Pas is the Greek workhorse of totality, appearing over 1,200 times in the New Testament — more than almost any other adjective. Its flexibility is remarkable: with a plural noun it means 'all' (all the nations, all the disciples); with a singular noun it shifts to 'every' or 'each' (every tree, each city); used substantively it becomes 'everything' or 'all things'; and in fixed phrases like dia pantos it means 'always' or 'continually.' What the multilingual evidence reveals is that most languages handle the collective and distributive senses with the same word — Spanish todo/todos, French tout, German alle/alles — suggesting that the semantic boundary between 'all the sheep' and 'every sheep' is more grammatical than lexical. Yet the substantive neuter use (ta panta, 'all things,' as in Col 1:16-17) carries a philosophical weight absent from the simple quantifier, pointing to the totality of created reality held together in Christ.