H0644 H0644
Bake; baker (as agent noun); be baked (passive)
The basic Hebrew verb for baking, covering the entire process of preparing bread and other foods by fire or oven. Its participial form doubles as the standard word for 'baker,' most memorably in the Joseph narrative where Pharaoh's chief baker (sar ha-ofim) dreams of baskets of baked goods (Genesis 40). The verb appears in everyday contexts—baking matzot for the Exodus (Exodus 12:39), baking manna in the wilderness (Exodus 16:23)—and in cultic legislation where offerings must be baked in prescribed ways (Leviticus 6:17, 7:9). Spanish 'hornear/panadero' and German 'backen' map neatly onto its dual verbal-nominal life.
Senses
1. baker (one who bakes) — The Qal participle used as a substantive noun meaning 'baker'—a professional who bakes bread. Central to the Joseph narrative in Genesis 40, where the chief baker (sar ha-ofim) appears alongside the cupbearer. Also in 1 Samuel 8:13 (women as bakers) and Hosea 7:4-6 where the baker's oven becomes a political metaphor. Spanish 'panadero' and French equivalents confirm this agent-noun reading. 12×
AR["الْ-خَبَّازِينَ", "الْخَبَّازِينَ", "خَبَّازٍ", "خَبّازُهُم", "رَئِيسَ", "مِنَ-الخَبّازِ", "وَ-الْ-خَبَّازُ", "وَ-طَاهِيَاتٍ"]·ben["আর-রুটিরান্নক", "এবং-রুটি-তৈরিকারী-হতে", "তাদের-রুটির্নির্মাতা", "রুটি-তৈরিকারিদের", "রুটিরান্নকদের", "রুটিরান্নকের", "রুটির্নির্মাতা-থেকে"]·DE["[אפהם]", "[האפים]", "[מאפה]", "der-Bäcker", "eines-Bäckers", "und-der-Bäcker", "und-fuer-bakers"]·EN["a-baker", "and-for-bakers", "and-the-baker", "by-baker", "the-bakers", "their-baker"]·FR["[אפהם]", "[האפים]", "[מאפה]", "et-le-boulanger", "et-pour-bakers", "le-boulangers", "un-boulanger"]·heb["אופהם", "אפה", "ה-אופים", "ה-אפים", "ו-ה-אפה", "ו-ל-אופות", "מ-אופה"]·HI["और-के-लिए-रोटी-बनानेवालियों", "और-पकानेवाला", "और-पकानेवाले-ने", "नानबाई-उनका", "नानबाई-से", "पकानेवाले-का", "पकानेवालों-के", "रोटी-पकाने-वालों"]·ID["dan-tukang-roti", "dan-untuk-tukang-roti", "dari-tukang-roti", "tukang-roti", "tukang-roti-mereka", "tukang-tukang-roti"]·IT["[אפהם]", "[האפים]", "[מאפה]", "e-il-baker", "e-per-bakers", "il-bakers", "un-baker"]·jav["enjing", "juru-damel-roti", "lan-kangge-tukang-roti", "lan-tukang-roti", "lan-tukang-roti-punika", "piyambakipun-mandheg", "tukang-roti", "tukang-tukang-roti"]·KO["그-빵굽는자들의", "그들의-굽는-자가", "그리고-빵-괽는-자로", "그리고-빵-굽는-자", "그리고-빵-굽는-자가", "부터-굽는-자의", "빵-굽는-자들의", "빵-굽는-자의", "제빵사들의"]·PT["de-padeiro", "e-o-padeiro", "e-para-padeiras", "os-padeiros", "padeiro", "padeiro-deles"]·RU["и-пекарь", "и-пекарями", "от-пекаря", "пекарей", "пекарь-их", "пекаря"]·ES["de-panadero", "los-panaderos", "panadero", "su-panadero", "y-el-panadero", "y-para-panaderas"]·SW["akamtaliki", "kutoka-kwa-mwokaji", "mkazi", "mwokaji-wao", "na-kuoka", "na-mwambaji", "wa-wambaji", "waokaji", "ya-mtumishi-wake"]·TR["-fırıncıların", "fırıncıdan", "fırıncıları", "fırıncıların", "fırıncının", "ve-fırıncı", "ve-fırıncılar", "ve-fırıncısı"]·urd["اور-روٹی-پکانے-والیاں", "اور-نانبائی", "اور-نانبائی-نے", "نانبائی-اُن-کا", "نانبائی-سے", "نانبائی-کا", "نانبائیوں", "نانبائیوں-کے"]
2. to bake — The active Qal finite verb meaning 'to bake'—preparing food by heat in an oven or over fire. Covers everyday baking of bread (Isaiah 44:15,19), emergency baking of matzot (Genesis 19:3, Exodus 12:39), wilderness manna preparation (Exodus 16:23), and cultic bread preparation (Leviticus 24:5). The imperative 'efu' at Exodus 16:23 captures its domestic immediacy. 10×
