περιβάλλω G4016
To clothe, put on garments; to be wrapped or dressed — in active, middle, and passive voices
The verb περιβάλλω literally means 'to throw around,' and in the New Testament it is used exclusively of clothing — putting garments on oneself, being dressed, or dressing someone else. Revelation's visions are rich with this word: the twenty-four elders 'clothed in white garments' (Rev 4:4), the great multitude 'wearing white robes' (Rev 7:9). Jesus invokes it in the Sermon on the Mount when he asks, 'What shall we wear?' (Matt 6:31), and the parable of the sheep and goats turns on whether one 'clothed' the naked (Matt 25:36).
Senses
1. be clothed in, wearing — The perfect passive participle describing a resultant state of being clothed or wearing garments. This is the most frequent sense (11 occurrences), dominating Revelation's heavenly visions. Spanish 'envuelto/vestida de' and English 'clothed in' both capture the stative, adjectival quality. The white garments of Rev 4:4, 7:9, and 7:13 and the young man at the empty tomb 'clothed in a white robe' (Mark 16:5) all employ this participial construction. 11×
AR["المُتَسَربِلونَ", "المُتَّشِحَةُ", "لابِسينَ", "لَابِسًا", "مُتَسَربِلينَ", "مُتَسَربِلًا", "مُتَسَربِلَةً", "مُتَسَربِلَةٌ", "مُتَسَرْبِلٌ"]·ben["জড়ানো", "পরিহিত"]·DE["bekleiden"]·EN["clothed", "clothed-in", "having-been-clothed", "having-been-clothed-with"]·FR["revêtir"]·heb["הָעֲטוּפָה", "לְבוּשִׁים", "לָבוּשׁ", "לוּבְשִׁים", "עֲטוּפָה", "עָטוּף", "עוֹטֶה"]·HI["पहनी-हुई", "पहने-हुए", "पहिने-हुए", "लपेटा-हुआ", "वस्त्रित"]·ID["berpakaian", "berselubungkan", "mengenakan"]·IT["rivestire"]·jav["kabuntel-ing", "kabuntel-ing-méga", "ngagem"]·KO["두른", "입은"]·PT["envolto-em", "vestida-de", "vestido-de", "vestidos", "vestidos-de"]·RU["облечена", "облечённая", "облечённого", "облечённые", "облечённый", "облечённых", "одетый"]·ES["envuelto", "envuelto-en", "vestida-de", "vestida-del", "vestido", "vestido-de", "vestidos", "vestidos-de"]·SW["amejifunika", "amevaa", "amevikwa", "uliokuwa-umevikwa", "wakiwa-wamevikwa", "waliovikwa", "wamevikwa"]·TR["giyinmiş", "giymiş", "giymiş-olanlar"]·urd["اوڑھے-ہوئے", "لپٹی-ہوئی", "لپٹے-ہوئے", "پہنا-ہوا", "پہنی-تھی", "پہنی-ہوئی", "پہنے-ہوئے"]
2. clothe oneself, put on — The middle-voice and reflexive use: to clothe oneself, to put on a garment by one's own action. Jesus' rhetorical question about Solomon in Matt 6:29 ('not even Solomon clothed himself like one of these') and the angel's command to Peter in Acts 12:8 ('put on your garment') illustrate the self-directed sense. Spanish 'Envuélvete' (wrap yourself) and German 'kleidet an' confirm the reflexive agency across languages. 7×
