The noun kachash presents a striking case of semantic divergence within a single lexeme. In five of its six occurrences it names a moral failing — lying, deceit, treachery — concentrated in Hosea's indictments of Israel's chronic unfaithfulness. Hosea 10:13 accuses the people of eating 'the fruit of lies,' while 7:3 and 11:12 catalog their deceptions alongside wickedness and false dealing. Nahum 3:1 extends the same vocabulary to Nineveh, 'city full of lies and robbery,' and Psalm 59:12 pairs kachash with cursing. Spanish mentira, French mensonge, and English 'lies' converge without ambiguity here. But Job 16:8 deploys an entirely different sense: 'my leanness rises up against me,' describing bodily wasting that testifies to suffering. Spanish mi flaqueza ('my thinness') confirms the physical reading, and BDB notes the Targumic and Talmudic usage of the cognate for emaciation, supporting this as a genuine second sense rather than a metaphorical extension of 'lying.'