Lamps and Torches

I. נֵר43 n.m. Ex 25:37 lamp;—נ׳ abs. Ex 27:20 +, cstr. 1 S 3:3 +; sf. נֵרִי ψ 18:29, †נֵירִי ‖ 2 S 22:29, etc.; pl. נֵרוֹת abs. Lv 24:4 +; cstr. Ex 39:37; sf. נֵרֹתֶיהָ Ex 25:37(×2) +, נֵרֹתֵיהֶם 1 Ch 28:15 2 Ch 4:20;—lamp in shrine at Shiloh 1 S 3:3; especially of lamps in temple 1 K 7:49 + 7 times Ch, and in tabern. Ex 25:37(×2) + 15 times P; cf. in Zech.’s vision Zc 4:2(×2) as token of merrymaking Je 25:10; used in search Zp 1:12, cf. (fig.) נֵר י׳ נִשְׁמַת אָדָם Pr 20:27; used in household work Pr 31:18; fig. of prosperity נ׳ יִשְׂרָאֵל 2 S 21:17 (embodied in David); also Jb 18:6; 21:17; 29:3 ψ 18:29 = 2 S 22:29, ψ 132:17 Pr 13:9; 20:20; 24:20; of God’s word as a guide ψ 119:105, cf. Pr 6:23.

† II. נֵר n.pr.m. 𝔊 Νηρ: 1. father of Abner 1 S 14:50, 51; 26:5, 14 2 S 2:8, 12; 3:23, 25, 28, 37 1 K 2:5, 32; 1 Ch 26:28. 2. father of Kish 1 Ch 8:33; 9:36, 39.

λύχνος, ὁ, plural λύχνοι Refs 7th c.BC+. (fragment λυκ-sno-, compare Λύκη):—portable light, lamp, χρύσεος λ. Refs 8th c.BC+; λύχνα καίειν, ἀνάπτειν, light lamps, Refs 5th c.BC+; λύχνους ἅπτειν to have an illumination, Refs 5th c.BC+; λ. ἀπεσβήκει had been put out, Refs 5th c.BC+; περὶ λύχνων ἁφάς about lamp-lighting time, i. e. towards nightfall, Refs 5th c.BC+; πάννυχος λ. παρακαίεται lamps are kept burning all night, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἔλαιον ἡμῖν οὐκ ἔνεστ᾽ ἐν τῷ λύχνῳ Refs 5th c.BC+; compare κεράτινος. __2 in plural, οἱ λύχνοι or τὰ λύχνα the lamp-market, οὑκ τῶν λ. Refs __II a fish, Refs 1st c.BC+; cf. Latin lucerna, Refs 1st c.AD+

† לַפִּיד n.m. Ju 15:4 torch (NH id.);—ל׳ abs. Ju 15:4; Is 62:1; cstr. Gn 15:17; Zc 12:6; pl. לַפִּידִים Ju 15:5 + 2 times, לַפִּידִם Ex 20:18, לַפִּדִים Ju 7:16 + 3 times; cstr. לַפִּידֵי Dn 10:6:—torch, Ju 7:16, 20; 15:4(×2), 5 (kindled, הִבְעִיר אֵשׁ בְּ׳); לַפִּיד אֵשׁ Gn 15:17 (+ תַּנּוּר עָשָׁן; JE), Zc 12:6 (sim. of conquering power of [chiefs of] Judah; ‖ בִּיּוֹר אֵשׁ), לַפִּידֵי אֵשׁ Dn 10:6 (sim. of eyes of angel in vision; ‖ וּפָנָיו כְּמַרְאֵה בָרָק); sim. of flashes (reflected from) darting chariots Na 2:5 (‖ בְּרָקִים); ל׳ of lightning-flashes Ex 20:18 (E; + קוֹלֹת thunder-peals); of flashing water-drops expelled by snortings of crocodile Jb 41:11 (‖ כִּידוֹדֵי אֵשׁ); of flame between cherubim Ez 1:13 (‖ גַּחֲלֵי־אֵשׁ, אֵשׁ); sim. of Zion’s glorious deliverance Is 62:1 (‖ נֹגַהּ).—לַפִּיד Jb 12:5 v. sub פִּיד.

λαμπάς, άδος, ἡ, __A torch, Refs 5th c.BC+; beacon-light, Refs 4th c.BC+; λαμπάδας ἅψασθαι light torches, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπάδας τινάσσων, in Bacchic ceremonies, Refs __A.2 faggot, Refs 2nd c.BC+; any light, lamp, λαμπάδες ἀργυραῖ LXX; wax-light, Refs 1st c.AD+; later of oillamps, NT __A.3 metaphorically, of the sun, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἡ 'πιοῦσα λ. the coming light, i.e. the next day, Refs 5th c.BC+; of lightning, δαμασθεὶς λαμπάσιν κεραυνίοις Refs; of the Cyclops' eye, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.4 meteor, Refs 4th c.BC+ __A.II torch-race, ={λαμπαδηδρομία}, Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπάδα δραμεῖν, τρέχειν, run the race, Refs 5th c.BC+; ἀφιεμένην τὴν λ. θεῶ see the start,Refs 5th c.BC+; λαμπάδι νικᾶν win in it, Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.II.2 metaphorically, of life, λαμπάδα γὰρ ζωᾶς με δραμεῖν.. ἤθελε δαίμων Refs; καθάπερ λαμπάδα τὸν βίον παραδιδόντας ἄλλοις ἐξ ἄλλων Refs 5th c.BC+ __A.III ={λυχνὶς ἀγρία}, Ps.-Refs 1st c.AD+

† I. נִיר n.[m.] lamp;—always fig. לְמַעַן הֱיוֹת־נ׳ לְדָוִיד 1 K 11:36, i.e. that his family may remain on the throne; cf. 15:4; 2 K 8:19 = 2 Ch 21:7; = happiness, delight (cstr.) נִר רְשָׁעִים Pr 21:4 (so Vrss Thes Buhl Now Wild, > Ew Del SS Frankenb = ii. נִיר sub i. [נִיר] infr.).

φᾱνός, ὁ, torch, Refs 5th c.BC+; ποῖος φ. τοιοῦτος οἷος ὁ ἥλιο; Refs 2nd c.AD+; distinguished from λύχνος, Refs 4th c.BC+; but probably ={λύχνος} in Refs 2nd c.BC+; μετὰ φανῶν καὶ λαμπάδων NT+2nd c.AD+: the form πᾱνός (probably a different word) is found in Refs 5th c.BC+ __II φ. ὑελοῦς glass cover,Refs 5th c.BC+ __II.2 a form of still, Zos.Alch.p.224 Refs 5th c.BC+