μαίνομαι G3105
To be mad, to rage; to be out of one's mind, whether from divine frenzy, demonic influence, or perceived insanity.
Rooted in the idea of frenzy or rage, mainomai in the NT consistently describes someone perceived as insane or out of their mind. When Jesus speaks provocatively, his opponents dismiss him as demon-possessed and 'mad' (John 10:20). The servant girl Rhoda is told 'You are out of your mind!' when she reports Peter's miraculous release (Acts 12:15). Festus accuses Paul of madness from too much learning (Acts 26:24), which Paul firmly denies (26:25). Paul also warns that unbelievers entering a charismatic worship gathering may conclude the speakers are 'mad' (1 Cor 14:23).
Senses
1. sense 1 — To be mad, insane, or out of one's mind — to exhibit behavior that onlookers judge as deranged or irrational. In every NT occurrence, the accusation of madness is leveled at someone whose words or actions seem too extraordinary to be sane. Jesus is called mad for his bold claims (John 10:20); Rhoda is dismissed as crazy for her joyful report (Acts 12:15); Paul is accused of learning-induced madness (Acts 26:24-25); and ecstatic worship risks being judged as insanity by outsiders (1 Cor 14:23). The multilingual glosses (spa: Estás-loco, fra: être-fou, deu: wahnsinnig-sein) consistently render it with the standard term for madness or insanity. 5×
AR["أَنْتَ-مَجْنُونٌ", "أَنْتِ-مَجْنُونَةٌ", "تَجُنّونَ", "مَجْنُونًا", "يَجُنّ"]·ben["পাগল", "পাগল-হইতেছ", "পাগল-হইতেছি", "পাগল?", "সে-পাগল"]·DE["wahnsinnig-sein", "Μαίνῃ", "μαίνομαι"]·EN["I-am-mad", "You-are-mad", "is-mad", "you-are-mad"]·FR["être-fou"]·heb["מְשֻׁגַּעַת-אַתְּ", "מְשֻׁגָּע", "מְשֻׁגָּעִים-אַתֶּם", "מְשֻׁגָּעַ"]·HI["पागल-है।", "पागल-हो", "पागल-हो-गई", "पागलहूँ", "पागलहै"]·ID["Engkau-gila", "Gila,", "gila", "gila,", "kamu-gila?"]·IT["essere-pazzo", "mainetai"]·jav["Panjenengan-èdan.", "kula-édan,", "panjenengan-édan", "Édan,", "édan;"]·KO["미쳤구나", "미쳤다"]·PT["Estás-louco,", "estais-loucos?", "estou-louco,", "está-louco"]·RU["Безумствуешь", "безумствует;", "безумствую", "беснуетесь"]·ES["Estás-loca", "Estás-loco", "estoy-loco", "está-loco", "estáis-locos"]·SW["Una-wazimu", "Unawazimu.", "ana-wazimu", "mmewazimu?", "wazimu"]·TR["deliyim", "delü-müsün", "delı", "delısın"]·urd["دیوانی-ہے", "دیوانے-ہو", "پاگل-ہوں", "پاگل-ہے"]
Related Senses
H7200 1. Qal: to see, perceive (1257×)G4771 2. you (singular address) (1077×)H8085 1. Qal: hear, perceive aurally (921×)H0859a 1. you (2nd person masculine singular pronoun) (743×)H0398 1. eat (consume food) (697×)H4191 1. die (Qal: natural/general death) (645×)G3708 1. see, perceive visually (419×)G0191 1. hear, perceive sound (360×)H???? 3. (352×)G3708 2. behold, look (exclamatory) (256×)H7272 1. foot (body part) (236×)H8354 1. drink, consume liquid (209×)H3205 1. Qal active: bear/give birth (female subject) (204×)H3205 2. Qal active: beget/father (male subject) (198×)H2421 1. Qal: live, be alive (177×)H8085 2. Qal: listen, heed, pay attention (172×)H2416a 1. alive, living (state/attribute) (146×)H2416e 1. life, lifespan, lifetime (145×)G2198 1. be alive, have life (133×)H8193 1. lip, lips (body part) (123×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
μαίνομαι, future μᾰνοῦμαι Refs 5th c.BC+: perfect with present sense μέμηνα Refs 5th c.BC+; Doric dialect μέμηνα uncertain in Refs 7th c.BC+; also in passive form μεμάνημαι [ᾰ] Refs 3rd c.BC+aorist passive ἐμάνην, participle μᾰνείς, infinitive μᾰνῆναι, Refs 5th c.BC+: also aorist middle ἐμηνάμην Refs 3rd c.AD+; poetry 2nd pers. singular ἐμήναο probably in Refs 2nd c.BC+, 3rd.pers. singular μήνατο…