H1481b H1481b
To stir up strife, attack, assail; in Hitpael, to slash oneself — hostile action ranging from conflict to ritual self-laceration.
This is gur II, distinguished from the far more common gur I ('to sojourn, dwell as a stranger'). Where gur I conveys peaceful residence, gur II carries aggressive overtones: stirring up strife, gathering hostilely, or launching attacks. The Psalms deploy it in lament contexts — enemies lurk and assail (Ps 56:6; 59:3; 140:2) — while Isaiah 54:15 uses both the infinitive absolute and imperfect for emphasis: 'whoever stirs up strife against you shall fall.' A solitary Hitpael occurrence in Hosea 7:14, yitgoraru ('they slash themselves'), describes pagan mourning rituals of self-laceration, possibly linking to the related root garar or garah.
Senses
1. to stir up strife, attack, assail — To stir up strife, attack, or assail. In the Psalms of lament, David describes enemies who 'gather together' or 'attack' — yaguru in Ps 56:6 (lurking and watching his steps), Ps 59:3 (assembling against him without cause), and Ps 140:2 (stirring up wars). Spanish 'atacan' and 'se-reúnen' reflect both the hostile and gathering aspects. Isaiah 54:15 provides a theological assurance: gor yagor, an emphatic construction — 'whoever indeed stirs up strife, it is not from Me' — God distances himself from illegitimate aggression against his people. 6×
AR["تَغَرَّبَ", "مَنْ-يَجْتَمِعْ", "يَجتَمِعونَ", "يَجْتَمِعُ", "يَجْتَمِعُونَ"]·ben["কেউ-বাস-করে", "জড়ো-হয়", "তারা-জড়ো-হয়", "বাস-করে", "যদি"]·DE["[גור]", "[גר]", "[יגור]", "sie-angreifen", "sie-sammeln", "sie-stir-up"]·EN["attacking", "attacks", "he-attacks", "they-attack", "they-gather", "they-stir-up"]·FR["[גור]", "[גר]", "[יגור]", "séjourner"]·heb["גור", "גר", "יגור", "יגורו"]·HI["इकट्ठा-होता-है", "इकट्ठे-होते-हैं", "परदेशी-है", "यदि-कोई", "वे-इकट्ठा-होते-हैं"]·ID["menyerang", "mereka-mengumpulkan", "sungguh"]·IT["soggiorno'", "temere"]·jav["badhé-nyerang", "ingkang-nyerang", "kadursilanan", "manawi-wong-", "sami-ngumpul", "sedaya"]·KO["다투는-자가", "모였도다", "모이도다", "싸우기를-", "싸울지라도"]·PT["Juntam-se", "ajuntam-se", "ajuntar", "ajuntou", "se-ajuntam", "se-ajuntarão"]·RU["восстанет", "восстанием", "собираются"]·ES["ataca", "atacan", "se-reúnen", "si-atacar"]·SW["Wanakusanyika", "anayeungana", "hakika", "wanachochea", "wanakusanyika", "wataungana"]·TR["toplanacaklar", "toplandiysa", "toplanmak", "toplanırlar", "toplanıyorlar"]·urd["جُمتے", "جُمے-ہیں", "حملہ-کرنا", "حملہ-کرے-گا", "حملہ-کرے-گا-جو", "وہ-جمع-کرتے-ہیں"]
2. to slash oneself (Hitpael) — To slash or lacerate oneself (Hitpael reflexive), describing ecstatic or mourning ritual self-mutilation. The sole attestation in Hos 7:14, yitgoraru, depicts Israelites who 'slash themselves for grain and new wine' — adopting Canaanite ritual practices instead of genuinely crying out to God. Spanish 'se-congregan' (they congregate) misses the self-laceration nuance, while English 'they-slash-themselves' captures it precisely. This form may derive from a related root garar ('to drag, scrape') rather than gur proper, reflecting the tangled etymology of several similar-sounding Hebrew roots. 1×
AR["يَتَجَمَّعونَ"]·ben["জড়ো-হয়"]·DE["[יתגוררו]"]·EN["they-slash-themselves"]·FR["séjourner"]·heb["יתגוררו"]·HI["जमा-करते-हैं"]·ID["mereka-mengores-diri"]·IT["[יתגוררו]"]·jav["saking-Kawula"]·KO["모이는도다"]·PT["ajuntam-se"]·RU["собираются"]·ES["se-congregan"]·SW["wanajikata"]·TR["yarıyorlar-kendilerini"]·urd["جمع-ہوتے-ہیں"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G3956 1. all (collective plural) (616×)H3967 1. cardinal numeral hundred (550×)H1419a 1. great, large (general quality) (486×)H7969 1. cardinal number three (431×)H0505 1. cardinal number thousand (427×)H7651 1. seven (cardinal number) (393×)G1520 1. cardinal number one (339×)H6240 1. ten (cardinal number) (334×)H6242 1. twenty (cardinal number) (315×)H2568 1. cardinal number five (309×)H0702 1. four (cardinal number) (277×)G3956 2. every, each (distributive) (227×)H8337 1. six (cardinal number) (215×)G3956 3. all things, everything (substantive) (211×)G3956 4. (187×)H6235 1. ten (177×)G3173 1. great in size or extent (176×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† II. [גּוּר] vb. stir up strife, quarrel (cf. גרה)—so Ew Che Di RVm (Is 54:15); gather together Ges De Br cf. 𝔗 𝔙, so AV RV;— Qal Pf. גָּר Is 54:15; Impf. יָגוּר v 15, יָגוּרוּ ψ 56:7; 59:4; 140:3 (on all cf. infr.); Inf. abs. גּוֹר Is 54:15;— 1. stir up strife, abs. גּוֹר יָגוּר Is 54:15; cf. ψ 56:7 (but AE Che read יָגוֹדּוּ attack, v. גדד); sq. עַל־ ψ 59:4 (but Che id.; cf. ψ 94:21, wh.…