H2891 H2891
Be clean or pure; in Piel, cleanse or pronounce clean; in Hitpael, purify oneself — of ritual, moral, and physical purity.
A foundational purity verb spanning ritual law, moral theology, and even physical healing. In the Qal it describes the state of being clean — whether a leper healed by washing in the Jordan (2 Kgs 5:10-14) or a vessel rendered fit after contamination (Lev 11:32). The Piel carries a double force: factitive (actively purifying, as when God promises 'I will cleanse you,' Ezek 36:25) and declarative (the priest's formal pronouncement of cleanness in Lev 13-14). The Hitpael captures the reflexive act of self-purification, as when Jacob's household purified themselves before Bethel (Gen 35:2). Multilingual glosses reveal the breadth: German distinguishes 'rein sein' (be clean) from 'reinigen' (cleanse), while Spanish moves from 'estar puro' to 'purificar' to 'declarar puro.'
Senses
1. Qal: be clean, be pure — Qal stative: to be or become ritually, morally, or physically clean. The subject undergoes or achieves a state of purity — a leper after immersion (Lev 14:8-9), an object after sunset washing (Lev 11:32), or a woman after her purification period (Lev 12:7-8). German 'rein sein' and Spanish 'estar puro' both capture this stative quality. Most occurrences cluster in Levitical purity legislation. 35×
AR["طَهُرَتْ","وَ-تَطْهُرُ","وَ-يَتَطَهَّرُ","وَ-يَطْهُرُ","وَأَطْهُرُ","وَاطْهُرْ","وَتَطْهُرُ","وَيَطْهُرُ","يَتَطَهَّرُ","يَطْهُرُ"]·ben["এবং-শুচি-হবে","এবং-শুচি-হবে।","এবং-শুদ্ধ-হও","এবং-শুদ্ধ-হতাম","এবং-শুদ্ধ-হবে","এবং-সে-শুদ্ধ-হবে","শুচি-হবে","শুচি-হয়","সে-শুদ্ধ-হবে"]·DE["er-soll-sein-rein","ist-rein","sie-ist-rein","und-er-ist-rein","und-sein-rein","und-sie-soll-sein-rein"]·EN["and-be-clean","and-he-is-clean","and-she-shall-be-clean","he-shall-be-clean","is-clean","she-is-clean"]·FR["elle-est-pur","est-pur","et-elle-devra-être-pur","et-il-est-pur","et-être-pur","il-devra-être-pur"]·heb["ו-טהר","ו-טהרה","ו-טהרתי","טהרה","יטהר"]·HI["अपने वस्त्र","उस पर","और-शुद्ध होगा","और-शुद्ध-हो","और-शुद्ध-होऊँ","और-शुद्ध-होगा","फिर-शुद्ध-होगा","वह-शुद्ध-होगा","शुद्ध होगा","शुद्ध होगी","शुद्ध होने वाले"]·ID["akan-menjadi-tahir","dan-menjadi-tahir","dan-tahir","dan-tahirlah.","dan-tahirlah;","lalu-dia-tahir","maka-dia-tahir","tahir"]·IT["e-egli-e-puro","e-ella-dovra-essere-puro","e-essere-puro","e-puro","egli-dovra-essere-puro","ella-e-puro"]·jav["lan-dados-suci","lan-resik","lan-suci","lan-suci,","sampun-suci","suci"]·KO["그가-깨끗해질-것이다","그리고-깨끗하게-되겠다-내-가","그리고-깨끗하게-되라","그리고-깨끗하다","그리고-깨끗해질-것이다","그리고-정결하리라","그리고-정결할-것이다","정결하면"]·PT["e-estará-puro","e-puro","e-serei-limpo","e-será-pura","e-será-puro","e-sê-limpo","estará-puro","purificar-se"]·RU["и-будет-чиста","и-очистись","и-очистится","и-очистишься","и-очищусь","и-чист","и-чист-будет","и-чисто","очистилась","очистится"]·ES["estará-puro","se-purificare","y-estará-puro","y-será-pura","y-será-purificada","y-será-puro","y-serás-limpio","y-seré-limpio","y-sé-limpio"]·SW["ametakaswa","atakapotakaswa","atakuwa-safi","na-atakuwa-safi","na-atatakaswa","na-itakuwa-safi","na-kitakuwa-safi","na-niwe-safi","na-uwe-safi"]·TR["arınırsa","temiz-olacak","ve-arınacak","ve-temiz-ol","ve-temiz-olacagim","ve-temiz-olacak","ve-temiz-olsun"]·urd["اور-پاک-ہو","اور-پاک-ہوگا","اور-پاک-ہوگی","اور-پاک-ہوںگا","پاک-ہو","پاک-ہوگا"]
