True, False

† אֱמֶת n.f. firmness, faithfulness, truth (contr. for אֱמֶנֶת, from אָמֵן) Gn 24:48 + 106 times; sf. אֲמִתּוֹ, אֲמִתְּךָ ψ 91:4 + 18 times 1. reliability, sureness: דֶּרֶךְ אֱמֶת sure way Gn 24:48 (J); שׂכר אמת sure reward Pr 11:18; אות אמת sure token Jos 2:12 (J); זֶרַע אמת Je 2:21. 2. stability, continuance: שָׁלוֹם וֶאֱמֶת peace and stability Is 39:8 (= 2 K 20:19) Est 9:30 Je 33:6 Zc 8:19, cf. שׁלום אמת Je 14:13. 3. faithfulness, reliableness: (a) of men אִישׁ אֱמֶת faithful man Ne 7:2; אנשׁי אמת Ex 18:21 (E); הָלַךְ בֶּאֱמֶת walk in faithfulness, faithfully 1 K 2:4; 3:6 2 K 20:3 Is 38:3 cf. 1 S 12:24; of י׳, בַּאֲמִתֶ��֑ךָ ψ 25:5; 26:3; 86:11; עיר האמת Zc 8:3; of men ψ 45:5; 51:8 2 Ch 31:20; 32:1 Pr 29:14 Is 10:20; 42:3; 48:1; בא׳ ובתמים Ju 9:16, 19 Jos 24:14; חֶסֶד וֶאֱ׳ mercy and faithfulness Pr 3:3; 14:22; 16:6; 20:28 Ho 4:1, & the phrase עשׂה חסד ואמת Gn 24:49; 47:29 Jos 2:14 (J) 2 S 15:20. (b) an attribute of God ψ 54:7; 71:22 Is 38:18, 19; 61:8; נתן אמת Mi 7:20; עשׂה אמת Ez 18:9 Ne 9:33; עשׂה חסד ואמת Gn 32:11 (J) 2 S 2:6; רב חסד ואמת abundant in mercy and faithfulness Ex 34:6 (J) ψ 86:15; these attributes are also associated ψ 40:11, 12; 61:8; 115:1; 138:2 Is 16:5 Gn 24:27 (J); they are messengers of God to men ψ 57:4; 85:11; 89:15 cf. ψ 43:3; כל ארחות י׳ חסד ואמת ψ 25:10; the faithfulness of God endureth for ever ψ 117:2; he keepeth it for ever ψ 146:6; it reacheth unto the skies ψ 57:11; 108:5; it is shield & buckler ψ 91:4; he is אל אמת ψ 31:6 = אלהי אמת 2 Ch 15:3; אֱמֶת is also associated with the divine ישׁר ψ 111:8; צֶדֶק ψ 85:12; צְדָקָה Zc 8:8; מִשְׁפָּט ψ 111:7 Je 4:2; & salvation ψ 69:14. 4. truth (a) as spoken: דבר אמת speak truth 1 K 22:16 2 Ch 18:15 Je 9:4 Zc 8:16 ψ 15:2; דִּבְרֵי א׳ Ec 12:10; אֱמֶת הַדָּבָר the thing is true Dt 22:20 1 K 10:6 2 Ch 9:5 Dn 10:1; אמת נכון הדבר the thing is certainly true Dt 13:15; 17:4; אִמְרֵי אֱמֶת = אמרים אמת Pr 22:21; הגה אמת Pr 8:7; הגיד א׳ Dn 11:2, אֲמִתְּךָ ψ 30:10; שׂפת אמת Pr 12:19; אֱמֶת it is true Is 43:9; האמת אתכם whether truth is with you Gn 42:16 (E) cf. Is 59:14, 15. (b) of testimony and judgment עֵד אֱמֶת true witness Pr 14:25; עד אמת ונאמן Je 42:5; משׁפט אמת Ez 18:8 Zc 7:9; שָׁפַט אמת Zc 8:16. (c) of divine instruction כְּתָב אֱמֶת Dn 10:21; תורת אמת Mal 2:6 cf. Ne 9:13; תורתך אמת ψ 119:142; דבר י׳ בְּפִיךָ אמת 1 K 17:24 cf. 2 S 7:28; משׁפטי י׳ אמת ψ 19:10; ראשׁ דברך אמת ψ 119:160; מצותיך אמת ψ 119:151. (d) truth as a body of ethical or religious knowledge Dn 8:12; להשׂכיל באמתך Dn 9:13. 5. adv. in truth, truly ψ 132:11; יהוה אלהים אמת Yahweh is God in truth, truly Je 10:10; 23:28; elsewhere בֶּאֱמֶת Ju 9:15; ψ 145:18 Je 26:15; 28:9; 32:41.

