יַ֫יִן141 H3196
Wine — fermented grape beverage used in daily life, worship offerings, festive celebration, and cautionary warnings against excess
Yayin is the standard Hebrew word for wine, appearing 141 times across every genre of Scripture. It enters the narrative as early as Noah's vineyard (Gen 9:21) and pervades daily life: Melchizedek brings bread and wine to Abram (Gen 14:18), it accompanies provision and hospitality (Judg 19:19; 2 Sam 16:2), and the prophets promise it as a sign of restored blessing (Amos 9:14; Hos 14:8). Yet the same word carries sober warnings — excess leads to shame (Gen 9:21), mockery (Prov 20:1), and ruin (Isa 5:11-12). The cognates across Semitic languages (Ethiopic wayn, Arabic wayn, Akkadian inu) confirm an ancient, shared viticulture vocabulary.
Senses
1. wine (fermented grape juice) — Fermented grape beverage, the primary Hebrew term for wine across all its social, cultic, and literary contexts. It appears in scenes of daily refreshment (Gen 14:18; Judg 19:19), as a prescribed element in drink offerings (Num 15:5-10), as a symbol of joy and divine blessing (Ps 104:15; Amos 9:14), and as a source of moral danger when abused (Prov 20:1; 23:30-31). Spanish 'vino,' French 'vin,' and German 'Wein' all descend from the same ancient root, reflecting the deep cultural continuity of this beverage across the Mediterranean and Near Eastern world. 141×
AR["خَمراً", "خَمرًا", "خَمرٍ", "خَمْرًا", "خَمْرٌ", "خَمْرٍ"]·ben["দ্রাক্ষারস", "দ্রাক্ষারস।", "দ্রাক্ষারসের", "মদ", "মদ্য"]·DE["Wein", "mit-Wein", "von-Wein"]·EN["of-wine", "wine"]·FR["de-vin", "vin"]·heb["יַיִן", "יין"]·HI["दअखरश", "दखरस", "दाख", "दाखमधु", "दाखमधु-की", "दाखरस", "दाखरस-का", "दाखरस-की"]·ID["anggur"]·IT["di-vino", "vino"]·jav["Anggur", "anggur"]·KO["포도주", "포도주-를", "포도주-의", "포도주가", "포도주를", "포도주와", "포도주의"]·PT["Vinho", "vinho"]·RU["вина", "вино", "вином"]·ES["Vino", "vino"]·SW["Divai", "Iin", "cha-divai", "divai", "mvinyo", "na-akasimama", "na-tutakaa", "usiku"]·TR["şarabı", "şarabın", "şarap"]·urd["شراب", "شراب-کی", "مَے", "مَے-کا", "می", "مے", "مے-کا"]
Related Senses
H8081 1. oil (substance) (180×)H1706 1. honey (54×)H4682 1. unleavened bread/cakes (53×)H2461 1. milk (42×)H8492 1. new wine / must (38×)H0400 1. food, nourishment (36×)G3631 1. wine (34×)H3978 1. food, nourishment (30×)H1314 1. spice / perfume / balsam (29×)H7416 1. pomegranate (fruit/ornament) (28×)H3323 1. fresh oil, olive oil (23×)H2964 1. prey, torn flesh (19×)H3899 2. food, sustenance (19×)G1033 1. food (17×)G5160 1. food (16×)H5561 1. spices, aromatic substances (16×)H0402 1. food, nourishment (14×)G2219 1. leaven (13×)H4478a 1. manna (13×)G1637 1. olive oil (11×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
יַ֫יִן141 n.m. ψ 75:9 wine (NH id.; Ethiopic ወይን vitis, vinea, vinum; Arabic وَيْنٌ (black) grapes, v. HomZMG 1889, 654; Sab. וין vineyard, MordtZMG 1887, 364 Homl.c. 659 (both after Glaser); Assyrian înu in vocabularies, but this loan-word from western Semites, according to HomAufsätze 102; JenZA i. 186 f., ZMG 1890, 705 argues to the contrary)—abs. יַ֫יִן Gn 9:21 + 84 times; יָ֑יִן Gn 14:18 +…