2. Piel factitive: cleanse, purify — Piel factitive: to actively cleanse, purify, or make clean. The agent performs a purifying action on a person, place, or object. God is often the subject in prophetic texts — 'I will cleanse you from all your impurities' (Ezek 36:25, 37:23). The priests cleanse the altar (Lev 16:19) and the Levites are purified for service (Num 8:6-7). Spanish 'purificar' and German 'reinigen' reflect this causative force. 29×
AR["أُطَهِّرُكُمْ","تَطْهِيرِي","طَهِّرْنِي","فَ-طَهَّرَتْهَا","فَطَهَّرُوا","لِ-تَطْهِيرِهِمْ","لِ-يُطَهِّرَ","لِـ-يُطَهِّرُوا","لِيُطَهِّرَ","وَ-تُطَهِّرُهُمْ","وَ-طَهَّروا","وَ-طَهَّرَ","وَ-طَهِّرْهُمْ","وَ-يُطَهِّرُهُ","وَ-يُطَهِّرُونَ","وَأُطَهِّرُهُمْ","وَيُطَهِّرُونَ","يُطَهِّرُ"]·ben["আর-তাদের-শুদ্ধ-করল","আর-পবিত্র-করল","আর-শুদ্ধ-করব","আর-শুদ্ধ-করবে","এবং-তারা-শুদ্ধ-করবে","এবং-শুচি-করবে-তাকে","এবং-শুদ্ধ-করবে","ও-তিনি-শুদ্ধ-করলেন","তাদের-শুদ্ধ-করতে","তাদের-শুদ্ধ-করতে।","শুচি-করতে","শুদ্ধ-কর-আমাকে","শুদ্ধ-করতে","শুদ্ধ-করব","শুদ্ধ-করায়"]·DE["[ויטהרו]","[ותטהרם]","cleanse-mich","reinigen","und-du-soll-reinigen","und-lass-reinigen-es","und-reinigen","zu-reinigen","zu-reinigen-ihnen"]·EN["I-will-cleanse","and-I-will-cleanse","and-cleanse","and-clears-them","and-he-purified","and-let-cleanse-it","and-purify","and-they-purified","and-they-will-cleanse","and-you-shall-purify","cleanse-me","my-cleansing","to-cleanse","to-purify","to-purify-them"]·FR["[אטהר]","[וטהרו]","[וטהרתי]","[טהרי]","et-laisse-purifier-cela","et-purifier","et-purifier-eux","et-tu-devra-purifier","purifier","à-purifier","à-purifier-eux","être-pur"]·heb["אטהר","ו-טהרו","ו-טהרת","ו-טיהרו","ו-טיהרתי","ו-יטהר","ו-יטהרו","ו-תטהרם","טהרי","טהרני","ל-טהר","ל-טהרם"]·HI["उनके","और-उन्होंने-शुद्ध-किया","और-उसने-शुद्ध-किया","और-पवित्र-किया","और-वे-शुद्ध-करेंगे","और-शुद्ध करेगा","और-शुद्ध-कर","और-शुद्ध-करेंगे","और-शुद्ध-किया-उन्हें","मूर्तियों","मेरे-शुद्ध-करने","शुदध-करने-के-लिये","शुद्ध करने के लिए","शुद्ध-कर-मुझे","शुद्ध-करने","शुद्ध-करने-के-लिए","शुद्ध-करने-के-लिए-उनको","शुद्ध-करने-के-लिए-उन्हें"]·ID["Aku-mentahirkan","dan-Aku-akan-mentahirkan","dan-membersihkannya","dan-mentahirkan","dan-mentahirkannya","dan-mereka-akan-mentahirkan","dan-mereka-menyucikan","dan-tahirkanlah","untuk-mentahirkan","untuk-mentahirkan-mereka"]·IT["a-purificare","a-purificare-loro","e-e-clears-loro-loro","e-lascia-purificare-esso","e-purificare","e-tu-dovra-purificare","purificare","purifico'"]·jav["Ingsun-nucikaken","ingkang-piyambakipun-mlebet","kangge-nucekaken","kanggé-nucèni","kanggé-nyucekaken","kanggé-nyucèkaken","lajeng-sami-nyucekaken","lan-Ingsun-nucikaken","lan-ngresiki","lan-nucèkaken","lan-nyucekaken","lan-nyucèkaken","lan-panjenengan-nucekaken","lan-piyambakipun-nucikaken","lan-sami-nyucekakén","nyucèkaken"]·KO["그리고-그가-정결하게-했다","그리고-그것들이-정결하게-할-것이다","그리고-맑게-하였다-그것들을","그리고-정결하게-했다","그리고-정결하게하겠다","그리고-정결하게하라","그리고-정결하게할-것이다","그리고-정결하게할것이다","그리고-정결할-것이다-그것을","내가-깨끗하게-하리라","을-정결하게-하려고","정결하게-하기-위해","정결하게-하다","정결하게-하소서","정결하게하기-위하여-그들을"]·PT["e-os-purificou.","e-purificaram","e-purificarei","e-purificará-o","e-purificarás","e-purificarão","e-purificou","para-purificar","para-purificá-los","purifica-me","purificar-eu","purificarei"]·RU["для-очищения","и-очисти","и-очистил","и-очистил-их","и-очистили","и-очистит-его","и-очистишь","и-очистят","и-очищу","очисти-меня","очистить","очищать","очищения-Моего","очищу","чтобы-очистить-их"]·ES["a-purificar","límpiame","os-purificaré","para-purificar","para-purificarlos","purificar-yo","y-lo-purificará","y-los-limpió","y-los-purificaré","y-purificaron","y-purificarán","y-purificarás","y-purificó"]·SW["kutakasa","kuwatakasa","ltaher","na-akasafisha","na-ataitakasa","na-umeyasafisha","na-uwatakase","na-wakatoharisha","nao-wataitakasa","nitawasafisha","nitawatakasa","unitakase","wataitakasa","ya-kuwasafisha"]·TR["-için-arındırmak","arındır-beni","arındıracağım","arındırmak-için","arındırmamın","temizlemek-için","temizlemeye","ve-arındıracak-onu","ve-arındıracaklar","ve-arındıracaksın","ve-arındıracağım","ve-arındırdılar","ve-temizledi","ve-temizledi-onları"]·urd["اور-صاف کیا انہیں","اور-پاک-کر","اور-پاک-کروں-گا-میں","اور-پاک-کریں-گے","اور-پاک-کرے-اسے","اور-پاک-کیا","پاک-کر-مجھے","پاک-کرنا","پاک-کرنے-کو","پاک-کرنے-کو-اُنہیں","پاک-کرنے-کے-لیے","پاک-کروں-گا","پاک-کروں-گا-میں"]
Lev 14:11, Lev 16:19, Lev 16:30, Num 8:6, Num 8:7, Num 8:15, Num 8:21, 2 Chr 29:15, 2 Chr 29:16, 2 Chr 29:18, 2 Chr 34:3, 2 Chr 34:5 (+17 more)
3. Hitpael: purify oneself — Hitpael reflexive: to purify oneself, undergo self-purification. The subject takes deliberate action to achieve ritual cleanness, often in preparation for worship or sacred encounter. Jacob commands his household to purify themselves (Gen 35:2); the returned exiles and Levites purify themselves for the Passover (Ezra 6:20; Neh 12:30). Korean glosses use reflexive constructions paralleling this middle voice. 20×
AR["الْمُتَطَهِّرَ","الْمُتَطَهِّرُ","الْمُتَطَهِّرِ","تَطَهَّرَ","لِلْمُتَطَهِّرِ","مُتَطَهِّرِينَ","نَتَطَهَّرْ","وَ-تَطَهَّروا","وَ-تَطَهَّرُوا","وَ-يَتَطَهَّرُونَ","وَالْمُتَطَهِّرُونَ","يَتَطَهَّرُوا"]·ben["-এবং-যারা-নিজেদের-শুদ্ধ-করে","আর-পবিত্র-করল","আর-শুদ্ধ-হও","এবং-শুদ্ধ-হবে।","পবিত্রকারী","শুচি-করেছিলেন","শুচি-হয়েছিল","শুচিতাকারীর-জন্য","শুদ্ধ-হইনি","সেই-শুচিতাকারী","সেই-শুচিতাকারীর"]·DE["[הטהרו]","[והמטהרים]","[ויטהרו]","[מטהרים]","der-eins-seiend-reinigte","fuer-der-eins-seiend-reinigte","reinigen","und-reinigen-sich-selbst","und-reinigt-euch","wir-reinigte-uns-selbst"]·EN["and-purified-themselves","and-purify-themselves","and-purify-yourselves","and-the-ones-purifying-themselves","for-the-one-being-cleansed","had-purified-themselves","purifying-themselves","the-one-being-cleansed","they-had-cleansed-themselves","we-cleansed-ourselves"]·FR["[והמטהרים]","et-purifier","et-purifier-eux-mêmes","et-purifier-vous-mêmes","le-un-étant-purifia","nous-purifia-nous-mêmes","pour-le-un-étant-purifia","purifier"]·heb["ה-מטהר","הטהרו","היטהרנו","ו-ה-מיטהרים","ו-הטהרו","ו-יטהרו","ל-ה-למטהר","מטהרים"]·HI["अपने-आप-को-शुद्ध-करें","और-अपने-आपको-पवित्र-किया","और-पर","और-शुद्ध-करने-वाले","और-शुद्ध-हो-जाओ","और-शुद्ध-हों","दाहिनी","प्रायश्चित