שֶׁ֫קֶר113 n.m. deception, disappointment, falsehood;—שׁ׳ Ex 23:7 + 64 times; שָׁ֑קֶר Ex 5:9 + 42 times; pl. שְׁקָרִים ψ 101:7 + 3 times; sf. שִׁקְרֵיהֶם Je 23:32;— 1. deception,what deceives, disappoints, and betrays one: a molten image Je 10:14 = 51:17; gift Pr 25:14; grace of person 31:30, etc.; אֹ֫רַח שׁ׳ ψ 119:104, 128; דֶּ֫רֶךְ שׁ׳ v 29; בטח בשׁ׳ Je 13:25; נחל שׁ׳ 16:19, cf. also ψ 7:15; 33:17; 119:118; Is 28:15; לַשֶּׁקֶר for disappointment, in vain 1 S 25:21; Je 3:23. 2. deceit, fraud, wrong: (ל)שׁ׳ עשׂה do or practise fraud, wrong Ho 7:1; Je 6:13; 8:9, 10; c. בְ, 2 S 18:13; פְּעֻלַּת שׁ׳ Pr 11:18; לֶ֫חֶם שׁ׳ Pr 20:17 food got by fraud; זֶ֫רַע שׁ׳ Is 57:4; עֵט שׁ׳ Je 8:8; ילד שׁ׳ ψ 7:15 (‖ עמל); דרךְ לשׁון קשׁת שׁ׳ Je 9:2; בְּשׁ׳ 3:10 (‖ בגד), adv. שׁקר fraudulently, wrongfully ψ 35:19; 38:20; 69:5; 119:78, 86. 3. injurious falsehood, in testimony, especially in courts: עֵד שֶׁקֶר Ex 20:16 (E) Dt 19:18 ψ 27:12 Pr 6:19; 14:5; 25:18; עֵד שׁקרים 12:17; 19:5, 9; ענה שׁ׳ Dt 19:18 testify falsehood; שְׁבֻעַת שׁ׳ Zc 8:17 false oath; נשׁבע לשׁ׳ swear falsely Je 5:2 + 5 times; נשׁבע על שׁ׳ Lv 5:22; דבּר שׁ׳ Mi 6:12 + (v. [דָּבַר], דָּבָר); אִמְרֵי שׁ׳ Is 32:7; שׁ׳ שׂפת(י) ψ 31:19; 120:2; Pr 10:18; 17:7; טפל שׁ׳ Jb 13:4 ψ 119:69, cf. v 163; abs. false! 2 K 9:12 Je 37:14. 4. falsity, of false or self-deceived prophets: נבּא שׁ׳ prophesy falsely Je 14:14; 23:25, 26; 29:21; + ל pers. 27:10, 14, 16; נ׳ לַשּׁ׳ v 15; נ׳ בשׁ׳ 5:31; 20:6; 29:9; מוֹרֶה שׁ׳ Is 9:14 Hb 2:18; חזה שׁ׳ Zc 10:2; חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Je 14:14, etc., (+ 12 times); רוּחַ שׁ׳ v. p. 925 b. 5. lie, falsehood, in gen.: דבר שּׁ׳ ψ 101:7 (‖ רְמִיָּה); דְּבַר שׁ׳ Pr 13:5; of מִלִּים Jb 36:4; לְשׁוֹן שׁ׳ false tongue Pr 6:17; 12:19; 21:6; 26:28; ψ 109:2; of lips Pr 12:22; אִישׁ שׁ׳ 17:4 liar.

ἀλήθ-εια [ᾰλ], ἡ, Doric dialect ἀλάθεια (also ἀλαθείᾱRefs 7th c.BC+ ἀληθεί; Ionic dialect ἀληθείη: __I truth, opposed to lie or mere appearance: __I.1 in Refs 8th c.BC+ only opposed to a lie, frequently in phrase ἀληθείην καταλέξαιRefs 8th c.BC+; παιδὸς πᾶσαν ἀ. μυθεῖσθαι to tell whole truth about the lad, Refs 8th c.BC+; proverbial, οἶνος καὶ ἀ. `in vino veritas', Alc.[same place], etc.; ἁπλᾶ γάρ ἐστι τῆς ἀ. ἔπηRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. ἔχειν to be true, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 after Refs 8th c.BC+ also truth, reality, opposed to appearance, σὺν ἀλαθείᾳ καλῶνRefs 5th c.BC+ — in adverbial usages, τῇ ἀ. in very truth, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἐπὶ τῆς ἀληθείας καὶ τοῦ πράγματος in truth and reality, Refs 4th c.BC+; ἐπ᾽ ἀληθείᾳ for the sake of truth, Refs 5th c.BC+; also, according to truth and nature, Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 real war, opposed to exercise or parade, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __I.4 true event, realization of dream or omen, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II of persons, truthfulness, sincerity, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III *)a. personified, Refs 5th c.BC+ __IV symbol of truth, jewel worn by Egyptian high-priest, Refs 1st c.BC+: of the Thummim, LXX

† שָׁוְא n.[m.] emptiness, vanity;—שׁ׳ abs. Ex 23:1 + 51 times, שָׁו Jb 15:31 (Kt);— 1. emptiness, nothingness, vanity: שׁ׳ תְּשׁוּעַת אָדָם ψ 60:13 vain (is) man’s deliverance, = 108:13; שׁ׳ לָכֶם 127:2 it is vain (useless) for you; 89:48 for (עַל) what nothingness hast thou created man? cf. שׁ׳ יַרְחֵי Jb 7:3; הַבְלֵי שׁ׳ ψ 31:7 (idols) = Jon 2:9, cf. Je 18:15; מִנְחַת שׁ׳ Is 1:13 of ineffective offering to י׳; נשׂא לַשּׁ׳ (לֹא) Ex 20:7(×2) take up name of God in vain (to no good purpose) = Dt 5:11(×2), cf. ψ 24:4; 139:20 [MT lifted up in vain are thy foes; היה שׁ׳ Ho 12:12 become nothing (We עשׂה שׁ׳, and so 3); ראה שׁ׳ ψ 119:37; adv. לַשּׁ׳ in vain Je 2:30; 4:30; 6:29; 46:11; שׁ׳ ψ 127:1(×2); Mal 3:14; Jb 35:13. 2. emptiness of speech, שׁ׳ וּדְבַר כָּזָב Pr 30:8; דבּר שׁ׳ ψ 12:3; 41:7; 144:8, 11; Is 59:4; Ez 13:8; אָלוֹת שׁ׳ Ho 10:4 + 12:2 𝔊 We al. (for שֹׁד); הָלַךְ עִם־שׁ׳ Jb 31:5 (‖ מִרְמָה); עֵד שׁ׳ Dt 5:17 = עֵד שָֽׁקֶר Ex 20:16); cf. שֵׁמַע שׁ׳ Ex 23:1 (E); of false (empty) prophecy חֲזוֹן שׁ׳ Ez 12:24, חָזוּ שׁ׳ La 2:14; v. also Ez 13:6, 7, 9, 23; 21:34; 22:28; Jb 35:13 (or empty complaint) La 2:14(×2); קסם שׁ׳ Ez 21:28; חֲלמוֹת הַשּׁ׳ Zc 10:2. 3. of conduct, worthlessness (Buhl sub 1, 2); מְתֵי שׁ׳ worthless men ψ 26:4; Jb 11:11; worthless motives (in fig.) חֵבְלֵי הַשּׁ׳ Is 5:18; נָפַת שׁ׳ 30:28 (i.e. sifting out the worthless; al. sieve of (bringing) disappointment); play on meanings in Jb 15:31(×2), cf. DrJob, Psalt. 464.

