ὑπομονή G5281
endurance, patient perseverance — steadfast remaining under trial without yielding, a cardinal Christian virtue
Hypomone (from hypo 'under' + meno 'remain') literally means 'remaining under' — standing firm beneath a weight rather than fleeing from it. Its 32 New Testament occurrences establish it as one of the defining virtues of the Christian life. Paul builds a famous chain in Romans 5:3-4: suffering produces endurance, endurance produces proven character, and proven character produces hope. Jesus teaches that the good-soil hearers bear fruit 'with endurance' (Luke 8:15), and warns that 'by your endurance you will gain your lives' (Luke 21:19). James agrees that the testing of faith produces hypomone, and urges believers to let it have its 'perfect work' (Jas 1:3-4). Revelation rewards the saints' endurance against the beast (Rev 13:10; 14:12). The word never denotes passive resignation; as Spanish perseverancia and German Geduld suggest, it carries active, purposeful resolve.
Senses
1. endurance, patient perseverance — Steadfast endurance under trial, active perseverance that refuses to surrender or retreat. Paul's chain in Romans 5:3-4 places it between suffering and proven character as a transformative virtue. Jesus ties it to fruitfulness in the parable of the sower (Luke 8:15) and to eschatological survival (Luke 21:19). James insists it must be brought to completion (Jas 1:3-4). In Revelation, it defines the saints who keep God's commandments under persecution (Rev 13:10; 14:12). 32×
AR["-الصَّبْرِ", "الصَّبرُ", "الصَّبرِ", "الصَّبْرَ", "صَبراً", "صَبرًا", "صَبرٍ", "صَبرُ", "صَبرِ", "صَبْر", "صَبْرٍ", "صَبْرَ", "صَبْرِ"]·ben["ধৈর্য", "ধৈর্য,", "ধৈর্যে", "ধৈর্যের"]·DE["Geduld", "ὑπομονῇ"]·EN["endurance", "of-endurance"]·FR["endurance", "patience", "persévérance"]·heb["סַבְלָנוּת"]·HI["धीरज", "धेएरज", "धैरय", "धैर्य", "धैर्य-का", "धैर्य-से"]·ID["Ketekunan", "ketabahan", "ketekunan", "ketekunan,", "ketekunan."]·IT["perseveranza"]·jav["kasabaran", "kasabaran,", "kasabaran.", "kesabaran"]·KO["인내", "인내,", "인내-가", "인내-와", "인내-의", "인내가", "인내를", "인내를.", "인내에", "인내와", "인내의"]·PT["De-perseverança", "paciência", "perseverança"]·RU["-терпение", "-утешение", "-утешения", "испытанность", "терпение", "терпение.", "терпении", "терпению", "терпения"]·ES["de-paciencia", "paciencia", "perseverancia"]·SW["saburi", "subira", "uvumilivu", "uvumilivu;"]·TR["Sabra", "dayanıklılık", "işleyen-", "sabir", "sabirla", "sabrı", "sabrın", "sabrına", "sabrında", "sabrını", "sabrınız", "sabır", "sabırla", "sabırla.", "sabırın"]·urd["صبر", "صبر-کا", "صبر۔"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
ὑπομονή, ἡ, remaining behind, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II endurance, τῶν ἀκουσίων πόνων Refs 5th c.BC+; [θανάτου] Refs 1st c.AD+; ἡ τῆς μαχαίρας ὑ. τῶν πληγῶν the sword's power to sustain blows, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.2 in bad sense, obstinacy, Refs 2nd c.BC+ __II.3 of plants, power to endure, Refs 4th c.BC+ __III enduring to do, αἰσχρῶν ἔργων Refs