H1782 H1782
and judges (Aramaic plural noun, legal officials in Artaxerxes's authorization to Ezra)
An Aramaic plural noun in Artaxerxes's decree (Ezra 7:25), authorizing Ezra to appoint magistrates and judges to administer Jewish law in the Trans-Euphrates province. The term appears in parallel with 'those who know the laws of your God,' indicating legal functionaries who would adjudicate according to Torah. This represents Persian imperial policy of allowing subject peoples judicial autonomy under their ancestral laws.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Ezra 7:25 records the royal authorization: 'Appoint magistrates and judges to judge all the people in Trans-Euphrates.' Spanish 'y jueces' (and judges) and English maintain the straightforward plural. The Aramaic form is recognizable across languages. The context is legal administration—Ezra may establish a Torah-based court system with Persian backing, showing the empire's pragmatic delegation of local governance. 1×
AR["وَ-دَيَّانِين"]·ben["আর-শাসনকর্তা"]·DE["[ודינין]"]·EN["and-judges"]·FR["[ודינין]"]·heb["ו-דינין"]·HI["और-न्यायकर्ता"]·ID["dan-para-penghulu"]·IT["[ודינין]"]·jav["lan-para-pejabat"]·KO["그리고-법관들"]·PT["e-árbitros"]·RU["и-законников"]·ES["y-jueces"]·SW["na-waamuzi"]·TR["ve-yargilari"]·urd["اور-منصفوں-کو"]
Related Senses
H4941 1. justice, righteousness (134×)H4941 2. judgment, judicial decision (119×)H4941 3. ordinances, statutes (plural) (110×)H8199 1. to judge, adjudicate (98×)G2919 1. judge, pass judgment (76×)H8199 2. judge (person, office-holder) (61×)G2920 1. judgment / condemnation (48×)H7378 1. Qal: quarrel, contend, strive (42×)H4941 4. prescribed ordinance, regulation (34×)G1832 1. it is lawful, it is permitted (32×)G2917 1. judgment, condemnation (27×)G2919 2. be judged, stand trial (27×)H5360 1. vengeance, retribution (27×)H7378 2. Qal: plead, defend, litigate (22×)G2723 1. accuse, bring charges against (20×)G2923 1. judge (one who judges/decides) (19×)G2632 1. condemn, pass judgment against (18×)H1777 1. judge, adjudicate (18×)H1576 1. recompense, retribution (17×)H5359 1. vengeance, retribution (17×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† [דַּיָּן] n.m. judge;—pl. דַּיָּנִין Ezr 7:25.