† I. מִרְמָה n.f. deceit, treachery;—abs. מ׳ Am 8:5 +; pl. abs. מִרְמוֹת ψ 10:7 +;—deceit, of balances, מֹאזְנֵי מ׳ i.e. deceptive balances Am 8:5 (‖ שֶׁקֶר), Ho 12:8; Pr 11:1 (opp. אֶבֶן שְׁלֵמָה), 20:23, אַבְנֵי מ׳ Mi 6:11 (v. [מאזן] p. 24); especially treachery, craftiness, 2 K 9:23, בְּמ׳ treacherously, Gn 27:35 (J), and (of crafty speech) 34:13 (P); שִׂפְתֵי מ׳ ψ 17:1 i.e. treacherous lips, לְשׁוֹן מ׳ 52:6, פִּי מ׳ 109:2 (‖ לְשׁוֹן שָׁ֑קֶר), דִּבְרֵי מִרְמוֹת 35:20, נִשְׁבַע לְמ׳ ψ 24:4 (‖ לַשָּׁוְא); cf. Is 53:9 (‖ חָמָם); also Ho 12:1 (‖ כַּחַשׁ), Je 5:27; 9:5(×2), 7; Zp 1:9 (+ חָמָם), ψ 10:7 (+ תֹּךְ, ‖ עָמָל וָאָוֶן), 34:14; 36:4 (+ אָוֶן), 38:13; 50:19; 55:12 (+ תֹּךְ), Jb 15:35; 31:5 (‖ שָׁוְא), Pr 12:20; 14:8; 26:24 Dn 8:25; opp. מִשְׁפָּט Pr 12:5, + עֵד שְׁקָרִים v 17, + יָפִחַ כְּזָבִים 14:25 (Hi Wild Toy read מְדַמֶּה for מרמה, but II. דמה not elsewhere Pi); אִישׁ דָּמִים וּמ׳ ψ 5:7 (‖ דֹּבְרֵי כָזָב), cf. 55:24, אִישׁ מ׳ וְעַוְלָה 43:1; יַעֲשֶׂה מ׳ Dn 11:23.—ii. מִרְמָה n.pr. v. p. 599.

† כָּזָב n.m. Am 2:4 lie, falsehood, deceptive thing;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:2 + 19 times; pl. abs. כְּזָבִים Ju 16:10 + 9 times; sf. כִּזְבֵיהֶם Am 2:4;—lie, falsehood, c. דִּבֶּר Ju 16:10, 13 Ho 7:13 Zp 3:13 Dn 11:27 ψ 5:7; 58:4, so Ez 13:8 Co (by transp. כ׳ with שָׁוְא, cf. v 6, 7, 9); c. יָפִיחַ (in Pr) Pr 6:19; 14:5, 25; 19:5, 9; of false prophecies (divinations) c. אָמַר, מִקְסַם כ׳ Ez 13:7; c. קָסָם v 9; 21:34; 22:28 + 13:6 𝔊 Co (קָסוֹם כ׳, for MT קֶסֶם כ׳); c. שָׁמַע 13:19, בִּקֵּשׁ ψ 4:3; c. רָצָה delight in 62:5; so in the phr. דְּבַר־כ׳ Pr 30:8, אִישׁ כ׳ 19:22 = liar, עֵד כְּזָבִים 21:28 = false witness; of idols as a lie (res ementita) Am 2:4, so prob. שָׂטֵי כ׳ those turning aside to a lie ψ 40:5 (cf. אָוֶן, אֱלִיל, הֶבֶל, שֶׁקֶר); then of empty human pretensions כ׳ וָשֹׁד יַרְבֶּה Ho 12:2, Is 28:15 (‖ שֶׁקֶר), v 17 (מַחְסֵה כ׳), ψ 62:10 (‖ הֶבֶל; cf. כֹּזֵב 116:11); לֶחֶם כְּזָבִים Pr 23:3 = deceptive (disappointing) bread.

ἀληθῐνός, ή, όν, agreeable to truth: __1 of persons, truthful, trusty, στράτευμα, φίλοι, Refs 5th c.BC+. adverb -νῶς, φιλεῖνRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative -ώταταRefs 2nd c.BC+ __2 of things, true, genuine, Refs 5th c.BC+; especially of purple, πορφυρίςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἰχθύς Amph.26; πέλαγοςRefs 4th c.BC+; τὰ ἀ. real objects, opposed to τὰ γεγραμμένα, Refs 4th c.BC+; of persons, ἐς ἀ. ἄνδρ᾽ ἀποβῆναι to turn out a genuine man, Refs 3rd c.BC+: Astron., true (opposed to φαινόμενος apparent), of risings and settings, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II adverb -νῶς truly, really, opposed to γλίσχρως, Refs 5th c.BC+; ζῶντα ἀ. really alive, Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 honestly, straightforwardly, Refs

