כֹּל, H3606
All, every, whole; the Aramaic quantifier expressing totality, universality, or indefinite distribution across a class.
The Aramaic equivalent of Hebrew kol, this word saturates the Aramaic portions of Ezra and Daniel as the primary marker of totality and universality. Whether summoning 'all the wise men of Babylon' (Dan 2:12) or decreeing that 'every people, nation, and language' must obey (Dan 3:29), kol provides the sweeping scope characteristic of royal edicts and divine declarations. In its emphatic (determined) form kolla, it stands alone as 'everything, all things'—a substantive totality rather than a modifier. Translators across languages uniformly reach for their strongest universal quantifier: Spanish todo, French tout, German alle.
Senses
1. all, every, whole — Totality applied to a defined group or class—'all the wise men,' 'the whole kingdom' (Dan 6:2-4). This is the most frequent usage (70x), appearing in construct with a plural noun to indicate every member of the specified set. The BDB notes this as kol with a collective noun, and it dominates in the royal decree formulas of Daniel and the administrative language of Ezra (e.g., Ezra 7:16 'all the silver and gold'). 70×
AR["كُلَّ-", "كُلُّ-", "كُلِّ-"]·ben["সমস্ত-"]·DE["alle"]·EN["all-", "because-", "inasmuch-as-"]·FR["tout"]·heb["כל"]·HI["सब", "सारी", "सारे"]·ID["karena", "karena-semua", "seluruh", "semua"]·IT["tutto"]·jav["Sadaya-", "sadaya-"]·KO["모든-", "온-"]·PT["Todo", "toda", "toda-", "todo", "todos"]·RU["все-", "всей-", "всеми-", "всю-", "всякий-", "всё-", "из-за-"]·ES["Por", "Todo", "a-todos", "en-todos", "toda", "todo", "todos"]·SW["Kama-vile", "Kwa-sababu-", "Kwa-sababu-ya", "hivi-vyote", "hizi-zote", "kwa-sababu", "kwa-sababu-", "wote", "wote-", "yeyote", "yote", "yote-"]·TR["Bu-", "tüm-", "çünkü-"]·urd["ساری", "ساری-", "سارے", "سب", "سب-نے", "سب-کو", "وجہ-سے-اس-کے-سب", "کیونکہ-سب"]
2. any, whatever, whoever — Indefinite or distributive use meaning 'any, whatever, whoever,' often in conditional, negative, or generalizing contexts. In Ezra 6:11-12, the decree threatens 'any man' who alters the edict and 'any king or people' who opposes the temple. Dan 6:8 speaks of a petition to 'any god.' This sense (28x) shifts from collective totality to open-ended distribution, and languages like Spanish toggle between todo and ninguna (in negated contexts) to capture the shift. 28×
AR["أَيَّ-", "كُلَّ-", "كُلُّ-", "وَ-كُلُّ-"]·ben["আর-সকল-", "এবং-কোনো-", "কোনো-", "যে-কেউ-", "যে-কোনো", "যে-কোনো-", "সকল-", "সমস্ত-"]·DE["alle", "und-alle"]·EN["all", "and-any-", "and-whoever", "any", "any-", "anyone", "because", "every-", "therefore", "whatever", "whoever-"]·FR["et-tout", "tout"]·heb["ו-כל", "כל"]·HI["इसलिए", "और-कोई", "किसी-भी", "कोई", "जो-कुछ", "सब"]·ID["Dan-setiap", "Oleh-karena", "Segala", "dan-semua", "karena", "segala", "seluruh", "semua", "setiap"]·IT["e-tutto", "tutto"]·jav["amargi", "amargi-", "lan-sadaya-", "lan-sinten-kemawon-", "pramila-", "sadaya-", "sedaya-", "sinten-", "sinten-kemawon-"]·KO["그리고-모든-", "모든-", "어떤-"]·PT["e-todo", "e-todo-", "nenhum-", "porque", "todo", "todo-"]·RU["Всё-", "И-всякий-", "Поскольку-", "Поэтому-", "весь-", "всякий-", "всякого-", "всё-", "и-всякое-", "на-всех-", "никакого-", "поскольку-"]·ES["a-todo", "a-todos", "ninguna", "ningún", "por-cuanto", "por-tanto", "por-todo-", "toda", "todo", "y-ningún", "y-todo"]·SW["Israeli-yote", "chochote", "hakuna", "kila", "kila-", "kwa-sababu", "na-yeyote", "wote", "yeyote-", "yoyote-"]·TR["Her-", "Karsilik-olarak-", "Ve-her-", "her-", "hiçbir-", "karsilik-olarak-", "tum-", "ve-hiçbir-"]·urd["اور-تمام-", "اور-کوئی", "تمام-", "جو-کوئی", "جو-کوئی-", "کوئی", "کوئی-بھی", "ہر", "ہر-"]
3. everything, the whole — Substantive use in the emphatic/determined state (kolla) meaning 'everything, all things, the totality' as a freestanding noun rather than a modifier. Daniel 2:40 speaks of iron that 'breaks in pieces and shatters everything' (kolla); Dan 4:12 describes the tree that fed 'all.' Five occurrences carry this weight, where the word itself is the subject or object, not an adjective qualifying another noun. 5×
AR["الـ-كُلَّ", "كُلُّ", "كُلُّ-شَيْء", "لِلْجَمِيعِ-"]·ben["-সকলের-জন্য-", "সকল", "সব", "সবকিছু"]·DE["[כלא]", "alle", "wie-nicht"]·EN["all", "for-all-"]·FR["[לכלא]", "tout", "wie-ne-pas"]·heb["הכל", "כל", "כלא", "ל-כל"]·HI["यह-सब", "सब", "सब-कुछ", "सबके-लिए"]·ID["segalanya", "semuanya", "sepenuhnya", "untuk-semua"]·IT["come-non", "tutto"]·jav["Sedaya-punika", "kangge-sadaya-", "sadayanipun", "tentrem"]·KO["모든", "모든-것-에게-", "모든-것-이", "모든-것을"]·PT["Tudo", "para-todos-", "toda", "tudo"]·RU["всякий", "всё", "для-всех-"]·ES["para-todos", "toda.", "todo"]·SW["Yote", "kwa-wote-", "vyote", "yote"]·TR["hepsi", "her-şeyi", "herkese-"]·urd["تمام", "سب", "سب-کو", "سب-کے-لیے-"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G3956 1. all (collective plural) (616×)H3967 1. cardinal numeral hundred (550×)H1419a 1. great, large (general quality) (486×)H7969 1. cardinal number three (431×)H0505 1. cardinal number thousand (427×)H7651 1. seven (cardinal number) (393×)G1520 1. cardinal number one (339×)H6240 1. ten (cardinal number) (334×)H6242 1. twenty (cardinal number) (315×)H2568 1. cardinal number five (309×)H0702 1. four (cardinal number) (277×)G3956 2. every, each (distributive) (227×)H8337 1. six (cardinal number) (215×)G3956 3. all things, everything (substantive) (211×)G3956 4. (187×)H6235 1. ten (177×)G3173 1. great in size or extent (176×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
כֹּל, כָּל־ n.m. the whole, all (BH כֹּל);—emph. כֹּלָּא Dn 2:40 +, cstr. כֹּל 2:12; 3:2 +, כָּל־ 2:8 +, sf. 3 mpl. כָּלְּהוֹן (so Palm. Lzb296 CookeNo. 117, Tariff ii b. 18) †2:38; 7:19 (Qr f. כַּלְּהֵן);— 1. כֹּל חַכִּימֵי בָבֶל the whole of (= all) the wise men of B. 3:2, 3, 5, etc.; 6:2 כל־מלכותא the whole of the kingdom, v 4; c. sf. the whole of them 2:38; 7:19. 2. with a sg. noun,…