करने के लिए","शुद्ध होने वाला","शुद्ध होने वाले","शुद्ध होने वाले के लिए","शुद्ध-किए-थे","शुद्ध-हुए","शुद्ध-हुए-थे"]·ID["bagi-yang-ditahirkan","dan-menjadi-tahir","dan-menyucikan-diri","dan-tahirkanlah-diri-mu","dan-yang-mentahirkan-diri","kita-menyucikan-diri","mentahirkan-diri","menyucikan-diri","yang-ditahirkan","yang-menyucikan-diri"]·IT["e-purificare","e-purificare-se-stessi","e-purificare-voi-stessi","il-uno-essendo-purifico","noi-purificò-noi-stessi","per-il-uno-essendo-purifico","purificare"]·jav["Lajeng-sami-nyucekaken","ingkang-dipunsucekaken","kangge-tiyang-ingkang-dipunsucekaken","lan-ngresiki","lan-piyambakipun-dados-resik","lan-suceni-awakipun","ngresikih","nucèkaken-dhiri","nyucèni-awakipun","sampun-nucekaken","tiyang-ingkang-dipunsucekaken"]·KO["그리고-깨끗이-하라","그리고-정결하게-하는-자들이","그리고-정결하게-했다","그리고-정결해지라","쌕결하는-자를","쌕결하는-자의","정결하게-하는-자들이","정결하게-하였다","정결하게하였다","정결하는","정결하는-자가","정결하는-자를","정결하는-자를-위하여","정결하는-자에게","정결하는-자의"]·PT["E-purificaram-se","e-os-que-se-purificam","e-purificai-vos","e-purificar-se-ão","nos-purificamos","o-que-se-purifica","para-o-que-se-purifica","purificando-se","purificaram-se"]·RU["для-очищающегося","и-hа-очищающиеся","и-очистились","и-очиститесь","и-очистятся","очистились","очищающегося","очищающийся","очищающимися"]·ES["Y-se-purificaron","el-que-se-purifica","nos-purificamos","para-el-que-se-purifica","purificándose","se-habían-purificado","se-purificaron","y-los-que-se-purifican","y-purifíquense","y-se-purificarán"]·SW["Na-walijitoharisha","[וְהִֽטַּהֲר֔וּ]","anayetakaswa","hiteּharwּ","jitakasa","kwa-mtu-anayetakaswa","na-wajitakase","na-wanaojitahirisha","wakijitoharisha","walijitakasa"]·TR["arinanlarti","arınan","arınan-için","arınanlar","arınanın","arınanın-üzerine","arındık","arınmışlardı","ve-arınanlar","ve-arındılar","ve-arınsınlar","ve-temizlenin"]·urd["اور-طہارت-حاصل-کرنے-والے","اور-پاک-ہو","اور-پاک-ہوئے","اور-پاک-ہوں","لئے-پاک-ہونے-والے-کے","پاک-کرنے-والے","پاک-ہوئے","پاک-ہوئے-تھے","پاک-ہونے-والا-نے","پاک-ہونے-والے","پاک-ہونے-والے-کے"]
4. Piel declarative: pronounce clean — Piel declarative: to pronounce or declare ritually clean. A technical priestly term where the priest formally declares a person or object free from impurity, concentrated almost entirely in Leviticus 13-14's skin-disease legislation. The priest examines and then 'pronounces clean' (Lev 13:6, 13, 17). German 'rein erklären' (declare clean) and Spanish 'declarar puro' precisely capture this performative speech-act, distinct from the factitive sense of actually making something clean. 10×