ἀληθ-ής [ᾰ], Doric dialect ἀλᾱθής, ές, (λήθω, ={λανθάνω}: ἀληθὲς τὸ μὴ λήθῃ ὑποπῖπτονRefs:—unconcealed, so true, real, opposed to false, apparent: __I Refs 8th c.BC+; ἀληθέϊ λόγῳ χρᾶσθαιRefs 5th c.BC+ __I.2 of persons, etc., truthful, honest (not in Refs 8th c.BC+; οἶνος ἀ. `in vino veritas', Refs 5th c.BC+ __I.3 of oracles, true, unerring, ἀλαθέα μαντίων θῶκονRefs 5th c.BC+; of dreams, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II of qualities or events, true, real, φίλοςRefs 5th c.BC+; genuine, ἀ. εἶναι δεῖ τὸ σεμνόν, οὐ κενόνRefs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 realizing itself, coming to fulfilment, ἀράRefs 4th c.BC+ __III adverb ἀληθῶς, Ionic dialect -θέως, truly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.b actually, in reality, γένος τόδε Ζηνός ἐστιν ἀ.Refs 5th c.BC+; τὴν ἀ. μουσικήν (i.e. οὖσαν) Refs 4th c.BC+ —ὡς ἀ. in the true way, really, Refs 5th c.BC+: comparative -εστέρωςRefs 5th c.BC+ -έστερον Refs 5th c.BC+: superlative -έσταταRefs 5th c.BC+ __III.2 neuter as adverb, proparoxytone ἄληθε; indeed? really? ironically, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III.3 τὸ ἀληθές truly, Ionic dialect τὠληθέςRefs 3rd c.BC+ __B not forgetting, careful, γυνὴ χερνῆτις ἀ.Refs 8th c.BC+:—the sense honest is post- Refs 8th c.BC+ ἀληθ-ίζω, dye with genuine purple, Refs __B.II middle -ίζομαι, ={ἀληθεύω}, Refs 5th c.BC+

† שֹׁ֫חַד n.m. present, specif. bribe;—שׁ׳ abs. Is 1:23 + 22 times;—bribe, usually to pervert justice, obj. of לָקַח Ex 23:8a (E), = Dt 16:19a; Dt 10:17; 1 S 8:3; 2 Ch 19:7 ψ 15:5; Pr 17:23; + inf., take bribe to do something, Dt 27:25; Ez 22:12; אָהַב שׁ׳ Is 1:23; cf. also 5:23; 33:15 Ex 23:8b (E) = Dt 16:19b, Mi 3:11 ψ 26:10; Pr 17:8; 21:14; אָהֳלֵי־שׁ׳ Jb 15:34, i.e. abode of bribe-givers; שׁ׳ Pr 6:35 (‖ כֹּפֶר) is hush-money, or (poss.) legal compensation (cf. Toy); שׁ׳ elsewhere (c. שָׁלַח) of bribing king to take sides 1 K 15:19; 2 K 16:8, cf. Is 45:13 (‖ מְחִיר).

† כָּחַשׁ vb. be disappointing, deceive, fail, grow lean (NH כָּחַשׁ grow lean; Hiph. convict of falsehood, refute; Aramaic כְּחַשׁ grow lean; כַּחְשָׁא leanness, כְּחִישׁוּתָא leanness, weakness; Aph. as NH Hiph.)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. וּבְשָׂרִי כָּחַשׁ מִשָּׁ֑מֶן ψ 109:24 my flesh hath grown lean (away) from fatness (‖ בִּרְכַּי כָּֽשְׁלוּ מִצּוֹם). Niph. Impf. וְיִכָּֽחֲשׁוּ אֹיְבֶיךָ לָךְ Dt 33:29 thine enemies shall cringe (come cringing, i.e. orig. act deceptively, feigning obedience) to thee (cf. also Pi 3, Hithp.) Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּחֵשׁ 1 K 13:18 Hb 3:17; וְכִ֫חֶשׁ consec. (bef. monosyll.) Lv 5:22 Jb 8:18, etc.; Impf. (בָּהּ) יְכַ֫חֶשׁ Ho 9:2; 3 fs. וַתְּכַחֵשׁ Gn 18:15, etc.; inf. abs. כַּחֵשׁ Ho 4:2 Is 59:13; cstr. Zc 13:4;— 1. deceive, abs. Gn 18:15 (J), Jos 7:11 (JE), Ho 4:2 (אלה וכחשׁ together = false swearing according to WeKl. Pr.; + וְרָצֹחַ וְגָנֹב וְנָאֹ֑ף), cf. לֹא תִגְנֹ֑בוּ וְלֹא־תְכַחֲשׁוּ וְלֹא תְשַׁקְּרוּ אִישׁ בַּעֲמִיתוֹ Lv 19:11 (H); לְמַעַן כ׳ Zc 13:4 in order to deceive; sq. לְ pers. 1 K 13:18 Jb 31:28; sq. בְ pers. et rei Lv 5:21, בְ rei v 22. 2. act deceptively against (i.e. seem to acknowledge, but not really do so), sq. בְ pers. Jos 24:27 (E) Je 5:12 Is 59:13 Jb 8:18, appar. also וְתִירוֹשׁ יכ׳ בָּהּ Ho 9:2 and new wine shall deny her (Isr.; i.e. refuse to acknowledge her as its mistress, not yield itself to her); abs. Pr 30:9. 3. cringe = come cringing (make shew of obedience, v. Niph.), sq. בְ pers. ψ 18:45 (Hithp. in ‖ 2 S 22:45); sq. לְ pers. ψ 66:3; 81:16. 4. disappoint, fail, abs. כִּחֵשׁ מַעֲשֵׂה זַיִת Hb 3:17 the product of the olive hath failed (in sense comp. Ho 9:2 supr.) Hithp. Impf. יִתְכַּחֲשׁוּ לִי 2 S 22:45 shall come cringing to me (‖ ψ 18:45, v. supr.)

