πέρᾱν G4008
Beyond, across, the other side; a spatial term for the far side of a body of water or boundary, rarely used comparatively.
Almost exclusively a geographical term in the New Testament, used to indicate the far side of a body of water — above all the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan River. Jesus frequently crosses 'to the other side' (Matt 8:18; Mark 4:35), and 'beyond the Jordan' evokes the Transjordan wilderness associated with John the Baptist's ministry (John 1:28; 10:40). Spanish al otro lado ('to the other side') and German jenseits ('beyond') render the spatial sense consistently. A single occurrence in Acts 19:39 stretches the word toward 'further' or 'beyond that,' a rare comparative-intensifying usage.
Senses
1. beyond, across, the other side — The far side of a body of water or geographical boundary — used as preposition ('beyond the Jordan') or substantive ('the other side'). Nearly all 23 NT occurrences cluster around the Sea of Galilee and the Jordan River. Spanish al otro lado and German jenseits consistently render this directional sense. Matthew 4:15 echoes Isaiah's 'Galilee beyond the Jordan,' while Matt 8:18, 28 and 14:22 narrate Jesus's crossings of the lake. John 1:28 and 10:40 locate events 'beyond the Jordan,' establishing a theological geography of wilderness encounter. 23×
AR["العَبْرِ", "عَبرَ", "عَبرِ", "عَبْرَ", "عَبْرِ"]·ben["অপর-পারে", "অপর-পারে।", "ওপারে", "পারে"]·DE["jenseits"]·EN["across", "beyond", "other-side"]·FR["au-delà"]·heb["מֵ-עֵבֶר", "מֵעֵבֶר", "עֵבֶר", "עֵבֶר-הַשֵּׁנִי"]·HI["उसके-पास", "के", "पअर", "पर", "पार", "पार-को", "यर्दन"]·ID["di-seberang", "ke-seberang", "seberang", "seberang."]·IT["al-di-là"]·jav["sabrang", "sabrang,", "sabrang.", "sabrangan", "sabrangé"]·KO["건너편", "건너편,", "건너편에", "건너편에서", "건너편으로", "저쪽", "저편"]·PT["além", "outro-lado", "outro-lado,", "outro-lado.", "para-além"]·RU["другой-берег", "другую-сторону", "за", "за-", "из-за", "на-другой-стороне", "на-другую-сторону", "по-ту-сторону", "тот-берег", "ту-сторону"]·ES["al-otro-lado", "al-otro-lado-de", "del-otro-lado", "más-allá", "otra-orilla", "otro-lado"]·SW["ng'ambo", "ng'ambo,", "ng'ambo-ya", "ng'ambo-ya-", "ng'ambo.", "ngambo,", "ngambo."]·TR["-ötesinde", "karşı-kıyıya", "öte-tarafa", "öte-tarafa,", "öte-tarafa.", "öte-tarafına", "öte-yakasına", "öte-yakasında", "öteki-yanı", "öteki-yanından", "ötesinden", "ötesine"]·urd["پار", "پار-", "پار-تک"]
2. further, farther beyond — An adverbial or comparative use meaning 'further' or 'beyond what has been stated,' extending past what is already in view. Spanish mas alla ('further beyond') and French au-dela carry this intensifying nuance. This usage appears once in Acts 19:39, where the town clerk tells the riotous assembly that if they seek anything 'further' or 'beyond this,' it shall be settled in a lawful assembly — a rhetorical use distinct from the predominant geographical sense. 1×
AR["أَكْثَرَ"]·ben["অধিক"]·DE["jenseits"]·EN["further"]·FR["au-delà"]·heb["נוֹסָף"]·HI["और-अधिक"]·ID["lebih-jauh"]·IT["al-di-la"]·jav["langkung"]·KO["더-나아가"]·PT["além"]·RU["далее"]·ES["más-allá"]·SW["zaidi"]·TR["ötesinde"]·urd["اور"]
Related Senses
H3605 1. all, every, whole (5352×)H3808 1. simple negation (not) (4839×)G1722 1. locative: in, within (2442×)H1004b 1. house, dwelling, building (2015×)G3756 1. not (negation particle) (1635×)H4480a 1. source or separation (1198×)H5892b 1. city, town (1093×)G1519 1. direction: into, to, toward (1061×)H0259 1. one (cardinal numeral) (940×)H3427 1. Qal: to dwell, inhabit (937×)G1537 1. from, out of (source/origin) (886×)H8034 1. Name (designation / identifier) (856×)G3361 1. subjective negation (not) (834×)G1909 1. on, upon (spatial surface) (757×)H0369 1. existential negation: there is not (738×)H5869a 1. in the eyes/sight of (evaluative) (734×)H5650 1. Servant, attendant, subject (723×)H0408 1. prohibitive negation do-not (712×)H8147 1. cardinal number two (666×)G2443 1. so that, in order that (purpose/result) (665×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
πέρᾱν, Ionic dialect and Epic dialect πέρην, adverb on the other side, across, in early Poets always with genitive, especially of water, νήσων αἳ ναίουσι π. ἁλός Refs 8th c.BC+; π. Χάεος ζοφεροῖοRefs 5th c.BC+; π. τοῦ Ἑλλησπόντου, τοῦ ποταμοῦ, Refs 5th c.BC+; π. Ἕβρον is corrupt in Refs 5th c.BC+ __2 absolutely, on the other side, especially of water, προσορμίζεσθαι.. π. ἐν τῇ Ῥηναίῃ Refs 5th…