H2786 H2786
to gnash or grind the teeth in rage or hostility
A vivid verb depicting the grinding or gnashing of teeth as an expression of fury and hostility. In the Psalms, the wicked gnash their teeth against the righteous (Ps 37:12), and in Job, the adversary gnashes his teeth against the sufferer (Job 16:9). Lamentations 2:16 captures enemies hissing and gnashing in triumph over Jerusalem's fall. The image is visceral and unmistakable across languages: Spanish 'rechinar/crujir,' French 'grincer,' all conveying the same grating, hostile gesture.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To gnash or grind the teeth as an expression of intense rage, hostility, or malicious intent directed against another person. All five occurrences are poetic, typically with 'teeth' (שִׁנַּיִם/שֵׁן) as instrument. The hostile gesture appears in lament (Job 16:9), imprecation (Ps 35:16), wisdom instruction (Ps 37:12; 112:10), and communal dirge (Lam 2:16). Multilingual glosses uniformly render the grating physical action: Spanish 'rechinar/crujir,' French 'grincer,' preserving the onomatopoeic force of the Hebrew root. 5×
AR["صَريرًا", "صَرَفَ", "وَصَرَفُوا-", "وَيَصْرُفُ", "يَصرُف"]·ben["এবং-দাঁত-কিড়মিড়-করেছে", "ও-দাঁত-ঘষে", "ঘষল", "সে-কড়মড়-করেছে", "সে-ঘর্ষণ-করবে"]·DE["[ויחרקו]", "[חרק]", "er-gnashes", "gnashing", "und-gnashes"]·EN["He-gnashes", "and-gnash", "and-gnashes", "gnashing", "he-gnashes"]·FR["[ויחרקו]", "et-grincer", "grincer", "חרק"]·heb["ו-חורק", "ו-יחרקו", "חרק", "יחרוק"]·HI["और-दांत-पीसते-हैं", "और-पीसता-है", "पीसते-हुए", "पीसा", "पीसेगा"]·ID["dan-mengertakkan", "ia-kertak", "menggertakkan"]·IT["Egli-gnashes", "[ויחרקו]", "arse", "e-arse"]·jav["lan-ngertakaken", "lan-piyambakipun-sami-kerot", "mlocot", "nyethot", "sami-ngertakaken"]·KO["갈리라", "갈았나니", "갈았나이다", "그리고-갈도다", "그리고-그들-이-갈았네"]·PT["e-range", "e-rangiram", "rangeram", "rangerá", "rangeu"]·RU["заскрежещет", "и-скрежещет", "и-скрежещут", "скрежетали", "скрежещет"]·ES["crujirá", "crujió", "rechina", "y-cruje", "y-crujen"]·SW["anasaga-meno", "atasaga", "kusaga-meno", "na-anasaga-meno", "na-kusaga-meno"]·TR["gıcırdatacak", "gıcırdattı", "gıcırdattılar", "ve-gıcırdattılar", "ve-gıcırdatır"]·urd["اور-دانت-پیستے", "اور-پیستا-ہے", "پیسا-ہے", "پیسنے-والے", "پیسے-گا"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† חָרַק vb. gnash or grind the teeth, only poet. (NH id.; Arabic حَرَقَ file, rub together, grate or grind (teeth); Aramaic ܚܰܪܶܩ id.)— Qal Pf. 3 ms. ח׳ Jb 16:9; Impf. יַחֲרֹק ψ 112:10; וַיַּחַרְקוּ־ La 2:16; Inf. abs. חָרֹק ψ 35:16; Pt. חֹרֵק ψ 37:12;—grind the teeth in rage against: ח׳ שׁניו על ψ 37:12; 35:16; abs. without על 112:10 La 2:16 (only here c. שֵׁן sing.); c. בְּ instr. (Ges§ 119. 3 b. R. DaSynt. § 73 R. 6) ח׳ בשׁניו על־ Jb 16:9.