H1217 H1217
Dough, specifically unfermented or unleavened dough in the process of being kneaded or prepared for baking.
This noun refers to dough at any stage before baking, though its most memorable appearances highlight the unfermented state. In the Exodus narrative (12:34, 39), the Israelites carry their dough before it has been leavened, wrapping it in their garments as they flee Egypt. Elsewhere the term carries no such restriction: Tamar kneads dough for Amnon (2 Sam 13:8), women in Jerusalem knead dough for the Queen of Heaven (Jer 7:18), and Hosea uses it in a baking metaphor (Hos 7:4). French 'pate' and Spanish 'masa' both straightforwardly render the culinary sense.
Senses
1. sense 1 — Dough, whether leavened or unleavened, at the stage of kneading and preparation before baking. Most famously, the Israelites' unfermented dough carried out of Egypt (Exod 12:34, 39) became a symbol of haste and divine deliverance. In non-Exodus contexts it appears without restriction: Tamar kneads dough for Amnon (2 Sam 13:8), women prepare cakes for the Queen of Heaven (Jer 7:18), and Hosea uses it metaphorically for moral corruption (Hos 7:4). Spanish 'masa' and French 'pate' directly capture the plain culinary referent. 5×
AR["العَجينَ", "العَجينِ", "الْ-عَجِينَ", "عَجِينًا", "عَجِينَهُ"]·ben["তাদের-ময়দা", "ময়দা", "মাখা-আটা"]·DE["[בצק]", "der-dough", "ihr-dough"]·EN["dough", "the-dough", "their-dough"]·FR["[בצק]", "le-dough", "le-pâte", "leur-pâte", "pâte"]·heb["בצק", "בצקו", "ה-בצק"]·HI["आटा", "आटे", "गूंदे-आटे", "गूंदे-आटे-अपने"]·ID["adonan", "adonannya"]·IT["[בצק]", "il-dough", "loro-dough"]·jav["adonan", "adonanipun", "ngantos", "sang-adonan"]·KO["그-반죽을", "그들의-반죽을", "반죽을"]·PT["a-massa", "massa", "massa-dele"]·RU["-тесто", "теста", "тесто", "тесто-своё"]·ES["la-masa", "masa", "su-masa"]·SW["unga", "unga-wao"]·TR["hamur", "hamuru", "hamurunu"]·urd["آٹا", "آٹے", "آٹے-اپنے"]
Related Senses
H8081 1. oil (substance) (180×)H3196 1. wine (fermented grape juice) (141×)H1706 1. honey (54×)H4682 1. unleavened bread/cakes (53×)H2461 1. milk (42×)H8492 1. new wine / must (38×)H0400 1. food, nourishment (36×)G3631 1. wine (34×)H3978 1. food, nourishment (30×)H1314 1. spice / perfume / balsam (29×)H7416 1. pomegranate (fruit/ornament) (28×)H3323 1. fresh oil, olive oil (23×)H2964 1. prey, torn flesh (19×)H3899 2. food, sustenance (19×)G1033 1. food (17×)G5160 1. food (16×)H5561 1. spices, aromatic substances (16×)H0402 1. food, nourishment (14×)G2219 1. leaven (13×)H4478a 1. manna (13×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† בָּצֵק n.[m.] dough—בָּצֵק Ex 12:39 + 4 times; sf. בְּצֵקוֹ Ex 12:34;—dough, not fermented Ex 12:34, 39 (E); no restriction 2 S 13:8 Ho 7:4 Je 7:18.