AR["اكْتَسَى", "اِكتَسى", "تَتَسَرْبَلَ", "تَلْبَسَ", "سَيَلْبَسُ", "نَلبَسُ", "ٱلْبَسْ"]·ben["তুমি-পরিধান-কর,", "পরব?", "পরিধান-কর", "পরিধান-করে", "পরিধান-করেছিলেন", "পরিহিত-ছিল", "সে-পরবে"]·DE["bekleiden", "kleidet-an"]·EN["put-on", "shall-we-wear", "she-might-clothe-herself", "was-clothed", "will-be-clothed", "you-may-clothe-yourself"]·FR["revêtir"]·heb["הִתְלַבְּשׁ", "יִתְלַבֵּשׁ", "לִלְבּוֹשׁ", "נִלְבַּשׁ", "נִתְכַּסָּה", "עֲטֹף", "תִּתְכַסֶּה"]·HI["ओढ़", "तू-पहिने,", "पहना", "पहना-था", "पहनें", "पहिनाया-जाएगा", "वस्त्रित-हो"]·ID["Kenakanlah", "akan-dikenakan", "berpakaian", "ia-berpakaian", "kamu-dikenakan,", "kita-pakai"]·IT["rivestire"]·jav["Nganggoana", "badhé-dipunbusanani", "kawula-sedaya-badhe-ngagem", "mangangge", "ngagem", "panjenengan-ngagem"]·KO["그녀가-입도록", "입도록", "입어라", "입었다", "입으리?", "입지-않았다", "입혀지겠다"]·PT["se-vestisse", "se-vestiu", "será-vestido", "te-vistas", "vestiremos"]·RU["Накинь", "не-одевался", "облечься", "облечься,", "облечётся", "одевался", "одеться"]·ES["Envuélvete", "nos-vistamos", "se-vista", "se-vistió", "será-vestido", "te-vistas"]·SW["Vaa", "atavikwa", "avae", "hakujivika", "hakuvikwa", "tutavaa", "uvae,"]·TR["giydirilecek", "giyelim", "giyindi", "giyinsin", "sar", "ve-", "örtünmedi"]·urd["اوڑھ", "پہنا-رہا", "پہنا-گیا", "پہنیں", "پہنے", "پہنے-گا"]
3. clothe someone else — The active transitive use: to clothe another person, to put garments on someone else. This sense appears in the judgment scene of Matt 25:36-43 ('I was naked and you clothed me'), Herod's soldiers dressing Jesus in a gorgeous robe (Luke 23:11), and the soldiers placing a purple garment on Jesus (John 19:2). Spanish 'me vestisteis/habiendo vestido' and English 'we clothed/they put around' confirm the other-directed action. 5×
AR["أَلْبَسَهُ", "أَلْبَسُوا", "تَكْسُونِي", "كَسَوْتُمُونِي", "كَسَوْنَاكَ"]·ben["পরিয়ে", "পরিয়ে-দিয়েছ", "পরিয়ে-দিয়েছি", "পরিয়ে-দিলেন"]·DE["bekleiden", "kleidet-an"]·EN["having-clothed", "they-put-around", "we-clothed", "you-clothed"]·FR["revêtir"]·heb["הִלְבִּישׁוּ", "כִּסִּינוּךָ", "כִּסִּיתֶם-אוֹתִי", "מַלְבִּישׁ"]·HI["पहनाकर", "पहनाया"]·ID["kami-memakaikan", "kamu-memakaikan", "memakaikan", "mengenakan"]·IT["rivestire"]·jav["kawula-rasuki", "ngagem", "panjenengan-ngrasuki"]·KO["입혀서", "입혔다", "입혔습니까"]·PT["vestimos", "vestiram", "vestistes"]·RU["вы-одели", "мы-одели", "одев", "одели"]·ES["habiendo-vestido", "me-vestisteis", "te-vestimos", "vistieron"]·SW["akamvikia", "mlinivika", "nivika", "tukakuvika", "wakamvika"]·TR["giydirdik", "giydirdiler", "giydirdiniz", "giydirip"]·urd["پہنا-کر", "پہنایا", "پہنایا-تم-نے"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
περιβάλλω, future -βᾰλῶ: aorist περιέβᾰλον (see. below):— throw round, about, or over, put on or over, with accusative of things, φίλας περὶ χεῖρε βαλόντε Refs 8th c.BC+; π. τινὶ δεσμά, βρόχους, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. τινὰ χαλκεύματι put him round the sword, i. e. stab him, Refs 4th c.BC+; also περὶ τὰ στέρνα θώρηκας π. Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ ἕρμα π. ναῦν wreck it on.., Refs 5th c.BC+:—middle, throw…