μακρο-θῡμία G3115
patience, long-suffering, forbearance — the steadfast endurance that restrains anger and waits through adversity
Makrothumia combines makros ('long') and thumos ('passion, anger'), producing a word that literally means 'long-tempered' — the opposite of being short-fused. It appears fourteen times in the New Testament, most prominently as a fruit of the Spirit (Gal 5:22), a hallmark of love (1 Cor 13:4), and an attribute of God himself who delays judgment to allow repentance (Rom 2:4; 9:22; 1 Tim 1:16; 2 Pet 3:15). Paul lists it among the virtues that mark genuine apostolic ministry (2 Cor 6:6) and the character traits believers should cultivate (Eph 4:2; Col 1:11; 3:12). Spanish 'longanimidad/paciencia,' French 'patience,' and German 'Geduld' all capture this sense of restrained endurance under provocation.
Senses
1. patience — Long-suffering patience — the quality of restraining anger and enduring provocation or hardship without retaliation. Applied to God's forbearance in delaying judgment (Rom 2:4; 9:22; 1 Tim 1:16; 2 Pet 3:15), to the fruit of the Spirit in believers (Gal 5:22), and to the practical virtue demanded in community life (Eph 4:2; Col 1:11; 3:12; 2 Tim 3:10; 4:2). The etymology — makros ('long') plus thumos ('wrath, passion') — reveals the core image: a long fuse rather than a short one. Distinguished from hupomone (endurance of circumstances) by its interpersonal focus: makrothumia is patience with people. 14×
AR["أناةُ", "أَناةٍ", "أَناتي", "أَناتِهِ", "أَنَاةٍ", "الأَنَاةِ", "الصَّبرِ", "طولَ-أَناةٍ", "طولَ-الأناةِ", "طولُ-الأناةِ", "طولِ-أَناةٍ", "طولِ-أَناتِهِ"]·ben["দীর্ঘসহনশীলতা", "দীর্ঘসহিষ্ণুতা", "দীর্ঘসহিষ্ণুতা,", "দীর্ঘসহিষ্ণুতায়", "দীর্ঘসহিষ্ণুতায়,", "দীর্ঘসহিষ্ণুতার", "ধৈর্য,", "ধৈর্যে", "ধৈর্যে,", "ধৈর্যের"]·DE["Geduld"]·EN["patience"]·FR["patience"]·heb["אֶרֶךְ-רוּחַ", "אֹרֶךְ-אַפַּיִם", "אֹרֶךְ-רוּחַ", "אֹרֶךְ־רוּחַ"]·HI["धीरज", "धीरज,", "धीरज-का", "धेएरज", "धेएरतअ", "धेएरतअ,", "धैरयत,", "सहनशीलता", "सहनशेएलत"]·ID["kesabaran", "kesabaran,", "panjang-sabar"]·IT["pazienza"]·jav["kasabaran,", "kesabaran", "sabar", "sabar,", "sabar-dawa", "sareh-manah"]·KO["오래-참음", "오래-참음,", "오래-참음-을", "오래-참음-의,", "오래-참음과", "오래-참음과,", "오래-참음에", "오래-참음으로", "오래-참음을", "오래-참음을,", "오래-참음이"]·PT["longanimidade", "longanimidade,", "paciência"]·RU["долготерпение", "долготерпение,", "долготерпением", "долготерпением,", "долготерпении", "долготерпению", "долготерпения", "долготерпения,", "приготовленные"]·ES["longanimidad", "paciencia"]·SW["subira", "uvumilivu", "uvumilivu,", "wa-uvumilivu"]·TR["sabir", "sabirla", "sabrı", "sabrın", "sabrını", "sabır", "sabırda", "sabırla", "sabırı", "sabırın", "tahammulla"]·urd["تحمل", "تحمل-کو،", "تحمّل", "صبر", "صبر-سے", "صبر-کو", "صبر،", "صبر٬"]
Related Senses
G2309 1. want, desire (166×)G0025 1. to love actively (133×)H0157 1. love (verb, active Qal) (129×)H8055 1. Qal: rejoice, be glad (123×)H7453 1. neighbor, fellow man (120×)G0026 1. of love (115×)H1058 1. Qal: to weep, cry (112×)H0954 1. to be ashamed, feel shame (Qal) (95×)H8057 1. joy, gladness, delight (90×)H2781 1. disgrace, shame, dishonor (68×)G2307 1. will, desire, purpose (63×)G5463 1. rejoice, be glad (63×)G0027 1. beloved (61×)H8130 1. Qal: to hate, detest (60×)G5479 1. (59×)G1680 1. (53×)H8130 2. Qal ptcp: hater, enemy (53×)H0014 1. be willing, want (51×)H0157 2. lover, friend (Qal participle substantive) (51×)H1945 1. woe (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
μακρο-θῡμία, Ionic dialect -ιη, ἡ, long-suffering, patience, NT+4th c.BC+ __2 forbearance, LXX+NT