H2865 H2865
Ser quebrantado o desalentado; quebrar en pedazos; en causativo, aterrorizar o causar pavor ante un poder abrumador. Enraizado en la imagen concreta d
Ser quebrantado o desalentado; quebrar en pedazos; en causativo, aterrorizar o causar pavor ante un poder abrumador. Enraizado en la imagen concreta de algo que se quiebra o se hace pedazos, este verbo se extiende poderosamente al ámbito emocional del terror paralizante y el desaliento. En las grandes fórmulas de ánimo de Deuteronomio y Josué, se dice repetidamente a Israel que no «desmaye» (Dt 1:21; Jos 1:9), donde el español traduce consistentemente «desmayar», captando la idea del coraje que se derrumba ante el miedo. La forma causativa Hifil aparece en pasajes impactantes como Job 7:14 («Me espantas con sueños») y Jeremías 1:17, donde Dios advierte al profeta que no se quebrante ante sus oponentes, no sea que Dios mismo lo quebrante. El sentido físico de ser roto o aplastado (Is 8:9; 30:31) constituye la base experiencial de la que brota el significado emocional.
Sentidos
1. Estar desalentado o aterrorizado — El sentido emocional dominante — Estar desalentado o aterrorizado — El sentido emocional dominante: llenarse de pavor, terror o desaliento que paraliza la acción. Es el verbo de la exhortación en el campo de batalla: «no temas ni desmayes» (Jos 1:9; Dt 31:8). El español «desmayar» (perder el ánimo) revela el colapso interior de la voluntad que esta palabra describe. Aparece característicamente en pares con יָרֵא ('temer'). 34×
amh["እና-ይፈራሉ"]·AR["ارْتَعَبُوا", "ارْتَعَدَ", "اِنْسَحَقَتْ", "تَرتَعِبْ", "تَرْتَعُ", "تَرْتَعِبُوا", "تَرْتَعِبْ", "فَيَرْتَعِبُونَ", "و-يرتعب", "وَ-ارْتَعَبُوا", "يَرْتَعِبُ"]·ben["আর-চূর্ণ-হবে", "এবং-ভয়-পাবে", "এবং-ভেঙ্গে-পড়ল", "ও-ভীত-হবে", "চূর্ণ-হয়েছে", "ত্রস্ত-হও", "ভয়-কর", "ভীত", "ভেঙে-পড়ত", "সন্ত্রস্ত-হও", "সে-ভীত-হয়", "হতাশ-হও", "হতাশা-করো"]·ces["a-zděsí-se"]·dan["Og-de-skal-forfærdes,"]·DE["Und-verzagen-werden", "[יחת]", "[נחת]", "erschrecken", "sein-verzagt", "und-erschrecken", "und-sie-waren-dismayed", "unter"]·ell["Και-θα-κατατρομαχθούν"]·EN["and-they-were-dismayed", "and-they-will-be-dismayed", "and-will-be-dismayed", "are-shattered", "be-dismayed", "it-is-dismayed", "they-were-dismayed", "was-shattered", "you-shall-be-dismayed"]·FR["Et-seront-consternés", "[תחתו]", "effrayer", "et-ils-furent-dismayed", "et-trembler", "sous", "trembler", "être-brisé", "être-dismayed"]·guj["અને-ગભરાશે"]·hat["e-vanyan"]·hau["za-a-firgita"]·heb["ו-חתו", "ו-נחתו", "וחתו", "חתו", "יחת", "נחת", "תחת", "תחתו", "תיחת"]·HI["-घबरा", "और-टूटेंगे", "और-दरर-गये", "और-भयभीत-होंगे", "घबरा", "घबराओ", "चकित-हुए", "टूट-गईं", "वह-घबराता-है", "विनम्र", "हतोत्साहित-हो।"]