In the ancient world the distinction between a small household oil lamp and a large outdoor torch was important, and λαμπάς spans both. The parable of the ten virgins (Matt 25:1-8) centers on oil lamps — vessels that must be filled and trimmed — and Hindi uses the culturally resonant 'deepak' (दीपक), while Arabic uses 'masabiih' (مَصَابِيحَ), both clearly denoting oil lamps. But when the soldiers come to arrest Jesus bearing λαμπάδες (John 18:3), these are outdoor torches: Spanish shifts to 'antorcha,' and English distinguishes 'torches' from 'lamps.' Revelation uses the word for the seven blazing spirits before God's throne (Rev 4:5) and the great star falling like a torch (Rev 8:10).