַמֵּץ זְרוֹעֹתֶיהָ Pr 31:17; ז׳ בָּשָׂר 2 Ch 32:8; שָׂם בָּשָׂר זְרֹעוֹ Je 17:5 (‖ יִבְטַח בָּאָרָם); cf. ψ 44:4 (‖ חַרְבָּם); אישׁ זרוע Jb 22:8; זְרֹעוֹת יְתֹמִים Jb 22:9 (i.e. strength, resources); הָיוּ זרוע לִבְנֵי־לוֹט ψ 83:9; ז׳ רַבִּים Jb 35:9; זְרֹעַ גְּדוֹלָה Ez 17:9 (for pulling up a tree, in metaph.). b. = divine strength ψ 71:18 (‖ גְּבוּרָה), זְרֹעוֹ מֹשְׁלָה לוֹ Is 40:10 (‖ חָזָק); זְרֹעַי עַמִּים יִשְׁפֹּ֑טוּ 51:5 [Str thinks masc. to avoid verbal ending נָה, cf. 49:11]; and help Is 33:2 (‖ יְשׁוּעָה) cf. 59:16; 63:5; see also 53:1. 3. Pl. forces, political and military, c. יַעֲמֹ֑דוּ Dn 11:15, 31; v 22 (see Bev). 4. Shoulder of animal sacrificed, belonging to priest Nu 6:19 (P) Dt 18:3.

† כָּתֵף n.f. Ex 27:15 shoulder, shoulder-blade, side (NH id.; Aramaic כַּתְפָּא, ܟܰܬܦܳܐ; Arabic كَتِفٌ );—abs. כ׳ Zc 7:11 +; cstr. כֶּ֫תֶף 1 K 6:8 +, app. כָּתֵף Is 11:14 (but regard as appos., or read כֶּתֶף); sf. כְּתֵפִי Jb 31:22; כְּתֵפָם 1 Ch 15:15; pl. abs. כְּתֵפֹת Ex 28:7 +, כְּתֵפוֹת 1 K 7:30, 34; cstr. כִּתְפֹת Ex 28:12 +, כִּתְפוֹת Ez 41:2 +; du. sf. כְּתֵפָיו Dt 33:12 + 3 times, כְּתֵפֶיהָ 1 K 7:34;— 1. a. of man, shoulder, shoulder-blade (while שְׁכֶם, q.v. = neck and shoulders), כִּידוֹן נְחשֶׁת בֵּין כְּתֵפָיו 1 S 17:6; cf. fig. of י׳’s dwelling between the shoulders of Benj. Dt 33:12 (v. Dr); כְּתֵפִי מִשִּׁכְמָה תִפּוֹל Jb 31:22 my shoulder-blade, from the shoulder let it fall; as support for burdens Ju 16:3 Ez 12:6, 7, 12 Is 46:7; 49:22 (in fig.), Ex 28:12 Nu 7:9 (both P), 1 Ch 15:15 2 Ch 35:3; cf. כָּל־כ׳ מְרוּטָה Ez 29:18 every shoulder was rubbed bare (of Nebuch.’s soldiers chafed by armour and toil); as aim of bird of prey Is 11:14 (fig.); cf. shoulder of Moab Ez 25:9 (fig., i.e. the side of M. exposed to invasion): Ez 29:7b read prob. כַּף (𝔊 𝔖 Sm Co, cf. v a). b. of beasts, Is 30:6 (carrying), Ez 34:21 (thrusting, in fig.), כ׳ כֹרָ֑רֶת Zc 7:11 a refractory shoulder (refusing the yoke, fig.), so Ne 9:29; of choice meat Ez 24:4 (‖ יָרֵךְ). c. = shoulder-pieces (always pl.) of ephod Ex 28:7, 12, 25, 27 = 39:4, 7, 18, 20 (P). 2. a. slope, side, of mountain, כֶּתֶף יָם־כִּנֶּרֶת Nu 34:11, i.e. the mt.-slopes NE. of the lake, cf. Jos 15:8, 10, 11; 18:12, 13, 16, 18, 19 (all P). b. opposite side(s), sc. of door or entrance, of tabernacle-court Ex 27:14, 15 = 38:14, 15 (all P), of temple 1 K 6:8 7:39(×3) = 2 Ch 4:10, 2 K 11:11(×2) = 2 Ch 23:10(×2); cf. Ez 40:18, 40(×2), 41, 44(×2); 41:2, 26; 46:19; 47:1, 2. 3. supports of the bases for the lavers beside the temple 1 K 7:30(×2), 34(×2).

