H1565 H1565
Barren, desolate, hard; describing what is unproductive, lonely, or gaunt.
An adjective evoking stark, unyielding barrenness — whether of a night wished to be joyless (Job 3:7), the congregation of the godless described as unfruitful (Job 15:34), or figures gaunt from famine (Job 30:3). Isaiah 49:21 applies it to exiled Zion personified as a bereaved, childless woman who is astonished to discover new children. The Arabic cognate jalmad ('rock, stony ground') grounds the word in the image of hard, unyielding terrain, while the Aramaic galmuda reinforces the sense of desolate isolation. Spanish captures the range nicely with both 'estéril' (barren) and 'desolada' (desolate).
Senses
1. sense 1 — Barren, desolate, hard — describes what is unproductive or stripped of life, used both literally and figuratively. The Arabic cognate jalmad ('rock, stony land') underlies the imagery of unyielding hardness. Applied to a joyless night (Job 3:7), the unfruitful company of the wicked (Job 15:34), famine-gaunt wanderers (Job 30:3), and exiled Zion as a bereaved woman (Isa 49:21). Spanish 'estéril' and 'desolada' together capture the spectrum from physical barrenness to emotional desolation. 4×
AR["عاقِرًا", "عقيمٌ", "عَاقِرٌ", "وَ-عَاقِرٌ"]·ben["এবং-নিঃসঙ্গ", "নিঃসঙ্গ", "বন্ধ্যা"]·DE["[גלמוד]", "[וגלמודה]"]·EN["and-barren", "barren"]·FR["[וגלמודה]", "solitude"]·heb["גלמוד", "ו-גלמודה"]·HI["अकेले", "और-अकेली", "बाँझ", "बांझ"]·ID["dan-mandul", "mandul"]·IT["[וגלמודה]", "barren"]·jav["gabug", "lan-gabug", "tanpa-putra"]·KO["고독하고", "그리고-고독하고", "외로운", "외로이"]·PT["e-estéril", "estéreis", "estéril"]·RU["бесплодно", "бесплодной", "бесплодные", "и-бесплодная"]·ES["desolada", "estéril", "estériles", "y-estéril"]·SW["na-tasa", "ni-tasa", "tasa"]·TR["kısır", "ve-kisilmiydim", "yalnız"]·urd["اور-بانجھی", "بانجھ", "بانجھ-ہے", "سوکھے ہوئے"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† גַּלְמוּד adj. hard, barren (NH id. lonely NHWB; Arabic جَلْمَدٌ rock, جَلْمَدَةٌ stony (of land); Aramaic גַּלְמוּדָה cf. BaNB 208)—ג׳ Jb 3:7 + 2 times Jb; f. גַּלְמוּדָה Is 49:21;—hard, barren, unproductive, mostly fig.: Jb 15:34 of company of wicked men, where prob. a subst. v. De Di; Jb 30:3 through want and famine (they are) stiff (lifeless; RV gaunt); of exiled Zion as bereaved and barren woman Is 49:21; so of night of Job’s birth Jb 3:7.