AR["لِتَطْهِيرِهِ","وَ-يُطَهِّرُ","وَ-يُطَهِّرُهُ"]·ben["এবং-শুচি-ঘোষণা-করবে","এবং-শুচি-ঘোষণা-করবে-তাকে","এবং-শুচি-বলবে","এবং-শুচি-বলবে-তাকে","শুচি-ঘোষণা-করতে-তা"]·DE["und-er-soll-erklaeren-rein","und-soll-erklaeren-rein","und-soll-erklaeren-rein-ihn","zu-erklaeren-rein-es"]·EN["and-he-shall-pronounce-clean","and-shall-pronounce-clean","and-shall-pronounce-clean-him","to-pronounce-clean-it"]·FR["et-devra-pronounce-pur","et-devra-pronounce-pur-lui","et-il-devra-pronounce-pur","à-pronounce-pur-cela"]·heb["ו-טהר","ו-טהרו","ל-טהרו"]·HI["उसके शरीर","उसे","और-शुद्ध ठहराएगा","और-शुद्ध है","याजक","वह","सफेद में"]·ID["dan-mentahirkannya","dan-menyatakan-tahir","untuk-menyatakan-tahir"]·IT["a-dichiarare-puro-esso","e-dovra-dichiarare-puro","e-dovra-dichiarare-puro-lui","e-egli-dovra-dichiarare-puro"]·jav["kangge-ndadosaken-resik","lan-ndadosaken-resik"]·KO["그리고-정결케-하리라","그리고-정결케-하리라-그를","그리고-정결하다-선언할-것이다","그리고-정결하다-선언할-것이다-그를","정결하다-하기-위해"]·PT["e-declarará-puro","e-declarará-puro-o","para-declarar-puro-o"]·RU["и-очистит","и-очистит-его","и-пусть-объявит-чистым","и-пусть-объявит-чистым-его","чтобы-объявить-чистым-его"]·ES["para-declararlo-puro","y-declarará-pura","y-declarará-puro","y-lo-declarará-puro"]·SW["kuitakasa","na-atamtakasa","na-atatakasa"]·TR["temiz-ilan-etmek-için","ve-temiz-ilan-edecek","ve-temiz-ilan-edecek-onu"]·urd["اور-پاک-ٹھہرائےگا","اور-پاک-ٹھہرائےگا-اُسے","لئے-پاک-ٹھہرانے-کے"]
5. sense 5 — A single Pual (or anomalous Piel passive) occurrence in Ezekiel 22:24, describing a land 'not cleansed' — that is, not purified or rained upon in the day of indignation. English 'cleansed' and Spanish 'purificada' treat it as a passive of the factitive Piel, and it fits best as a passive counterpart to sense 2. 1×
AR["مُطَهَّرَةٌ"]·ben["শুদ্ধ-করা"]·DE["reinigen"]·EN["cleansed"]·FR["[מטהרה]"]·heb["מטוהרה"]·HI["शुद्ध-की-गई"]·ID["ditahirkan"]·IT["purificare"]·jav["dipun-resihi"]·KO["정결하게-된"]·PT["purificada"]·RU["очищенная"]·ES["purificada"]·SW["safishwa"]·TR["temizlenmiş"]·urd["پاک-کی-گئی"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)H3548 1. priest, cultic officiant (750×)G5547 1. Christ, Messiah, Anointed One (540×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H5030 1. Prophet, divine spokesperson (317×)H5930a 1. burnt offering (sacrifice) (286×)H3881 1. Levites (priestly class) (283×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)G4396 1. prophet, spokesperson of God (146×)H6944 1. sanctuary, holy place (129×)G0749 1. high priest, chief priest (123×)H6944 2. holiness, sacredness (abstract quality) (123×)H2076 1. Qal: offer sacrifice (cultic) (116×)G5330 1. Pharisee (99×)G0040 1. the Holy One, Holy Spirit (98×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† טָהֵר vb. be clean, pure (Arabic طَهَرَ, طَهُرَ id.; NH id., Pi. make or declare ceremonially clean; Aramaic טְהַר emptiness, טִיהֲרָא brightness; Sab. טהר Hal 682; Ethiopic አጥሀረ, ተጣሀረ purify, wash oneself with water)— Qal Pf. ט׳ Lv 11:32 + 12 times; 3 fs. טָֽהֲרָה Lv 12:7; 15:28; טָהֵ֑רָה Lv 12:8 etc., + 5 times Pf.; Impf. יִטְהַר Lv 15:13 Jb 4:17 etc., + 9 times Impf.; Imv. טְהָ֑ר 2 K 5:10,…