AR["اخْبِزُوا", "تَخْبِزُونَ", "خَبَزَ", "خَبَزْتُ", "فَ-تَخْبِزُ", "وَ-خَبَزُوا", "وَتَخْبِزُ", "وَخَبَزَتهُ", "وَيَخْبِزُ", "يَخْبِزُونَ"]·ben["এবং-রুটি-সেঁকে", "এবং-সেঁকবে", "এবং-সেঁকলেন", "এবং-সেঁকলেন-এটিকে", "তোমরা-সেঁকবে", "সেঁকবে", "সেঁকলেন", "সেঁকেছি", "সেঁকো"]·DE["[אפיתי]", "[ואפה]", "[יאפו]", "bake", "buk-er", "du-bake", "und-baked-es", "und-du-soll-bake", "und-sie-baked", "und-wird-bake"]·EN["I-baked", "and-baked-it", "and-bakes", "and-they-baked", "and-will-bake", "and-you-shall-bake", "bake", "he-baked", "they-shall-bake", "you-bake"]·FR["[אפיתי]", "[ואפה]", "[יאפו]", "cuire", "et-baked-cela", "et-fera-bake", "et-ils-cuit", "et-tu-devra-bake", "il-cuit", "tu-cuire"]·heb["אפה", "אפו", "אפיתי", "ו-אפה", "ו-אפו", "ו-אפתה-ו", "ו-נאפתה", "יאפו", "תאפו"]·HI["उस्ने-पकि", "और-पकय-उसे", "और-पका", "और-पकाएंगी", "और-पकाता-है", "और-पकाया", "पकाएँगे", "पकाओ", "पकाना-हो", "पकाया-मैंने"]·ID["aku-membakar", "bakarlah", "dan-ia-membakar", "dan-memanggangnya", "dan-membakar", "dan-panggangkanlah", "kamu-akan-bakar", "maka-akan-membakar", "membakar", "mereka-membakar"]·IT["[אפיתי]", "[ואפה]", "[יאפו]", "bake", "e-baked-esso", "e-essi-baked", "e-fara-bake", "e-tu-dovra-bake", "egli-baked", "tu-bake"]·jav["Lan-tiyang-mbakar", "dipunbakar", "kula-sampun-mbakemi", "lan-mbakemi", "lan-piyambakipun-bakar-punika", "lan-sira-bakar", "mbakar", "mila-sami-bakar", "panjenengan-sedaya-badhe-mbakar", "sami-ngèbakén"]·KO["구우라", "구울-것이다", "구웠다", "굽었으니", "그리고-구울것이다", "그리고-구워라", "그리고-구웠다-그것을", "그리고-굽였다", "그리고-굽였다-그들이"]·PT["assai,", "assar", "assarão", "assei", "assou", "e-assa", "e-assaram", "e-assarás", "e-asserão", "e-assou-o"]·RU["И-испекли", "будете-печь", "и-будут-печь", "и-испеки", "и-испекла-её", "и-печёт", "испёк", "пеките", "пекут", "пёк-я"]·ES["Y-cocieron", "cocí", "entonces-cocerán", "hor-neéis", "hornead", "horneados", "hornearán", "y-cocerás", "y-coció", "y-cuece"]·SW["Na-wakaoka", "akafanya", "mtaoka", "na-akaoka", "na-anaoka", "na-utaoka", "na-wataoka", "nimeoka", "okeni", "wataoka"]·TR["Ve-pişirdiler", "pisirdim", "pişirdi", "pişirecekler", "pişirecekseniz", "pişirin", "ve-pisirdi", "ve-pişirdi-onu", "ve-pişirecekler", "ve-pişireceksin"]·urd["اور-پکائیں-گی", "اور-پکائے", "اور-پکائے-گا", "اور-پکاتا-ہے", "اور-پکایا-اُسے", "تم-پکاؤ", "میں-نے-پکائی", "پکاؤ", "پکائیں-گے", "پکایا"]
3. to be baked — The Nifal passive stem: 'to be baked,' with the food item as grammatical subject rather than the person baking. Confined to Levitical legislation (Leviticus 6:17, 7:9, 23:17) where it specifies how offerings shall be prepared. French and German translations resort to periphrastic passives ('est baked,' 'ist gebacken'), underscoring the voice distinction. 3×
AR["تُخْبَزُ"]·ben["পাকানো-হবে", "সেঁকা-হবে", "সেঁকা-হয়"]·DE["ist-gebacken", "sie-soll-sein-gebacken", "soll-es-sein-gebacken"]·EN["is-baked", "shall-it-be-baked", "they-shall-be-baked"]·FR["devra-cela-être-baked", "est-baked", "ils-devra-être-baked"]·heb["נאפתה", "תיאפה"]·HI["पकाई-जाए", "पकाई-जाएं"]·ID["akan-dipanggang", "dipanggang", "harus-dipanggang"]·IT["dovra-esso-essere-cotto-al-forno", "e-cotto-al-forno", "essi-dovra-essere-cotto-al-forno"]·jav["dipun-bakar;", "dipunpanggang"]·KO["구우라", "구운", "구워지리라-그것들은"]·PT["for-assada", "será-assada", "serão-assadas"]·RU["будет-испечено", "испечено", "пусть-будут-испечены"]·ES["fuere-horneada", "se-horneará", "serán-cocidas"]·SW["itaokwa"]·TR["pişirilecek", "pişirilecekler", "pişirilirse"]·urd["پکائی-جائے", "پکائیں-جائیں-گی"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
† אָפָה vb. bake (Assyrian epû, ZimBP 43 Aramaic אֲפָא, ܐܶܦܳܐ )— Qal Pf. א׳ Gn 19:3; אָפִיתִי Is 44:19; וְאָפוּ consec. Lv 26:26 etc.; Impf. 3 fs. sf. וַתֹּפֵהוּ 1 S 28:24; יֹאפוּ Ez 46:20; תֹּאפוּ Ex 16:23; Imv. אֵפוּ Ex 16:23; Pt. אֹפֶה Gn 40:1 +; אֹפֵהֶם Ho 7:6; pl. אֹפִים Gn 40:16 +; אֹפוֹת 1 S 8:13, etc.—bake, obj. לֶחֶם Lv 26:26 (H) Is 44:15, 19 (cf. Je 37:21); מַצּוֹת Gn 19:3 (J) 1 S…