·hun["és-megriadnak"]·ID["-gentar", "Dan-akan-gentar", "Dan-mereka-akan-terkejut", "dan-mereka-gemetar", "dan-mereka-menjadi-gentar", "gemetar", "gentar", "ia gentar", "mereka-ketakutan", "remuk", "terkejut"]·IT["E-saranno-atterriti", "e-essi-erano-dismayed", "e-spaventare", "essere-costernato", "essere-sgomento", "esso-è-dismayed", "sotto", "spaventare", "spaventarsi"]·jav["gemèter", "giris", "kuwatir", "lan-ajrih", "lan-badhé-ajrih", "lan-kaget", "lan-sami-giris", "nggrangsang", "nggégé", "piyambak-ipun-geter", "remuk"]·JA["そして恐れる"]·KO["경야했다", "그리고-놀랐다", "그리고-두려워하고", "그리고-두려워하리라", "그리고-두려워하리라-그들이", "낙심하라", "남담하라", "남심하라", "남아지도록", "놀라라", "놀라지-말라", "두려워하라", "두려워하였다", "두려워한다", "부서졌다"]·mar["आणि-घाबरतील"]·mya["နှင့်-ကြောက်လန့်မည်"]·nld["En-verslagen-zullen-worden"]·nor["Og-forferdet-blir"]·pnb["تے-ڈر-جان-گے"]·pol["I-strwożeni-zostaną"]·PT["E-ficarão-aterrados", "E-serão-aterrados", "aterraram-se", "aterrorizados", "desanimeis", "desanimes", "desmaieis", "e-assustaram-se", "e-serão-quebrantados", "prostrou-se", "se-aterroriza", "te-aterrorizes", "te-desanimes", "te-espantes"]·ron["Și-vor-fi-sfărâmați"]·RU["И-устрашатся", "и-смутились", "и-сокрушатся", "и-ужаснутся", "сокрушены", "сокрушён", "страшись", "страшитесь", "страшится", "ужасайся", "устрашайтесь"]·ES["Y-serán-quebrantados", "desmayes", "desmayéis", "destrozados", "fueron-quebrantados", "postrado", "se-aterroricen", "se-espanta", "te-acobardes", "te-atemorices", "te-aterrorices", "y-se-aterrorizaron", "y-serán-destrozados"]·SW["Na-wataogopa", "aliogopa", "anaogopa", "fanyike-na-hofu", "fanywe-kukata-tamaa", "moyo", "na-wakaogopa", "na-watashindwa", "na-watavunjwa", "teּchatּwּ", "tishike", "usivunjike-moyo", "utafadhaika", "vunje-moyo", "vunjike-moyo", "waliogopa", "zimevunjwa"]·swe["och-skall-förskräckas"]·tam["-மற்றும்-அஞ்சுவார்கள்"]·tel["మరియు-భయపడుదురు"]·tgl["at-matatakot"]·TH["และ-นักรบ-ของเจ้า"]·TR["Ve-yikilacaklar", "al", "ezildi", "korkarak-çökme", "saskin", "ve-değil", "ve-yıkılacaklar", "ve-yıldılar", "ve-yılgınlaşacak", "yıkıldı", "yıl", "yılma", "yılmayacaksın", "yılmayın", "yılır"]·ukr["-і-злякаються"]·urd["اور-خوفزدہ-ہو-جائیں", "اور-ڈریں-گے", "اور-گھبرائے", "خوف-کھا", "ٹوٹ-گئے", "ٹوٹا", "گھبرا", "گھبراؤ", "گھبراتا"]·VI["Và-sẽ-kinh-hãi"]·yor["Àti-àwọn-akọni-rẹ"]·yue["同埋驚恐"]·ZH["-必惊惶"]
Deut 1:21, Deut 31:8, Josh 1:9, Josh 8:1, Josh 10:25, 1 Sam 17:11, 2 Kgs 19:26, 1 Chr 22:13, 1 Chr 28:20, 2 Chr 20:15, 2 Chr 20:17, 2 Chr 32:7 (+22 más)
2. Ser quebrantado o destrozado — El sentido físico concreto de ser roto, destrozad — Ser quebrantado o destrozado — El sentido físico concreto de ser roto, destrozado o hecho pedazos. En Isaías 8:9, se provoca a las naciones tres veces con el imperativo «¡sed quebrantados!» — una declaración profética de su destrucción. En Isaías 30:31, Asiria «será quebrantada» por la voz del SEÑOR. Este sentido proporciona la metáfora raíz del campo semántico completo. 11×