† II. כֵּן adj. right, veritable, honest (proposes firm, upright; Syriac ܟܻܐܢ recte PS1662)—abs. כֵּן Ex 10:29 + (on poss. cstr. v. 2 ad fin.); pl. כֵּנִים Gn 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34;— 1. right, usually indecl., often as subst. a right thing, especially c. vbb. dicendi Ex 10:29 (J) כֵּן דִּבַּרְתָּ, Nu 27:7 כֵּן דֹּבְרֹת, 36:5 (both P); כֵּן יַאֲרִיךְ Pr 28:2 (the) right (i.e. order and justice) shall last long (v. De Now VB); = adv. aright, of pronunciation Ju 12:6; also c. vb. agendi Ec 8:10 (on Is 33:23 v. iii. כֵּן sub כנן); right well ψ 65:10; (Che; al. = so); c. לֹא, as adj., not right דְּבָרִים אֲשֶׁר לֹא־כֵן 2 K 17:9 things which were not right (vb. agendi); of heart of a fool Pr 15:7; Je 23:10; as subst. = what is not right, upright Je 8:6; c. vb. agendi לֹא־כֵן 2 K 7:9 that which is not right we are doing, Je 48:30b. 2. veritable, true, כֵּן־צְדָקָה Pr 11:19 the veritable of righteousness = true righteousness; Is 16:6 = Je 48:30a may be either their boastings are not true or (Thes Che Di Du Gr Gie al.) the untruth of their boastings (לֹא־כֵן as cpd. cstr.); abs., in assent to something already said, Right! Correct! True! Jos 2:4. 3. pl. concr. honest (men) Gn 42:11, 19, 31, 33, 34 (all E).—i. כֵּן thus, so, v. p. 485 infr.; iii. כֵּן place, base, v. sub i. כנן" dir="rtl" >כנן; iv. כֵּן, כִּנִּם, כִּנָּם, v. sub כנן²" dir="rtl" >כנן.

��� [כָּזַב] vb. lie, be a liar (Arabic كَذَبَ Aramaic כְּדַב ܟܕܰܒ id. chiefly Pa.; NH כָּזַב)— Qal Pt. כָּל־הָאָדָם כֹּזֵב ψ 116:11 (cf. כָּזָב 62:10). Niph. Pf. 3 fs. תֹּחַלְתּוֹ נִכְזָ֑בָה Jb 41:1 his hope has been made deceptive, i.e. been shewn to be so; 2 ms. consec. וְנִכְזָ֑בְתָּ Pr 30:6 lest he convict thee and thou be proved a liar. Pi. Pf. 3 ms. כִּזֵּב Mi 2:11; Impf. 3 ms. יְכַזֵּב Hb 2:3 Pr 14:5; וִיכַזֵּב Nu 23:19, etc.; Inf. cstr. sf. (בְּ)כַזֶּבְכֶם Ez 13:19;— 1. lie, tell a lie, abs., Nu 23:19 (JE), Mi 2:11 Jb 6:28; 34:6 Pr 14:5 Is 57:11; sq. לְ pers. lie to Ez 13:19 ψ 78:36; 89:36; sq. בְּ pers. tell a lie with, i.e. in intercourse, converstion with 2 K 4:16. 2. disappoint, fail, of a divine revelation Hb 2:3; waters of a spring Is 58:11. Hiph. Impf. 3 ms. sf. יַכְזִיבֵנִי Jb 24:25 who will make me a liar? i.e. prove me to be so (cf. Niph.)

ψεύδομαι, see at {ψεύδω} Refs 5th c.BC+

δόλος __B· πάσσαλος, Refs 5th c.AD+

πλᾰν-η, ἡ, wandering, roaming, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 discursive treatment, ἡ διὰ παντὸς διέξοδος καὶ π. Refs 5th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, going astray, βίοτος ἀνθρώπων π. Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ περὶ τὰ χρώματα π. τῆς ὄψεως the illusion, Refs; πολλὴν ἔχει.. πλάνην irregularity, Refs 4th c.BC+; πολλὰς ἀπορίας ἔχει καὶ π. Refs; ἡ κατὰ τὰς αἰσθήσεις π. Refs 4th c.BC+ __II.2 deceit, imposture, LXX+NT

ψεῦδος, εος, τό, Epic dialect dative plural ψεύδεσσι, see at {ψευδής} I.2: (ψεύδω):— falsehood, lie, ψεύδεα.. ἐτύμοισιν ὁμοῖα Refs 8th c.BC+; εἴ τε ψεῦδος ὑπόσχεσις εἴ τε καὶ οὐκί whether the promise be a lie or no, Refs 8th c.BC+; ψ. ποικίλα, αἰόλον ψ., Refs; ψ. γλυκύ a sweet deceit, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 in Logic, false conclusion, fallacy, συλλογισμὸς τοῦ ψεύδους Refs 4th c.BC+; συμβαίνει ψ.Refs —in “NT” of what is opposed to religious truth, false doctrine, NT; ποιῶν βδέλυγμα καὶ ψ., i.e. doing what is repugnant to the true faith, NT; of false anatomical doctrine, τὸ οἴεσθαι.. ψ. ἐστι Refs 2nd c.AD+ __II in Refs 3rd c.BC+ are spots, pimples on the nose; supposed to be characteristic of liars, cf. Scholia (at [prev. work]); compare ψυδράκιον. __II.2 white spots on the fingernails, Refs 3rd c.AD+ __III In Refs 5th c.BC+; so almost like an adjective (compare ψευδής [near the start]), ὄνομα ψεῦδος καὶ ἀληθὲς λέγειν Refs 5th c.BC+

† I. רְמִיָּה n.f. deceit, treachery;—always abs. ר׳;—deceit, treachery: especially of speech, pred. of לָשׁוֹן Mi 6:12 (‖ שֶׁקֶר), appos. of לָשׁוֹן (or read לְשֹׁוֹן?) ψ 120:2 (‖ שְׂפַת שֶׁקֶר), v 3; of man, עֹשֵׂה ר׳ 52:4 that workest treachery, 101:7 (‖ דֹּבֵר שְׁקָרִים); also Jb 13:7; 27:4 (both ‖ עַוְלָה); deception ψ 32:2 (‖ עָוֹן); in phr. קֶשֶׁת ר׳ treacherous bow (sim.) Ho 7:16 ψ 78:57 (failing him who trusts to it).

