G4218 G4218
Once, formerly (marking a past state); ever, at any time (with negation or questions); at last, finally
Pote is a small enclitic particle with outsized theological leverage in Paul's letters. When he writes 'you who were once far off have been brought near' (Eph 2:13) or 'we ourselves were once foolish' (Titus 3:3), the little word draws a sharp before-and-after line between the readers' former life and their life in Christ. In rhetorical questions and negations it means 'ever' or 'at any time,' as in Hebrews 1:5: 'to which of the angels did he ever say, You are my Son?' Finally, in Philippians 4:10 Paul rejoices that the Philippians' care for him has 'at last' revived, using pote to mark the arrival of something long awaited. Spanish distinguishes 'en otro tiempo' (formerly) from 'alguna vez' (ever) and 'por fin' (at last).
Senses
1. once/formerly — The dominant Pauline usage meaning 'once, formerly, at one time,' drawing a line between a past state and the present. Romans 7:9 recalls 'I was once alive apart from the law,' and Galatians 1:23 reports 'he who once persecuted us now preaches the faith.' Spanish 'en otro tiempo/antes' and German 'einst' capture the retrospective contrast that drives Paul's conversion rhetoric. 19×
AR["سابِقًا", "قَبلًا", "قَبْلًا", "قَديمًا"]·ben["একসময়", "একসময়,", "কোনও-সময়ে", "পূর্বে"]·DE["einst"]·EN["formerly", "once", "once-"]·FR["autrefois"]·heb["לְ-פָנִים", "פַּעַם"]·HI["कभि", "कभि,", "कभी", "पहले"]·ID["dahulu", "dahulu;", "dulu", "dulu,", "pernah"]·IT["pote", "un-tempo", "una-volta"]·jav["kapan", "rumiyin", "rumiyin,", "rumiyin;"]·KO["때에", "언젠가", "전에", "전에,", "전에는", "한때"]·PT["outrora", "outrora,", "outrora;"]·RU["-вы", "когда-то,", "некогда", "некогда,"]·ES["antes", "en-otro-tiempo", "en-un-tiempo"]·SW["wakati-fulani", "zamani"]·TR["bir-zamanlar", "eskiden"]·urd["کبھی", "کبھی،", "کبھی؛"]
2. ever/at any time — With negatives or in rhetorical questions, pote means 'ever, at any time,' intensifying the denial or challenge. Hebrews 1:5 asks 'to which of the angels did he ever say...?' and Ephesians 5:29 states 'no one ever hated his own flesh.' Spanish 'alguna vez/jamás' and English 'at any time/ever' mark the shift from narrative past to universal scope. 8×
AR["أَبَداً", "أَبَدًا", "قَطُّ", "لَا"]·ben["কখনও", "কখনও?", "কখনো"]·DE["einst"]·EN["at-any-time", "ever"]·FR["autrefois"]·heb["אֵי-פַּעַם", "לְעוֹלָם", "מֵעוֹלָם", "פַּעַם"]·HI["कभि", "कभी"]·ID["pernah", "pernah,", "pernah?", "sama-sekali."]·IT["un-tempo", "una-volta"]·jav["nalika", "nate?", "naté", "naté,", "naté.", "rumiyin"]·KO["결코.", "어느-때도", "언제", "언제가", "일찍이,", "한번도"]·PT["alguma-vez", "jamais", "jamais?", "nunca"]·RU["когда-либо", "когда-либо?", "когда-нибудь", "не-"]·ES["alguna-vez", "alguna-vez?", "jamás", "nunca"]·SW["-", "aliyeuchukia", "kamwe", "mwenyewe?", "wakati-wowote"]·TR["hicbir-zaman", "hiç", "hiç-", "hiç-bir-zaman", "masraflarıyla"]·urd["کبھی", "کبھی،", "کبھی۔"]
3. at last/now at length — A rarer temporal sense meaning 'at last, finally, now at length,' expressing the arrival of something long desired. Philippians 4:10 celebrates that the Philippians' concern 'has at last revived,' and Romans 1:10 records Paul praying that 'at last' he might succeed in visiting Rome. Spanish 'por fin' neatly captures this culminative nuance. 3×
AR["أخيراً", "أَخيرًا", "مَتى"]·ben["অবশেষে", "কখনও"]·DE["einst"]·EN["at-last", "when"]·FR["autrefois"]·heb["פַּעַם"]·HI["कभिए", "कभी"]·ID["akhirnya", "suatu-saat"]·IT["pote", "un-tempo", "una-volta"]·jav["-", "ngantos", "pungkasanipun"]·KO["마침내", "언젠가"]·PT["agora", "alguma-vez"]·RU["когда-нибудь", "наконец"]·ES["alguna-vez", "por-fin", "una-vez"]·SW["hatimaye", "wakati-fulani"]·TR["bir-gün", "nihayet"]·urd["آخرکار", "کبھی"]
Related Senses
H3117 1. day, specific time (2231×)H5704 1. until, unto, as far as (1238×)H8141 1. year, unit of time (880×)H6258 1. and now (421×)G2250 1. day (388×)H5750 1. again, more, further (288×)H5769 1. forever, to eternity (280×)H6256 1. time, period (264×)H2320 1. month, calendar period (260×)H0310a 2. after (temporal) (258×)H3915 1. night, period of darkness (234×)H1242 1. morning (214×)H5750 2. still, yet (continuative) (166×)G5119 1. then (160×)G3568 1. now (147×)G2193 1. until (143×)G3825 1. (141×)G3752 1. (123×)H6153 1. evening, time of day (123×)H0227a 1. then (122×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
Included with: πότε, Ionic dialect κότε, Doric dialect πόκα Refs 3rd c.BC+:—interrogative Particle used in direct and indirect questions, when? at what time? Refs 8th c.BC+; πότ᾽ ἆρ; ={πότε} with ἆρα Refs 5th c.BC+ __II indefinite ποτε (Attic dialect, also Refs 4th c.BC+, Ionic dialect κοτε, Doric dialect ποκα, Aeolic dialect ποτα Refs 7th c.BC+ __II.1 at some time or other, at some time, τάχ᾽ ἄν…