κοπ-ιάω G2872
To labor hard or grow weary; strenuous toil in work or ministry, and the resulting exhaustion from exertion.
Spanning both the effort and its toll, this verb captures hard work and the weariness it produces. Spanish splits the senses clearly: trabajar (to work/toil) versus cansado and fatigado (tired, fatigued), confirming the two-sense structure. Nineteen occurrences describe active labor — from the lilies that 'toil not' (Matt 6:28) to apostolic ministry (John 4:38; 1 Cor 15:10). Four occurrences emphasize the resulting exhaustion, as when Jesus sat down weary from his journey (John 4:6) and his invitation to all who 'labor and are heavy laden' (Matt 11:28).
Senses
1. to labor or toil — To work hard, exert strenuous effort in physical or ministerial labor. Spanish trabajar and habiendo trabajado mark active toil, while French travailler and German muehen confirm productive exertion. The lilies that 'toil not' (Matt 6:28; Luke 12:27) and Paul's description of apostolic labor (John 4:38; 1 Cor 15:10) anchor this dominant sense across nineteen occurrences. 19×
AR["أَتعَبُ", "التّاعِبينَ", "المُتْعِبونَ", "المُتْعِبُ", "بِالتَّعَبِ", "تعِبنا", "تَاعِبَتَيْنِ", "تَتعَبُ", "تَتْعَبُ", "تَتْعَبُوا-فِيهِ", "تَعِبتُ", "تَعِبَتْ", "تَعِبُوا", "تَعِبْتُ", "مُتْعِبٍ", "نَتْعَبُ", "يَتعَب"]·ben["আমরা-পরিশ্রম-করি", "আমি-পরিশ্রম-করি", "পরিশ্রম-করছে", "পরিশ্রম-করি,", "পরিশ্রম-করুক", "পরিশ্রম-করে", "পরিশ্রম-করেছ", "পরিশ্রম-করেছি", "পরিশ্রম-করেছি,", "পরিশ্রম-করেছেন", "পরিশ্রমকারী", "পরিশ্রমকারীকে।", "পরিশ্রমকারীদের", "পরিশ্রমীদের"]·DE["muehen", "κοπιάσαντες", "κοπιᾷ", "κοπιῶντας", "κοπιῶσιν"]·EN["I-labored", "I-toil", "I-toiled", "have-labored", "having-worked-hard", "labored", "laboring", "let-labor", "they-labor", "they-toil", "we-labor", "we-toil"]·FR["se-fatiguer", "travailler"]·heb["יַעֲמֹל", "עֲמֵלִים", "עֲמֵלוֹת", "עֲמַלְתֶּם", "עָמְלָה", "עָמְלוּ", "עָמֵל", "עָמֵל-אֲנִי", "עָמֵלִים", "עָמֵלוֹת", "עָמַלְנוּ", "עָמַלְתִּי", "עָמַלְתִּי."]·HI["परिश्रम-करके", "परिश्रम-करती-हैं", "परिश्रम-करते", "परिश्रम-करते-हैं", "परिश्रम-करते-हैन", "परिश्रम-करने-वअले", "परिश्रम-करने-वअलोन", "परिश्रम-करने-वाले-के", "परिश्रम-करनेवालियों-को", "परिश्रम-किया", "परिश्रम-किया-है,", "परिश्रम-किया-है;", "मेहनत-करनेवले", "मेहनत-करे", "मैंने-परिश्रम-किया", "मैन-परिश्रम-करत-होओन", "मैने-मेहनत-कि."]·ID["aku bersusah payah", "aku-bekerja-keras,", "bekerja-keras", "bekerjalah,", "kami-bekerja-keras", "kerjakan;", "kita-bersusah-payah", "telah-bekerja,", "yang-bekerja-keras", "yang-bekerja-keras."]·IT["affaticarsi"]·jav["kangelan", "kita-kangelan", "kita-nyambut-damel-awrat,", "kula-nyambut-damel", "lelados", "makarya", "nyambut-damel", "nyambut-damel,", "nyambut-damel-abot", "sampun-magawang,", "sampun-magawang;", "sampun-makarya"]·KO["나는-수고한다", "수고하고", "수고하는", "수고하는-이들-을", "수고하는-자", "수고하는-자들", "수고하는-자들을", "수고하라,", "수고하며", "수고하였으니", "수고하지.", "수고한다", "수고했다", "수고했지만"]·PT["labutamos", "que-trabalha", "que-trabalham", "trabalham", "trabalhamos", "trabalhando", "trabalharam,", "trabalhaste;", "trabalhe,", "trabalhei", "trabalhei,", "trabalho", "trabalhou"]·RU["-Господе", "в-", "да-трудится,", "потрудившись,", "потрудилась", "потрудился", "трудились", "трудился", "трудимся", "трудятся", "трудящемуся", "трудящиеся", "трудящимся", "трудящихся", "труждающемуся", "тружусь"]·ES["habiendo-trabajado", "habéis-trabajado", "han-trabajado", "me-esfuerzo", "que-trabaja", "que-trabajan", "trabaja", "trabajamos", "trabajan", "trabajando", "trabaje", "trabajé", "trabajó"]·SW["ajitahidi", "alifanya-kazi", "anayefanya-kazi-kwa-bidii", "anayejitahidi", "fanyikazi", "hayafanyi-kazi", "mkifanya-kazi-ngumu", "mlifanyia-kazi", "nilifanya-kazi", "nilijitaabisha", "ninajitaabisha", "tumejishughulisha", "tunajitaabisha,", "tunajitahidi", "wamefanyia-kazi", "wanao-fanya-kazi", "wanaofanya-kazi-kwa-bidii", "wanaojitahidi"]·TR["calistim", "emek