II. חָלַק vb. be smooth, slippery (NH adj. חָלָק smooth, empty, Arabic خَلَقَ make smooth, lie, forge, fabricate)— Qal Pf. ח׳ Ho 10:2; 3 mpl. חָֽלְקוּ ψ 55:22;—smooth, slippery, only fig.: Ho 10:2 of heart of faithless Isr. (so Ew Ke Wü Now RVm), We false; > Vrss (not 𝔊) Hi St who read חֻלַּק, divided is their heart; 𝔊 ἐμέρισαν; of words, smooth ψ 55:22 i.e. deceptive (‖ רַכּוּ דְבָרָיו מִשֶּׁמֶן). Hiph. Pf. הֶחֱלִיק ψ 36:3, הֶחֱלִיקָה Pr 2:16; 7:5; Impf. יַחֲלִיקוּן ψ 5:10; Pt. מַחֲלִיק Pr 28:23 + 2 times; make smooth: 1. lit. of idol-maker Is 41:7 c. acc. instr. פַּטִּישׁ hammer. 2. fig. the tongue, i.e. flatter with it ψ 5:10; Pr 28:23, words, Pr 2:16; 7:5 אֲמָרֶיהָ הֶחֱלִיקָה; abs. deal smoothy, sq. אֶל־ ψ 36:3, עַל Pr 29:5.

ἀπᾰτ-η, ἡ, trick, fraud, deceit, νῦν δὲ κακὴν ἀπάτην βουλεύσατοRefs 8th c.BC+: in plural, wiles, οὐκ ἄρ᾽ ἔμελλες.. λήξειν ἀπατάων, says Athena to Ulysses, Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 guile, treachery, ἄταν ἀπάτᾳ μεταγνούςRefs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. εὐπρεπής, opposed to βία ἐμφανής, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀ. λεχέων a being cheated out of the marriage, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἄνευ δόλου καὶ ἀπάτης 'without fraud or covin', Refs 5th c.BC+ __3 Ἀπάτη, personified, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II beguiling of time, pastime (not Attic dialect, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III as name of a plant, falsa lectio for{ἀπάπη} (which see).

† כַּ֫חַשׁ n.m. Jb 16:8 1. lying 2. leanness;—abs. כ׳ Ho 12:1 + 2 times; כָּ֑חַשׁ Ho 10:13; sf. כַּחֲשִׁי Jb 16:8; pl. sf. כַּחֲשֵׁיהֶם Ho 7:3;— 1. lying, אֲכַלְתֶּם פְּרִי כ׳ Ho 10:13 ye have eaten the fruit of lying; 7:3 (‖ רָעָה), 12:1; of Nineveh, כ׳ פֶּרֶק מְלֵאָה Na 3:1 of lying (and) robbery it is full; ψ 59:13 (‖ אָלָה). 2. of Job’s affliction Jb 16:8 my leanness hath risen up against me (cf. ψ 109:24; 𝔗 J Gn 41:27, Ec 12:5; Talm. כחשׁא; > my lying, i.e. my affliction regarded as a lying witness, Di Buhl al.)

† רָכִיל n.[m.] slander, > tale-bearer, informer;—always ר׳ abs.;—ר׳ יַהֲלֹךְ Je 9:3, תֵּלֵךְ ר׳ Lv 19:16 (H), הוֹלֵךְ ר׳ Pr 11:13; 20:19, all of going about in slander, as slanderer (Ges§ 118 q); הֹלְכֵי ר׳ Je 6:28 goers of slander (slanderous persons) (cf. הָלַךְ, p. 231 f.); אַנְשֵׁי ר׳ Ez 22:9 men of slander, informers.

† [שָׁקַר] vb.denom. do or deal falsely;— Qal Impf. 2 ms. תִּשְׁקֹר Gn 21:23 thou wilt not do falsely to me (לִי). Pi. Pf. 1 pl. שִׁקַּ֫רְנוּ ψ 44:18; Impf. 3 ms. יְשַׁקֵּר 1 S 15:29; 3 mpl. יְשַׁקֵּ֑רוּ Is 63:8, etc.;—deal falsely 1 S 15:29; Is 63:8, c. ב pers. Lv 19:11 (‖ כחשׁ); c. ב rei ψ 44:18; 89:34.

† יַצִּיב adj. certain, true (𝔗 id., firm, native (= אֶזְרָח));—abs. י׳ Dn 2:8, 45, emph. -בָא 3:24 (K§ 59. g); fs. -בָא 6:13; 7:16;— 1. certain, sure Dn 2:45; in exclam. 3:24 undoubtedly! מִן־יַצִּיב 2:8 of a surety. 2. true 6:13; f. as subst. 7:16 the truth concerning, עַל rei.

† II. רְמִיָּה n.f. laxness, slackness;—always abs. ר׳;—כַּף ר׳ Pr 10:4 slack (negligent, idle) hand (opp. יַד חָרוּצִים); ר׳ alone = slackness (abstr. for concr. = one who is slack) 12:24 (‖ id.), v 27 (v. חרך); נֶפֶשׁ ר׳ 19:15 (‖ עַצְלָה); as adv. עֹשֶׁה מְלֶאכֶת י׳ רְמִיָּה Je 48:10.