AR["ارْتَعَبَ", "ارْتَعَبَتْ", "الْمُتَشَقِّقَةِ", "اِنْسَحَقَ", "تَحَطَّمَتْ", "تَنْقَضِي", "وَ-انكَسِرُوا", "وَارْتَعَبَتْ", "يَرْتَعِبُ"]·ben["এবং-ভীত-হয়েছে", "এবং-ভেঙে-পড়", "চীরণ-হয়েছে", "চূর্ণ-হয়েছে", "ভাঙবে", "ভীত-হবে", "ভীত-হয়েছে", "ভেঙে-পড়েছে", "ভেঙ্গে-পড়েছে"]·DE["erschrecken", "und-erschrecken", "unter"]·EN["and-be-shattered", "and-shattered", "are-shattered", "is-cracked", "is-shattered", "it-is-shattered", "shall-be-shattered", "will-be-broken"]·FR["et-trembler", "sous", "trembler"]·heb["ו-חותו", "ו-חתה", "חיתתה", "חת", "חתה", "יחת", "תחת"]·HI["और-चकनाचूर-हो-जाओ", "और-टूट-गया", "चटक-गई", "टूट-गए", "टूट-गया", "टूट-जाएगा", "टूटेगी"]·ID["dan-gemetar", "dan-telah-hancur", "diremukkan", "hancur", "ia-hancur", "retak", "terpatahkan", "terpukul"]·IT["e-spaventare", "sotto", "spaventare"]·jav["badhé-sirna", "gebèl", "giris", "lan-ajrih", "lan-pecaha", "remuk", "sampun-putung"]·KO["그리고-두려워하였다", "금이-갔다", "깨어지라", "두려워하였다-그것이", "두려워할-것이다", "부서졌다", "부서지리라"]·PT["aterrou-se", "e-foi-quebrada", "e-sede-quebrados", "foi-quebrada", "foi-quebrado", "que-ficou-abatida,", "será-aterrorizado", "será-quebrada"]·RU["будет-сокрушён", "и-сокрушена", "и-трепещите", "опустошённой", "сломаны", "сокрушится", "сокрушён"]·ES["destrozado", "destrozados", "está-destrozada", "está-destrozado", "que-se-resquebrajó", "se-quebrantará", "será-quebrantado", "y-destrozada", "y-sed-quebrantados"]·SW["amevunjwa", "atavunjika", "iliyovunjika", "imevunjika", "imevunjwa", "na-imevunjwa", "na-mtavunjwa", "zimevunjika"]·TR["dehsete-dusecek", "kirilacak", "kırıldı", "ve-kirilacaksiniz", "ve-yıkıldı", "yıkıldı", "çatladı"]·urd["اور-ٹوٹ-گیا", "اور-چکنا-چور-ہو", "توڑ-دی-گئیں", "دراڑ-پڑ-گئی-ہے", "وہ-ٹوٹ-گیا", "ٹوٹ-گیا", "ٹوٹے-گا", "ٹوٹے-گی"]
3. Aterrorizar o causar espanto — La dimensión causativa (Hifil/Piel) — Aterrorizar o causar espanto — La dimensión causativa (Hifil/Piel): aterrorizar, espantar o quebrantar activamente a alguien. En Job 7:14, el sufriente acusa directamente a Dios: «Me espantas con sueños». Jeremías 1:17 contiene un notable juego de palabras: Dios le dice a Jeremías que no se quebrante (תֵּחַת) ante ellos, no sea que Dios lo quebrante (אֲחִתְּךָ) ante ellos. 5×