I. שְׁכֶם n.m.Zp 3:9 shoulder;—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 48:22 +, שְׁכֶ֑ם 33:19 +, שֶׁ֑כֶם ψ 21:13 (whence orig. *šakm inferred Ol§ 147 a ad fin. Sta§ 199 a; but—ֶ der. from—ִ before ב, BaNB 104 Köii. 1, 67, 506); cstr. שְׁכֶם Gn 9:23; sf. שִׁכְמוֹ 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Ges§ 91 e) Jb 31:22, etc.;— 1. shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = shoulder-blade): a. as bearing burdens, וַיֵּט שׁ׳ לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under fig. of ass), cf. 21:14 (E), 24:15, 45; Ex 12:34, also Gn 9:23 (all J), Jos 4:5 (E), Ju 9:48; Is 10:27 (‖ צַוָּאר), 14:25 (both fig.), ψ 81:7, so, metaph., of responsibility of rule Is 9:5; 22:22 (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Jb 31:36; fig. also לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳ אֶחָד Zp 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), cf. Syriac ܚܰܕ ܟܰܬܦܳܐ. b. in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּבֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם 1 S 9:2, cf. 10:23 and (with play on n.pr.loc. שְׁכֶם) נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳ אַחַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ Gn 48:22 (E; cf. Dr). 2. in gen. back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם 1 S 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳ ψ 21:13, i.e. make them turn (in flight; cf. וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Is 9:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ); more anatom. כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳ תִפּוֹל Jb 31:22 let my shoulder-blade fall from its back.—Ho 6:9 v. ii. שְׁכֶם²" dir="rtl" >שְׁכֶם.

ὦμος, ὁ: (see. entry near the end):— the shoulder with the upper arm (ὠλένη being the lower), ξίφεϊ κληῗδα παρ᾽ ὦμον πλῆξ᾽, ἀπὸ δ᾽ αὐχένος ὦμον ἐέργαθεν ἠδ᾽ ἀπὸ νώτου Refs 8th c.BC+; κατ᾽ ὤμου δεῖρον Refs 8th c.BC+; ὤμοις or ἐπ᾽ ὤμοις φέρειν, Refs 8th c.BC+; ὤμοισι τοῖσι ἐμοῖσι 'by the strength of mine arms', Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀποστρέψαι τὸν ὦ. to dislocate it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __b the shoulder is sometimes more exactly specified as πρυμνότατος or πρυμνὸς ὦμος, Refs 8th c.BC+; sometimes opposed to χείρ (the arm), χεῖρες ὤμων.. ἐπαΐσσονται Refs 8th c.BC+; τοὺς ὤμους ἀποταμόντες σὺν τῇσι χερσί (arms) Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 also of animals. as of a horse, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a lion, Refs 8th c.BC+; of a dog, Refs 5th c.BC+; of crabs, Refs; of birds, Refs 1st c.AD+; of ants, Refs __3 the shoulder, in a dress, ἐπὶ τῶν ὤμων τῆς ἐπωμίδος LXX+4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically of the parts below the top or head of any thing, especially of the fork of a vine (compare ὠμοχάραξ), Refs; of the womb, Heroph. cited in Refs 2nd c.AD+. (Cf. Latin umerus (from *omesos), Gothic ams (stem amsa-), Sanskrit áṃsas, also Aeolic dialect ἐπ-ομμάδιος, and (non-Greek) ἀμέσω Refs 5th c.AD+

I. שְׁכֶם n.m.Zp 3:9 shoulder;—abs. שׁ׳ Gn 48:22 +, שְׁכֶ֑ם 33:19 +, שֶׁ֑כֶם ψ 21:13 (whence orig. *šakm inferred Ol§ 147 a ad fin. Sta§ 199 a; but—ֶ der. from—ִ before ב, BaNB 104 Köii. 1, 67, 506); cstr. שְׁכֶם Gn 9:23; sf. שִׁכְמוֹ 49:15 +, שִׁכְמָה (for שִׁכְמָהּ Ges§ 91 e) Jb 31:22, etc.;— 1. shoulder (sometimes incl. back of neck; כתף = shoulder-blade): a. as bearing burdens, וַיֵּט שׁ׳ לִסְבֹּל Gn 49:15 (poem in J; Issach. under fig. of ass), cf. 21:14 (E), 24:15, 45; Ex 12:34, also Gn 9:23 (all J), Jos 4:5 (E), Ju 9:48; Is 10:27 (‖ צַוָּאר), 14:25 (both fig.), ψ 81:7, so, metaph., of responsibility of rule Is 9:5; 22:22 (symbolized by key), of accusation as (easy) burden Jb 31:36; fig. also לְעָבְדוֹ שׁ׳ אֶחָד Zp 3:9 to serve him (with) one shoulder (as one man), cf. Syriac ܚܰܕ ܟܰܬܦܳܐ. b. in statement of Saul’s height, מִשִּׁכְמוֹ וָמַ֫עְלָה גָּבֹהַּ מִכָּל־הָעָם 1 S 9:2, cf. 10:23 and (with play on n.pr.loc. שְׁכֶם) נָתַתִּי לְךָ שׁ׳ אַחַד עַל־אַחֶיךָ Gn 48:22 (E; cf. Dr). 2. in gen. back: כְּהַפְנֹתוֹ שִׁכְמוֹ לָלֶכֶת מֵעִם 1 S 10:9; so תְּשִׁיתֵמוֹ שׁ׳ ψ 21:13, i.e. make them turn (in flight; cf. וְאוֹיְבַי נָתַתָּה לִי עֹרֶף 18:41); as beaten מַטֵּה שׁ׳ Is 9:3 (‖ שֵׁבֶט הַנֹּגֵשׂ בּוֹ); more anatom. כְּתֵפִי מִשּׁ׳ תִפּוֹל Jb 31:22 let my shoulder-blade fall from its back.—Ho 6:9 v. ii. שְׁכֶם²" dir="rtl" >שְׁכֶם.