† תַּרְמִית n.f. deceitfulness;—abs. לְשׁוֹן תּ׳ Zp 3:13 (‖ עַוְלָה, כָּזָב), תַּרְמִת Je 8:5; cstr. תַּרְמִית לִבָּם 14:14 Qr (> Kt תרבות), תַּרְמִת לִבָּם 23:26 (‖ שֶׁקֶר); sf. שֶׁקֶר תַּרְמִיתָם the falseness of their calumny ψ 119:118.

γνήσι-ος, α, ον, (γένος) belonging to the race, i. e. lawfully begotten, born in wedlock, νόθον καὶ γνήσιον Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 generally, genuine, legitimate, φίλος Refs 6th c.BC+ A; γ. γυναῖκες lawful wives, opposed to παλλακίδες, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος true Greeks, Refs 4th c.BC+; μήτηρ τῶν ἐρωτικῶν λόγων, of Aphrodite, Refs 2nd c.AD+; γ. ἀρεταί real, unfeigned virtues, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ὕμνοι inspired song, Refs 5th c.BC+; of fevers, γ. τριταῖος a genuine tertian, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ὄξος genuine vinegar, Refs 4th c.BC+; of writings, genuine, Refs 1st c.AD+ adverb -ίως genuinely, truly, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. φέρειν bear nobly, Refs 4th c.BC+; lawfully, τοῖς γ. συμβιώσασιν Refs 1st c.BC+ __II γνήσια, τά, charges on land, γ. δημόσια Refs 1st c.AD+

† חֲלַקְלַקּוֹת n.pl.f.abstr. smoothness, slipperiness, flattery, fine promises; 1. slipperiness יהי־דרכם חשׁך וַחֲלַקְלַקֹּת ψ 35:6; יהיה דרכם להם כַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת Je 23:12. 2. fine promises והחזיק מלכוּת בַּחֲלַקְלַקּוֹת Dn 11:21; cf. 11:34.

ἀληθ-εύω, future -εύσωRefs 5th c.BC+:—speak truth, Refs 5th c.BC+adjective, ἀ. πάντα speak truth in all things, Refs 5th c.BC+; τὰς δέκα ἡμέρας ἠλήθευσε he rightly foretold.. , Refs; ἀ. τοὺς ἐπαίνους prove their praises true, Refs 2nd c.AD+; τοὔνομα `make good', Refs 4th c.AD+ __2 of things, to be, prove true, σημεῖαRefs 5th c.BC+:—passive, to be fulfilled, of conditions, ἐπὶ τούτοις -ομένοιςRefs 5th c.BC+:—active of reasoners, arrive at truth, Refs:—passive, ὁ λόγος -εύεται is in accordance with truth, Top. Refs; ἀληθεύεσθαι κατά τινος to be truly predicated of.., Refsfuture middle in same sense, Refs

† אַכְזָב adj. deceptive, disappointing (elative; opp. אֵיתָן q.v. sub יתן)—only abs. sg.:—Mi 1:14 (with play on n.pr. אַכְזִיב); of a deceptive, disappointing stream (cf. Is 58:11) Je 15:18 (‖ מַיִם לֹא נֶאְמָ֑נוּ; on meaning cf. Jb 6:15 ff.)

† בָּדָא vb. devise, invent (bad sense) (Mish. id., Aramaic בְּדָא, ܒܕܳܐ invent; cf. Arabic بَدَأَ begin, make a beginning)— Qal Pf. בָּדָא 1 K 12:33; Pt. sf. בּוֹדָאם (instead of בּוֹדְאָם) Ne 6:8—Jeroboam devised a feast in 8th month 1 K 12:33; invent accusation Ne 6:8.

† I. עָקֹב adj. 1. insidious, deceitful, Je 17:9 עָקֹב הַלֵּב מִכֹּל. 2. foot-tracked (denom. from i. עָקֵב) Ho 6:8 גִּלְעָד קִרְיַת פֹּעֲלֵי אָוֶן עֲקֻבָּה מִדָּם.

† קְשֹׁט n. [m.] truth (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH קֹשְׁטְ (once, Aramaism));—abs. Dn 4:34; מִן־ק׳ 2:47 of a truth.

† [שָׁחַד] vb. give a present, bribe (Ecclus 35:14; Aramaic שְׁחַד, ܫܚܰܕ bribe; perhaps also Assyrian šidê, gifts, DlWB 643);— Qal Impf. 2 fs., acc. pers. וַתִּשְׁחֳדִי אוֹתָם Ez 16:33 thou didst bribe them to come (לָבוֹא; ‖ נָתַן נְדָנִים); read prob. also Inf. cstr. sf. שַׁחֲדָהּ Is 47:11 to buy it off (for MT שַׁחְרָה, so Kr Gr Buhl CheHpt. Heb. 142, cf. Marti; v. Pr 6:35); Imv. mpl. שִׁחֲדוּ בַעֲדִי (Ges§ 64 a) Jb 6:22 give a bribe for me.

ἀψευδ-ής, ές, without deceit, truthful, especially of oracles and the like, Refs 8th c.BC+; μάντις ἀ., of Apollo, Refs 5th c.BC+; θεόςNT; ἀψευδεῖ τέχνῃ, of augury, Refs 5th c.BC+; unerring, Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 of things, uncorrupt, pure from all deceit, ἀ. πρὸς ἄκμονι χάλκευε γλῶσσανRefs 5th c.BC+ __3 ἀψευδής, ={κώνειον}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+ __II adverb -δέως, Attic dialect-δῶς, really and truly, οἱ ἀ. ἄριστοιRefs 5th c.BC+: superlative -έστατα, ἐρεῖνRefs 1st c.AD+