AR["أَرعَبَنِي", "أُرْعِبَكَ", "فَأَرْعَبْتَني", "وَأُرْعِبُ", "يُرعِبُها"]·ben["এবং-আমি-ভীত-করব", "এবং-তুমি-ভয়-উৎপাদন-করেছ-আমাকে", "তোমাকে-ভয়-দেখাই", "ভয়-পাইয়ে-দেবে-তাদের", "ভীত-করত-আমাকে"]·DE["[וחתתני]", "[יחיתן]", "[יחתני]", "erschrecken", "und-erschrecken"]·EN["I-dismay-you", "and-I-will-shatter", "and-You-terrify-me", "terrified-me", "will-terrify-them"]·FR["effrayer", "et-trembler", "et-être-brisé", "trembler", "être-brisé-moi"]·heb["אחיתך", "ו-החתתי", "ו-היתתני", "יחיתן", "יחתני"]·HI["और-डराया-तूने-मुझे", "और-मैं-भयभीत-करूंगा", "घबराऊं-मैं-तुझे", "डराएगा-तुझे", "डराता-था-मुझे"]·ID["Aku-membuat-kamu-gentar", "Maka-Engkau-menakutiku", "akan-membuatmu-takut,", "dan-Aku-akan-membuat-gentar", "membuatku gentar"]·IT["e-e-You-terrify-me", "e-spaventare", "spaventare", "terrified-me-mio"]·jav["Kawula-ndadosaken-panjenengan-gégé", "badhé-nggegirisi", "lan-Ingsun-ndamel-giris", "lan-medeni-kawula", "nggegirisi-kula"]·KO["그리고-내가-두렵게-하리라", "그리고-두렵게-하신다-나를", "나를-두렵게-하였다", "내가-두렵게-하리라-너를", "두렵게-하니-그-들-을"]·PT["E-aterrarei", "aterroriza-me", "desanime-te", "e-assustas-me", "os-aterrorizará"]·RU["И-сокрушу", "Я-устрашил-тебя", "и-ужасаешь-меня", "страшило-меня", "устрашит-их"]·ES["entonces-me-espantas", "los-aterrorizará", "me-espantó", "y-aterrorizaré", "yo-te-aterrorice"]·SW["Na-nitawafadhaisha", "iliniogopesha", "na-unaniogofya", "nitakuvunja-moyo", "utawaogofya"]·TR["korkutacak-onları", "korkuttu-beni", "seni-çökerteyim", "ve-korkutacağım", "ve-korkuttun-beni"]·urd["اور-میں-دہشت-زدہ-کروں-گا", "اور-ڈراتا-ہے-تُو-مجھے", "دہشت زدہ کرتی تھی مجھے", "ڈرائے-گی-اُنہیں", "گھبرا-دوں-تجھے"]
4. Quebrantar (liberación divina) — Una única aparición en Isaías 9 — Quebrantar (liberación divina) — Una única aparición en Isaías 9:4 [Heb. 9:3] donde el verbo aparece en el contexto de la liberación divina: «la vara de su opresor, tú la quebrantaste». El español usa «quebrantaste», señalando la rotura victoriosa de un instrumento de opresión, fusionando el quebrantamiento físico con el espanto que produce en el opresor. 1×
AR["حَطَّمْتَ"]·ben["তুমি-ভেঙেছো"]·DE["erschrecken"]·EN["you-have-shattered"]·FR["trembler"]·heb["החיתות"]·HI["तूने-तोड़-दिया"]·ID["Engkau-telah-hancurkan"]·IT["spaventare"]·jav["Panjenengan-sampun-nyuwek"]·KO["꺾으셨으니"]·PT["quebraste"]·RU["сокрушил-Ты"]·ES["quebrantaste"]·SW["umevunja"]·TR["kirdin"]·urd["توڑ-دیا"]
Sentidos Relacionados
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)G2309 1. want, desire (166×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)
Referencia BDB / Léxico
† [חָתַת] vb. be shattered, dismayed (Assyrian ḫattu, terror, DlHWB 296; Talm. חִתִּית id.; Ethiopic ሐተተ is scrutari, examinare, v. DiLex. 105)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. חַת Je 50:2; 3 fs. חַ֫תָּה Je 14:4 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תָּה Je 48:1; 3 pl. חַ֫תּוּ Is 37:27 + 4 times, וְחַתּ֫וּ consec. Is 20:5 + 2 times, וָחָ֑תּוּ consec. Je 50:36; Impf. (Köi. 366) יֵחַת Is 7:8; 30:31, יֵחַ֑ת Jb 39:22, יֵחָ֑ת Is 31:4,…