verene", "emek-harcadılar", "emek-harcadınız", "emek-veren", "emek-verenler", "emek-verenleri", "emek-veriyorum", "emek-veriyoruz", "emek-versin", "hepsinden", "zahmet çekiyoruz", "çalışanlar", "çalışarak", "çalışmış", "çalıştı", "çalışır", "çalışırlar"]·urd["رات", "محنت-کرتا-ہوں", "محنت-کرتے", "محنت-کرتے-ہوئے", "محنت-کرتے-ہیں", "محنت-کرنے-والوں", "محنت-کرنے-والیوں", "محنت-کرنے-والے", "محنت-کرنے-والے-کے", "محنت-کرے", "محنت-کی", "محنتی", "ہم-محنت-کرتے-ہیں"]
Matt 6:28, Luke 5:5, Luke 12:27, John 4:38, John 4:38, Acts 20:35, Rom 16:6, Rom 16:12, Rom 16:12, 1 Cor 4:12, 1 Cor 15:10, 1 Cor 16:16 (+7 more)
2. to grow weary or fatigued — To grow weary, become exhausted or fatigued from sustained effort. Spanish cansado (tired) and me he fatigado (I have grown weary) distinguish this from mere toil. Jesus weary from his journey at Jacob's well (John 4:6) and the great invitation to all who 'labor and are heavy laden' (Matt 11:28) exemplify this sense across four occurrences. 4×
AR["تَتْعَبْ", "تَعِبتُ", "مُتعَبينَ", "مُتْعَبًا"]·ben["ক্লান্ত", "ক্লান্ত-হলে", "পরিশ্রম-করেছি", "পরিশ্রান্ত"]·DE["muehen", "κοπιῶντες"]·EN["I-have-labored", "having-grown-weary", "laboring", "you-grew-weary"]·FR["travailler"]·heb["יָגַעְתָּ", "עֲיֵפִים", "עָיֵף", "עָמַלְתִּי"]·HI["थका-हुआ", "थका।", "थके-हुए", "मैने-मेहनत-कि"]·ID["aku-bekerja-keras", "bekerja-keras", "kamu-menjadi-lelah.", "telah-lelah"]·IT["affaticarsi"]·jav["kula-sampun-nyambut-damel", "panjenengan-sayah", "sampun-sayèk", "sayah"]·KO["수고하고", "수고했는가", "지쳤다", "피곴하여"]·PT["cansado", "que-estais-cansados", "te-cansaste", "tenha-trabalhado"]·RU["трудился", "труждающиеся", "устал.", "утомившийся"]·ES["cansado", "me-he-fatigado", "que-trabajan", "te-cansaste"]·SW["akiwa-amechoka", "hukuchoka.", "nimejitaabisha", "taabishwa"]·TR["emek-vermiş-olayım", "yorulan", "yoruldun", "yorulmuş"]·urd["تھکا", "تھکا-ہوا", "محنت-کرنے-والے", "محنت-کی-ہو"]
Related Senses
G0846 1. third-person pronoun reference (5552×)H???? 1. (4670×)H6213a 1. do, perform, act (2383×)G4160 1. do, act, perform (473×)H5221 1. Hifil: to strike in battle, smite enemies (362×)H0899b 1. garment, article of clothing (216×)H6213a 2. make, construct, fabricate (148×)H3772 1. cut a covenant / make a pact (97×)H5060 1. touch physically (Qal) (96×)H3615 1. complete a task (Piel) (85×)H3772 2. cut off / destroy (Hifil causative) (81×)H3920 1. capture, seize (Qal) (76×)H???? 12. (76×)H3772 3. be cut off / be eliminated (Niphal) (74×)H6213a 3. be done, be made (Niphal) (73×)G4160 2. make, construct, create (62×)H3847 1. Qal: put on, wear (60×)H8210 1. pour out (liquid/libation) (59×)G2440 1. garment or clothing (general) (54×)H4191 4. kill / put to death (Hifil causative) (50×)
BDB / Lexicon Reference
κοπ-ιάω, future -άσω [ᾱ]: aorist ἐκοπίᾱσα Refs 4th c.BC+: perfect κεκοπίᾱκα NT: (κόπος):—to be tired, grow weary, LXX+5th c.BC+, Men.[same place]; κ. ὑπὸ ἀγαθῶν to be weary of good things, NT+5th c.BC+: with participle, κ. ὀρχούμενοι Refs 5th c.BC+aorist participle κοπιάσας, defunctus laboribus, Refs:—middle in active sense, Refs 4th c.BC+ __II work hard, toil, NT+2nd c.AD+: with infinitive,…