Included with: γνήσι-ος, α, ον, (γένος) belonging to the race, i. e. lawfully begotten, born in wedlock, νόθον καὶ γνήσιον Refs 8th c.BC+ __2 generally, genuine, legitimate, φίλος Refs 6th c.BC+ A; γ. γυναῖκες lawful wives, opposed to παλλακίδες, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. τῆς Ἑλλάδος true Greeks, Refs 4th c.BC+; μήτηρ τῶν ἐρωτικῶν λόγων, of Aphrodite, Refs 2nd c.AD+; γ. ἀρεταί real, unfeigned virtues, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ὕμνοι inspired song, Refs 5th c.BC+; of fevers, γ. τριταῖος a genuine tertian, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. ὄξος genuine vinegar, Refs 4th c.BC+; of writings, genuine, Refs 1st c.AD+ adverb -ίως genuinely, truly, Refs 5th c.BC+; γ. φέρειν bear nobly, Refs 4th c.BC+; lawfully, τοῖς γ. συμβιώσασιν Refs 1st c.BC+ __II γνήσια, τά, charges on land, γ. δημόσια Refs 1st c.AD+

δῐ-λογος, ον, double-tongued, doubtful, NT

δολόω, beguile, ensnare, take by craft, Refs 5th c.BC+; δολοῦν τινὰ γάμοις beguile by the anticipation of.., Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, Refs:—passive, Refs 8th c.BC+ __II disguise, μορφήν Refs; adulterate incense, wine, etc., Refs 1st c.AD+; alloy, Refs 2nd c.AD+; dye, τὰ ἔρια Refs 2nd c.AD+

ἐπίορκ-ος, ον, sworn falsely, of oaths, εἰ δέ τι τῶνδ᾽ ἐπίορκον 8th c.BC: Ilias Homerus Epicus “Illiad” 19.264: frequently in the phrase ἐπίορκον ὀμόσσαι take a false oath, swear falsely, Refs; in full, ἐπίορκον ὅρκον ὤμοσε Refs he swore a bootless oath, i.e. one which he meant to fulfil, but the gods willed otherwise. __II. of persons, forsworn, perjured, Refs: superlative -ότατος 5th c.BC: Antipho Orator 6.48. adverb -κως 2nd c.AD: Herodianus Grammaticus 6.9.2.

κατασοφ-ίζομαι, outwit by sophisms or fallacies, with accusative person, LXX+1st c.BC+: with genitive, Ael.in Refs 3rd c.BC+ —also as passive, to be outwitted, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 κ. τι περί τινων evade by quibbling, Refs __3 falsify, Refs 1st c.AD+

κολᾰκ-εία, ἡ, flattery, fawning, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ κολακείας, title of treatise by Refs 1st c.BC+

πλαστός, ή, όν, formed, moulded, especially in clay or wax, γυνή Refs 8th c.BC+; π. εἰκών statue, opposed to painting, Refs 1st c.AD+ __2 that can easily be moulded, plastic, Refs 4th c.BC+; in a thick paste, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II metaphorically, fabricated, forged, counterfeit, ἐκ λόγου πλαστοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+; π. βακχεῖαι sham inspirations, Refs 5th c.BC+; πλαστὸς πατρί a supposititious son, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. ἐπιχείρημα hypothetical case, Refs 2nd c.AD+ adverb -τῶς, opposed to ὄντωςRefs 5th c.BC+; opposed to ἀληθῶς, Refs; π. ὀδυρόμενοι feignedly, Refs 5th c.BC+ __III see at {πλατός}.

ψευδ-ώνῠμος, ον, under a false name, falsely called, Ὑβριστὴν ποταμὸν οὐ ψευδώνυμον NT+4th c.BC+ adverb -μως by a false name, ψ. σε δαίμονες Προμηθέα καλοῦσιν Refs 4th c.BC+

ψεῦσ-μα, ατος, τό, lie, untruth, fraud, εὐτυχέστατον ψεῦσμα ἐψευσμένος Refs 5th c.BC+ __II τοὺς ἐπὶ τῆς ῥινὸς φυομένους ἰόνθους Σικελιῶται ψεύσματα ἔλεγον Refs 3rd c.BC+

† אֹ֫מֶן n.[m.] faithfulness; אֱמוּנָה אֹמֶן perfect faithfulness (faithfulness, faithfulness) Is 25:1.

† [אָרְבָּה] n.f. artifice, pl. cstr. אָרְבוֹת ידיו Is 25:11 (lit. tricks of his hands).

† [חֲלַקָּה] n.f. smoothness, flattery, only pl. abs.: fine promises, יַחֲנִיף בַּחֲלַקּ֑וֹת Dn 11:32 (perhaps directly from חָלָק, exceptional pl., cf. גְּמַלִּים, קְטַנָּה, קְטַנִּים, קְטַנּוֹת).

† [כְּדַב] adj. false (𝔗 Syriac; v. BH כזב);—fs. abs. מִלָּה כִדְבָה Dn 2:9 (> n. appos. K 175 M 66*).

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† מַשָּׁאוֹן n.[m.] guile, dissimulation (> according to LagBN 196 der. from מַשָּׁא, lending on usury); תִּכַּסֶּה שִׂנְאָה בְּמַשָּׁאוֹן Pr 26:26 hatred may hide itself with dissimulation.

† II. עָקֵב adj. verb. overreacher, ψ 49:6 עֲוֹן עֲקֵבַי יְסֻבֵנִי i.e. of those who would take some insidious advantage of me.

† [עֹ֫רֶם] n.[m.] craftiness;—sf. בְּעָרְמָם Jb 5:13 (possibly from עָרְמָה Ges§ 91 e al.).

† ק֫שֶׁט n.[m.?] bow;—ψ 60:6, Aramaic form of קֶשֶׁת, q.v. (ט for ת after ק).

† רַמְיָה n.pr.m. (proposes י׳ hath loosened?);—one with foreign wife Ezr 10:25, Ραμιά(ς).