περιίστημι G4026
To stand around; to surround; figuratively, to avoid or shun (a matter or person).
Derived from peri (around) and histemi (to stand), this verb carries a dual range of meaning in the New Testament. In its literal sense it describes people gathering around or standing in a circle, as when the Jews stood around Jesus at the Temple (John 11:42) or accusers surrounded Paul (Acts 25:7). Yet in the Pastoral Epistles, the word shifts to a figurative 'stand away from'—avoid or shun—as Paul warns Timothy and Titus to steer clear of foolish controversies (2 Tim 2:16; Titus 3:9). The Spanish 'evita' and English 'avoid' capture this transferred sense well.
Senses
1. sense 1 — To stand around physically, forming a circle or crowd around someone. In John 11:42 and Acts 25:7, groups surround Jesus and Paul respectively. The French 'se tenir autour' and German 'umstehen' reflect this concrete spatial sense of encirclement. The domain assignment to MOVEMENT > Linear Movement reflects the physical positioning involved. 4×
AR["أَحَاطُوا", "الْوَاقِفِ", "تَجَنَّبْ"]·ben["এড়িয়ে-চল", "এড়িয়ে-চল,", "ঘেরিয়া-দাঁড়াইল", "দাঁড়িয়ে-থাকা"]·DE["umstehen", "περιέστησαν"]·EN["avoid", "standing-around", "stood-around"]·FR["se-tenir-autour", "se-tenir-à-l'écart"]·heb["הִסְתַלֵּק", "הִתְרַחֵק", "סָבְבוּ", "עוֹמֵד"]·HI["खड़ी-हुई", "घेरलिया", "दोओर-रेह,", "दोओर-रेह;"]·ID["berdiri-di-sekitar", "hindarilah;", "jauhilah", "mengelilingi"]·IT["periestota", "periistaso", "stare-lontano"]·jav["ngadeg-ing-sakubengipun", "ngubengi", "singkirana,", "singkirana;"]·KO["둘러삸다", "둘러선", "피하라", "피하라,"]·PT["evita", "evita;", "rodearam"]·RU["избегай", "обступили", "стоящего-вокруг", "удаляйся"]·ES["evita", "que-está-alrededor", "rodearon"]·SW["epuka", "uliosimama-karibu", "walimsimamia"]·TR["kaçın;", "uzak-dur", "çevrede-duran", "çevrelerindiler"]·urd["دور-رہ", "کھڑے-ہوئے", "گھیر-لیا"]
Related Senses
H0935 1. come, arrive (Qal) (2413×)G1473 1. first person singular pronoun (2084×)H3318 1. Qal: go out, depart, come forth (891×)H7725 1. to return, come/go back (Qal) (874×)H5927 1. go up, ascend (Qal) (779×)H7971 1. to send, dispatch (Qal) (701×)G2064 1. come / arrive (physical movement toward) (588×)H5307 1. Qal: fall down physically (339×)H5375 1. Qal: to lift up, raise (330×)H5975 1. to stand, stand up (310×)H5674a 1. Qal: pass by, pass through (256×)H3381 1. Qal: to go down, descend (physical movement) (242×)G1831 1. go/come out physically (193×)H5337 1. deliver, rescue, save (Hifil) (188×)H7901 1. lie down, rest, sleep (183×)G1525 1. enter a place physically (179×)H7812 1. prostrate oneself, bow down, worship (173×)H3318 2. Hifil: bring out, lead out, take out (persons) (172×)H7725 2. to bring back, restore (Hifil) (151×)H5674a 2. Qal: cross over (134×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
περιίστημι,. in the transitive tenses (with perfect περιέστᾰκα Refs 5th c.BC+, place round, π. τοὺς ἑαυτοῦ Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 bring round, ὁ δῆμος εἰς ἑαυτὸν περιέστησε τὴν πολιτείαν Refs 5th c.BC+.with; εἰς τοσοῦτον π. τινά, ὥστε.. Refs 4th c.BC+; especially into a worse state, εἰς τοῦθ᾽ ἡ τύχη τὰ πράγματα αὐτῶν περιέστησεν ὥστε.. Refs 5th c.BC+; οἴκους εἰς πενίαν π. Refs 2nd c.AD+; convert, εἰς…